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  <doc>
    <id>55610</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>12</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>15</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Alkali and alkaline earth zinc and lead borate glasses: Structure and properties</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Low melting Li2O-PbO-B2O3, Me2O-ZnO-B2O3, Me = Li, Na, K, Rb and CaO-ZnO-B2O3 glasses were studied with Raman and infrared spectroscopies to advance the structural understanding of zinc borate glasses as potential candidates for substitution of lead containing glasses.  Although the effect of type of alkali ions on the number (N4) of fourfold coordinated boron (B4) in the glasses is  small, the alkali ions direct the type of borate groups, i.e., pentaborate in lithium, sodium, and calcium zinc  borate glasses, as well as diborate in potassium and rubidium containing ones. Both groups were simultaneously found in Li2O-PbO-B2O3. Alkali ions are mainly responsible for the formation of B4-units and metaborate. Zinc ions favorably compensate non-bridging oxygen and partially form ZnO4. With decreasing N4 and field strength of the alkali ions the atomic packing density, glass transition temper ature and Young’s Modulus also decrease. The coefficient of thermal expansion increases with decreasing N4.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: X</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.nocx.2022.100109</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2590-1591</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-556109</identifier>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Lina Heuser</author>
    <author>Marianne Nofz</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Raman spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>IR spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alkali zinc borate glasses</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lead borate glasses</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Physical properties</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Young’s Modulus</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.6 Glas</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/55610/Paper.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55728</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Liquid phase sintering of alkali zinc borate glass-bearing silver pastes for applications in photovoltaics and microelectronics</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Liquid phase sintering of glass bearing silver pastes used in photovoltaics and microelectronics is poorly understood. In particular, the role of different network modifiers acting in the glass component and the question of the most suitable atmospheric oxygen level during sintering are still under considerable debate. To tackle these issues, low-melting and lead-free X2O-ZnO-B2O3 glasses with X = Li, Na, K and Rb (LZB, NZB, KZB and RZB) were prepared. Infrared spectroscopy showed that the glass structure was similar to each other, while an increase of tetrahedrally coordinated boron with increasing field strength of the alkali was evident. In turn, the glass transition temperature (from differential thermal analysis) increased in the order: RZB (449 °C) &lt; KZB (460 °C) &lt; NZB (465 °C) &lt; LZB (472 °C). Powders of each glass were mixed with organics to receive silver-glass-pastes containing 30 vol% glass and these were subjected to heating microscopy in air. Although similar onset temperatures of sintering were recorded for Ag-NZB and Ag-LZB glass pastes, and for Ag-RZB paste and KZB-Ag-paste, respectively, differences in the crystallization behavior and final densification were observed between the former and the latter group. These were translated in terms of differences in silver dissolution and reprecipitation among the two groups. Further, running the experiments in nitrogen gas showed that sintering of all pastes was considerably hampered. The slow-down of the sinter kinetics was found to be in line with the assumed lower oxidation and dissolution of silver ions into the glass-forming liquid.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">26th International Congress on Glass</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">03.07.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">08.07.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Lina Heuser</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Silver metallization paste</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sintering</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Glass</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alkali zinc borate glasses</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Viscosity</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Structure</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.6 Glas</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55612</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>8</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>15</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Alkali and alkaline earth zinc and lead borate glasses: Sintering and crystallization</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Glasses in the systems Me2O-ZnO-B2O3 with Me = Li, Na, K, Rb (MeZB), Na2O-ZnO-CuO-B2O3 (NZCuB), CaO-ZnO-B2O3 (CaZB), and Li2O-PbO-B2O3 (LPbB) as a reference, were studied by differential thermal analysis, dilatometry, rotational viscometry, and heating microscopy. A decrease of viscosity and sintering range was found with decreasing number of fourfold coordinated boron. The viscosity of the alkali zinc borate glasses varies only slightly. LPbB and CaZB stand out by their reduced and increased viscosities, respectively. Sodium, potassium, and calcium zinc borate glasses possess a fragility above 76. All glasses were sintered to full density before crystallization. Mostly binary zinc borate phases govern crystallization. A ternary crystalline phase was detected only in the potassium containing sample. The Weinberg glass stability parameter ranges between 0.07 and 0.12. This is caused by the presence of several crystalline phases and varying melting points of even the same crystalline phase in different glass matrices.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: X</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.nocx.2022.100116</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2590-1591</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-556128</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Lina Heuser</author>
    <author>Marianne Nofz</author>
    <author>Ralf Müller</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alkali zinc borate glasses</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lead borate glasses</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Viscosity</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sintering</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Crystallization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fragility</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.6 Glas</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/55612/Alkali and alkaline earth zinc and lead borate glasses Sintering and crystallization Sintering.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55736</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Silver in low-melting alkali zinc borate glasses</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Ein aktuelles Forschungsziel ist die Substitution von Bleioxid in niedrig schmelzenden Gläsern z.B. zur Anwendung in Silber-Metallisationspasten. Im Fokus steht hier die Untersuchung der Silberdiffusion in Alkali-Zink-Boratgläsern (X2O-ZnO-B2O3, X = Li, Na, K, Rb). Zudem wird der Redoxzustand des Silbers (Ag) und somit die Art der diffundierenden Silberspezies bestimmt. Hierzu wurde eine metallische Silberschicht mittels Sputterns auf Glaswürfel aufgebracht. Die Wärmebehandlung erfolgte nahe der Glasübergangstemperatur bei 470 °C über 2 h unter Luft und Stickstoffatmosphäre. Die Schichtdicke der Silberbeschichtung betrug 1.8 µm nach der Wärmebehandlung, gemessen mittels Weißlicht-Interferometer.&#13;
Die Silberdiffusionsprofile wurden mittels Sekundär-Neutral-Teilchen-Massenspektrometrie gemessen. Die Diffusionskoeffizienten des Silbers liegen in der Größenordnung von ~10-14 cm2/s und unterscheiden sich nur gering in Abhängigkeit des Alkali-Ions im Glas.&#13;
Mittels Fluoreszenz-Spektroskopie ließen sich gelöste Ag+-Ionen und [Agm]n+-Cluster nach der Wärmebehandlung unterscheiden.&#13;
Zusätzlich konnten ausgeschiedene metallische Silber-Partikel im Natrium-enthaltenden Glas mittels Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie beobachtet werden. Diese haben einen mittleren Durchmesser von ~6 nm.</abstract>
    <abstract language="eng">Substitution of lead oxide in low-melting glasses, e.g., for application in silver metallization pastes, is a current research goal. This work is focused on the investigation of silver diffusion in alkali zinc borate glasses (X2O-ZnO-B2O3, X = Li, Na, K, Rb). In addition, the redox state of silver (Ag) and thus the type of diffusing silver species were studied. For this purpose, a metallic silver coating was applied on glass cubes by means of sputtering. Heat treatment of the samples was performed close to the glass transition temperatures at 470 °C for 2 h under air and nitrogen atmosphere. Coating thickness was 1.8 µm after heat treatment, measured by a white light interferometer.&#13;
Silver diffusion profiles were measured by means of secondary neutral mass spectrometry. The silver diffusion coefficients are in the range of ~10-14 cm2/s and indicate no significant differences depending on the type of alkali ions in the glass. Dissolved Ag+-ions and [Agm]n+-clusters in the glasses were differentiated using fluorescence spectroscopy. &#13;
Precipitated metallic silver particles in the sodium containing glass were observed by means of transmission electron microcopy. Their mean particle diameter was ~6 nm.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Living Glass Surfaces XI - Year of Glass</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Ilmenau, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">14.09.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">15.09.2022</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Lina Heuser</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alkali zinc borate glasses</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Silver diffusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Transmission electron microscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fluorescence spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Silver cluster</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">1.2 Biophotonik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5 Werkstofftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">5.6 Glas</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
