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    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>60</pageLast>
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    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>Deliverable 9.1</volume>
    <type>report</type>
    <publisherName>Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (ANDRA)</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Châtenay-Malabry</publisherPlace>
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    <title language="eng">Durability of traditional and innovative disposal container materials and coatings: State-of-the-art and further research within InCoManD</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This document provides a consolidated state-of-the-art overview of current knowledge on containers designed to safely isolate heat-generating high-level radioactive waste in deep geological repositories (DGRs). These containers form a vital part of the multi-barrier safety system that ensures long-term protection of people and the environment. Their durability — especially their resistance to corrosion and mechanical stress — is essential, as they are expected to perform over time scales ranging from hundreds to hundreds of thousands of years.&#13;
&#13;
The findings presented here are taken from recent research studies out of the EURAD programme and also from the EURAD-1 ConCorD project (Work Package 15, 2021–2024), which reviewed the performance of various container materials, including copper, carbon steel and silicon carbide. The report covers experimental results under relevant disposal conditions, the impact of manufacturing and sealing processes, and the current capabilities of modelling tools to simulate the complex underground environment in which these containers will operate.&#13;
&#13;
In addition to summarising knowledge on traditional materials, the document highlights recent progress and remaining challenges related to innovative ceramic-based containers. Key issues include ensuring effective sealing and mechanical integrity, particularly under harsh and evolving conditions over long periods.&#13;
&#13;
The report also emphasizes the importance of understanding how different environmental and mechanical factors interact to influence container degradation. Neither corrosion nor stress alone can fully explain long-term behaviour, and both must be studied together.&#13;
&#13;
Finally, this state-of-the-art sets the stage for future work, especially the EURAD-2 InCoManD project (Work Package 9), which will build on these findings to improve testing methods, refine models, and explore promising new materials and design solutions for safer and more reliable waste containment. Research activities within InCoManD are hence briefly described throughout this document.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">European Partnership on Radioactive Waste Management 2 (EURAD-2)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.ejp-eurad.eu/sites/default/files/2025-06/EURAD2_WP09_INCO_T02_01_D09.1_SOTA_0.pdf</identifier>
    <note>This document is a deliverable of the European Partnership on Radioactive Waste Management 2 (EURAD-2); EURAD-2 is co-funded by the European Union under Grant Agreement N°101166718.</note>
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    <author>Holger Völzke</author>
    <author>Andrea Cherkouk</author>
    <author>Bojan Zajec</author>
    <author>Aurélien Debelle</author>
    <author>Ursula Alonso</author>
    <author>Patrick Ganster</author>
    <author>Lidia Generelo-Casajus</author>
    <author>Mohamed L. Merroun</author>
    <author>Mar Morales-Hidalgo</author>
    <author>Janne Pakarinen</author>
    <author>Fabrice Rossignol</author>
    <author>Andressa Trentin</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Disposal container</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Radioactive waste</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Deep geological repository</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion resistance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Durability</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">3.4 Sicherheit von Lagerbehältern</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
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