<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>57638</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>14</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>172</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier Ltd.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Corrosion of hybrid alkaline cements in saline solution simulating evaporite rock – effect of the Portland clinker content</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Two hybrid alkaline cements (HAC) based on Portland clinker, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), fly ash and sodium sulfate, as well as an alkali-activated GGBFS/fly ash blend and a Portland cement paste were exposed to a saturated saline solution for 70 days. The combined chemical attack of chloride, magnesium and sulfate ions and the associated changes of the phase assemblage of the materials were studied by X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and spatially resolved X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The experimental results revealed dissolution of ettringite, C-N-A-S-H and calcite, and the formation of gypsum, Kuzel's salt and Friedel's salt; thermodynamic modeling indicated the formation of M-S-H. The resistance of the HAC against attack by the saline solution increased with Portland clinker fraction. The capacity of portlandite to maintain pH at values above 10 is found to be a major factor controlling the resistance of HAC against corrosion in the saline solution.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Cement and Concrete Research</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0008-8846</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1873-3948</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.cemconres.2023.107215</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">24.07.2023</enrichment>
    <author>Ricky Henning</author>
    <author>Patrick Sturm</author>
    <author>S. Keßler</author>
    <author>Gregor Gluth</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hybrid cements</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alkali-activated materials</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Magnesium chloride</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Salt attack</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Kerntechnische Entsorgung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55776</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>16</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>9</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Frontiers</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">The influence of curing temperature on the strength and phase assemblage of hybrid cements based on GGBFS/FA blends</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Hybrid cements are composites made of Portland cement or Portland clinker and one or more supplementary cementitious materials like slag, fly ash or metakaolin, activated with an alkali salt. To date, their hydration mechanism and the phase formation at various temperatures is insufficiently understood, partly due to the large variability of the raw materials used. In the present study, three hybrid cements based on ground granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, Portland clinker and sodium sulfate, and an alkali-activated slag/fly ash blend were cured at 10 and 21.5°C, and subsequently analyzed by XRD, 27Al MAS NMR, and TGA. The compressive strength of the hybrid cements was higher by up to 27% after 91-day curing at 10°C, compared to curing at 21.5°C. The experimental results as well as thermodynamic modeling indicate that the differences in compressive strength were related to a different phase assemblage, mainly differing amounts of strätlingite and C-N-A-S-H, and the associated differences of the volume of hydration products. While the strätlingite was amorphous to X-rays, it could be identified by 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy, TGA and thermodynamic modeling. The microstructural properties of the hybrid cements and the alkali-activated slag/fly ash blend as well as the compatibility between thermodynamic modeling results and experimental data as a function of curing temperature and time are discussed.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Frontiers in Materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3389/fmats.2022.982568</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-557767</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2296-8016</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">07.11.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="PaperofMonth">1</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Ricky Henning</author>
    <author>Patrick Sturm</author>
    <author>D.A. Geddes</author>
    <author>S. Keßler</author>
    <author>B. Walkley</author>
    <author>Gregor Gluth</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hybrid cements</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Strätlingite</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermodynamic modelling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydration</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/55776/Henning et al - Front Mater 2022.pdf</file>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/55776/Henning et al - Front Mater 2022 - SI.pdf</file>
  </doc>
</export-example>
