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    <id>61001</id>
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    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
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    <pageLast>3</pageLast>
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    <title language="eng">Investigations on multi-sensor data for monitoring volume flow during the printing process</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Extrusion based 3D concrete printing (3DCP) is a growing technology because of its high potential for automating construction and the new possibilities of design. In conventional construction methods, a sample is taken to be representative for one material batch. However, in 3DCP continuous mixing is used which results in variations during the mixing process. Therefore, one sample is not representative for the entire structure. This leads to the necessity of continuous and real-time process monitoring.&#13;
This study focuses on the variations of pressure and temperature which are caused by changes in the material due to the ongoing mixing process. Changes in material, which is transported downstream, are influencing sensor signals in different positions with a time delay. In the following, the data is analysed to investigate if the changing material and the so caused change in pressure can be used to calculate volume flow.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Digital Concrete 2024 - Supplementary Proceedings</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.24355/dbbs.084-202408151304-0</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:gbv:084-2024081513042</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Digital Concrete 2024</enrichment>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-SA - Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Eric Schönsee</author>
    <author>Olubunmi Anthony Jeyifous</author>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <author>Götz Hüsken</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In-line Monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Volume Flow</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process Control</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Leichtbau</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61101</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>9</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>TU Braunschweig</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
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    <title language="eng">An assessment of the repeatability of 3D printed concrete structures</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Additive manufacturing of concrete structures, also known as 3D concrete printing, is a technology that received a lot of attention over the past decade due to its financial an ecological advantage as sustainable construction technology. Although several techniques and approaches demonstrate these advantages, quality control during printing is highly challenging and rarely applied and harmonized standards are not existing. Due to the continuous mixing process used in 3D concrete printing, it is impossible to exclude variations in the dry mixture or water content, and a single test sample is insufficient to be representative for the whole structure. A defect in one layer during the printing can affect the entire integrity of the whole structure. This study shows the results of an arch designed as framework structure that was printed multiple times under the same boundary conditions using an extrusion-based 3D concrete printer. Each arch was tested for its mechanical strength and load bearing behavior. The results of the mechanical testing of the printed arches are compared with material data obtained by classical tests and discussed regarding their statistical significance.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Digital Concrete 2024 - Supplementary Proceedings</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.24355/dbbs.084-202408150641-0</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-611012</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Digital Concrete 2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Munich, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">04.09.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">06.09.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Götz Hüsken</author>
    <author>Olubunmi Anthony Jeyifous</author>
    <author>Eric Schönsee</author>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>3D concrete printing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Repeatability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process control</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Quality control</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Green Intelligent Building</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/61101/Huesken_et_al-An_assessment_of_the_repeatability_of_3D_printed_concrete_structures.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61534</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>127</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>133</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
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    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Correlation of continuously measured in-line process parameters and extruded geometry in 3D concrete printing  experiments</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Additive manufacturing of concrete structures is a novel and emerging tech-nology. Free contouring in civil engineering, which allows for entirely new designs, is a significant advantage. Although several techniques and ap-proaches demonstrate these advantages, quality control during printing is highly challenging and rarely applied. Due to the continuous mixing process used in 3D concrete printing, it is impossible to exclude variations in the dry mixture or water content, and a single test sample is insufficient to represent the whole structure. A defect in one layer during printing can affect the in-tegrity of the entire structure. Therefore, continuous and real-time process monitoring is required to record and document the printing process.&#13;
&#13;
At the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), a test rig for 3D concrete printing was developed to monitor the properties during the printing process. This study investigates the relationship between geometric accuracy and process parameters (pressure, pump torque, print speed, layer height, water content) in extrusion-based 3D concrete printing. Using a high-precision laser scanner, the geometric measurements of printed concrete ele-ments are evaluated in real-time. The concrete elements are printed under controlled conditions with varied process parameters. Preliminary findings indicate a significant correlation between process variables and geometric ac-curacy.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">DC 2024, RILEM Bookseries 53</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/978-3-031-70031-6_15</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Fourth RILEM International Conference on Concrete and Digital Fabrication</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Munich, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">04.09.2024</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
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    <author>Olubunmi Anthony Jeyifous</author>
    <author>Eric Schönsee</author>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <author>Götz Hüsken</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>3D concrete printing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Geometric accuracy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Quality control</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Leichtbau</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58109</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>11</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>14</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>45</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>Deutscher Sprengverband e.V.</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Charakterisierung der Belastung und Schädigung von Stahlbetonprüfkörpern unter Explosionsbeanspruchung</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Zur Bewertung der Widerstandsfähigkeit von Schutzobjekten und Bauteilen gegen Explosionsbeanspruchung führt die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) regelmäßig Sprengversuche im Realmaßstab auf einem Testgelände durch.&#13;
&#13;
Solche Versuche sind planungs- und ressourcenintensiv, sodass sie zunehmend durch numerische Simulationen ergänzt bzw. ersetzt werden.&#13;
&#13;
Aktuelle Forschungsarbeiten zielen darauf ab, neue Berechnungsmethoden und Materialmodelle zu entwickeln, mit denen die Bestimmung der Bauteilantwort sowie die daraus resultierende Schädigung nach einem Explosionsereignis möglich sind. &#13;
&#13;
Zur Validierung solcher Ansätze ist es notwendig, systematische Versuche mit unterschiedlichen Szenarien durchzuführen, bei denen die relevanten Parameter mit Hilfe verschiedener Messmethoden aufgezeichnet werden.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">SPRENGINFO</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0941 - 4584</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">44. Informationstagung Sprengtechnik</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Siegen, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">14.04.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">15.04.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
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    <author>René Costard</author>
    <author>Amit Agasty</author>
    <author>Daniel Kadoke</author>
    <author>Thomas Kind</author>
    <author>Konstantin Hicke</author>
    <author>Götz Hüsken</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Explosivstoff</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Explosionswirkung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stahlbeton</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Faseroptische Sensorik</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.4 Prüfung und Bewertung von Explosivstoffen/Pyrotechnik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59096</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>4</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Optica</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Washington D.C., USA</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Measuring Dynamic Behavior and Damage Evolution of a Reinforced Concrete Wall Subjected to Explosive Blasts using Embedded Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Results from highly dynamic and static strain measurements, respectively, using embedded distributed fiber optic sensors in a steel-reinforced concrete wall under explosive blast-loading are presented, detailing the structure’s dynamic behavior and the evolutions of cracks.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings 28th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">28th International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors (OFS-28)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Hamamatsu, Japan</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">20.11.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">24.11.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
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    <author>Konstantin Hicke</author>
    <author>Sebastian Chruscicki</author>
    <author>Mathias Breithaupt</author>
    <author>René Costard</author>
    <author>Thomas Kind</author>
    <author>Götz Hüsken</author>
    <author>Amit Agasty</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Distributed acoustic sensing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DAS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Structural response</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blast experiment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Embedded fiber optic sensor</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Security</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.5 Konformitätsbewertung Explosivstoffe/Pyrotechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">2.4 Prüfung und Bewertung von Explosivstoffen/Pyrotechnik</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>64539</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>NDT.net</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigating the impact of material rheology on geometric accuracy  in 3D concrete printing using real-time monitoring</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Additive manufacturing of concrete structures is an innovative and rapidly advancing technology. One of its key advantages is the ability to achieve freeform designs in civil engineering, enabling entirely new architectural possibilities. However, despite the demonstrated benefits of this technology, maintaining consistent print quality during the printing process remains a significant challenge and is seldom implemented. The continuous mixing process inherent in 3D concrete printing introduces potential variations in the dry mix composition or water content, making a single test sample insufficient to represent the entire structure. Moreover, defects in a single layer can compromise the integrity of the whole structure. This underscores the need for continuous, real-time monitoring to document and ensure the quality of the printing process.&#13;
At the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und  prüfung (BAM), a 3D concrete printer was developed to enable real-time non-destructive monitoring of material properties during the printing process. This study examines the impact of rheological variations, influenced by water content variations, on the geometric characteristics of printed elements. Geometric measurements are captured in real time using a high-precision laser scanner. Concrete elements are printed under controlled conditions with systematically varied process parameters. Preliminary results reveal a strong correlation between rheological behaviour and the geometric properties of the printed components.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">NDTCE 2025</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1435-4934</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.58286/31704</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-645394</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">NDT-CE 2025 - The International Symposium on Nondestructive Testing in Civil Engineering</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Izmir, Turkiye</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">24.09.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">26.09.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Olubunmi Anthony Jeyifous</author>
    <author>Eric Schönsee</author>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <author>Götz Hüsken</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>3D concrete printing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Real-time monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Quality control</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">BAM Präsentationen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Green Intelligent Building</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/64539/Jeyifous_NDTCE2025_Paper_Final.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>64304</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
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    <pageLast>4</pageLast>
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    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>NDT.net</publisherName>
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    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A framework for characterising the reflection intensity of a 3D-CP mortar</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The growing interest of 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) arises new challenges for quality control. A major challenge lies in evaluation of the interlayer bond strength. An optical approach is developed to monitor the surface properties of the printed layer. Commercial laser profile scanners are utilised to record the reflection intensity of the mortar’s surface. To be applicable in the printing process, the reflection intensity needs to be characterised for each material within the printable region and further effects, like geometry and environmental light, need to be considered. The presented work aims to provide a framework for implementing the laser reflection intensity to 3DCP monitoring.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">NDTCE 2025</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1435-4934</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.58286/31728</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-643047</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">NDT-CE 2025 - The International Symposium on Nondestructive Testing in Civil Engineering</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Izmir, Türkiye</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">24.09.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">26.09.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Eric Schönsee</author>
    <author>Götz Hüsken</author>
    <author>Amarteja Kocherla</author>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>3D Concrete Printing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In Situ Measurements</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser reflection intensity</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Green Intelligent Building</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/64304/9367.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59817</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>131</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>139</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>145</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Trans Tech Publications</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Baech</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Calculating rheological properties of fresh mortar for additive manufacturing based on experimental, multi-sensor data</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Additive manufacturing of concrete structures is a novel and emerging technology. Freecontouring in civil engineering, which allows for entirely new designs, is a significant advantage. Inthe future, lower construction costs are expected with increased construction speeds and decreasingrequired materials and workers. However, architects and civil engineers rely on a certain quality ofexecution to fulfil construction standards. Although several techniques and approaches demonstratethe advantages, quality control during printing is highly challenging and rarely applied. Due to thecontinuous mixing process commonly used in 3D concrete printing, it is impossible to exclude varia-tions in the dry mixture or water content, and a test sample cannot be taken as a representative samplefor the whole structure. Although mortar properties vary only locally, a defect in one layer duringprinting could affect the entire integrity of the whole structure . Therefore, real-time process monitor-ing is required to record and document the printing process.At the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) a new test rig for the additive man-ufacturing of concrete is built. The primary purpose is measuring and monitoring the properties of amortar during the printing process.The following study investigates an approach for calculating yield stress and plastic viscosity based onexperimentally recorded pressure data. The calculations assume that fresh mortar behaves as a Bing-ham fluid and that the Buckingham-Reiner-equation is applicable. A test setup consisting of rigid pipeswith integrated pressure sensors at different positions is utilized.Monitoring the printing process with different sensors is crucial for the quality control of an ongoingprocess.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Advances in science and technology</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.4028/p-EV4gPv</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-598179</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1662-0356</identifier>
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Freecontouring in civil engineering, which allows for entirely new designs, is a significant advantage. Inthe future, lower construction costs are expected with increased construction speeds and decreasingrequired materials and workers. However, architects and civil engineers rely on a certain quality ofexecution to fulfil construction standards. Although several techniques and approaches demonstratethe advantages, quality control during printing is highly challenging and rarely applied. Due to thecontinuous mixing process commonly used in 3D concrete printing, it is impossible to exclude varia-tions in the dry mixture or water content, and a test sample cannot be taken as a representative samplefor the whole structure. Although mortar properties vary only locally, a defect in one layer duringprinting could affect the entire integrity of the whole structure . Therefore, real-time process monitor-ing is required to record and document the printing process.At the Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und -pr\u00fcfung (BAM) a new test rig for the additive man-ufacturing of concrete is built. The primary purpose is measuring and monitoring the properties of amortar during the printing process.The following study investigates an approach for calculating yield stress and plastic viscosity based onexperimentally recorded pressure data. The calculations assume that fresh mortar behaves as a Bing-ham fluid and that the Buckingham-Reiner-equation is applicable. A test setup consisting of rigid pipeswith integrated pressure sensors at different positions is utilized.Monitoring the printing process with different sensors is crucial for the quality control of an ongoingprocess.&lt;\/jats:p&gt;","DOI":"10.4028\/p-ev4gpv","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T08:57:25Z","timestamp":1711702645000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Calculating Rheological Properties of Fresh Mortar for Additive Manufacturing Based on Experimental, Multi-Sensor Data"],"prefix":"10.4028","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2353-8781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Schoensee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und -pr\u00fcfung (BAM)"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1463-0308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00f6tz","family":"H\u00fcsken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und -pr\u00fcfung (BAM)"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Jeyifous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und -pr\u00fcfung (BAM)"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2880-8354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Mezhov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und -pr\u00fcfung (BAM)"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2644-7284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Strangfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und -pr\u00fcfung (BAM)"}]}],"member":"2457","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"5016112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2011.06.010","article-title":"Developments in construction-scale additive manufacturing processes","volume":"21","author":"Lim","unstructured":"S. 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Salet et al. \"Design of a 3D printed concrete bridge by testing\". In: Virtual and Physical Prototyping 13.3 (2018), pp.222-236. ISSN: 1745-2759 1745-2767. DOI: 10.1080\/ 17452759.2018.1476064.","journal-title":"Virtual and Physical Prototyping","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1745-2767","issn-type":"electronic"},{"key":"5016115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cscm.2022.e01442","article-title":"Toward automated construction: The design-to-printing workflow for a robotic in-situ 3D printed house","volume":"17","author":"Xu","unstructured":"Weiguo Xu et al. \"Toward automated construction: The design-to-printing workflow for a robotic in-situ 3D printed house\". In: Case Studies in Construction Materials 17 (2022), e01442. ISSN: 2214-5095. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cscm.2022.e01442. URL: https: \/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2214509522005745.","journal-title":"Case Studies in Construction Materials"},{"key":"5016116","unstructured":"Christoph Strangfeld et al. \"Introduction of a monitoring system for Bingham fluids in additive manufacturing with concrete\". In: International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering (NDTCE 2022), pp.1-12. URL: https : \/ \/ opus4 . kobv . de \/ opus4 - bam \/ frontdoor\/index\/index\/docId\/55636%20https:\/\/nbn-resolving.org\/urn:nbn:de: kobv:b43-556367."},{"key":"5016117","unstructured":"G. H. Tattersall and P. F. G Banfill. The Rheology of Fresh Concrete. PITMAN PUBLISHING INC, 1983. ISBN: 0-273-08558-1."},{"issue":"5","key":"5016118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13051161","article-title":"Experimental Investigation of the Pumping of a Model-Concrete through Pipes","volume":"13","author":"Haustein","year":"2020","unstructured":"M. A. Haustein, M. N. Kluwe, and R. Schwarze. \"Experimental Investigation of the Pumping of a Model-Concrete through Pipes\". In: Materials 13.5 (2020).","journal-title":"Materials","ISSN":"http:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1996-1944","issn-type":"electronic"},{"key":"5016119","unstructured":"M. Sakuta. \"PUMPABILITY AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIE OF FRESH CONCRETE\". In: Proceedings of Conference on Quality Control of Concrete Structures (1979)."},{"key":"5016120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"European Committee for Standardization. DIN EN 1015-7 Methods of test for mortar for masonry - Part 7: Determination of air content of fresh mortar. 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Standard. 2019.","DOI":"10.3403\/01541440"},{"key":"5016123","unstructured":"BIPM et al. Evaluation of measurement data - Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology, JCGM 100:2008. URL: https:\/\/www. bipm.org\/documents\/20126\/2071204\/JCGM%5C_100%5C_2008%5C_E.pdf\/cb0ef43fbaa5-11cf-3f85-4dcd86f77bd6."},{"key":"5644518","unstructured":"European committee for standardization. Industrial platinum resistance thermometers and platinum temperature sensors(IEC 60751:2008);German version EN 60751:2008. Standard. 2009."},{"key":"5016125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Heinz Schade et al. \"I-VIII\". In: Str\u00f6mungslehre. Berlin \u2022 New York: De Gruyter, 2007, pp. I- VIII. ISBN: 9783110189728. DOI:.","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110189728.fm"}],"event":{"name":"Non-Traditional Cement and Concrete 2023 conference","location":"Brno, Czech Republic","acronym":"NTCC2023","number":"7","start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,25]]},"end":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]]}},"container-title":["7th Non-Traditional Cement and Concrete","Advances in Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.scientific.net\/AST.145.131.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T20:00:57Z","timestamp":1712260857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.scientific.net\/AST.145.131"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"references-count":14,"URL":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.4028\/p-ev4gpv","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-0356"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-0356","type":"electronic"}],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]}}}</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="eventName">Non-Traditional Cement and Concrete 2023 Conference</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Brno, Czech Republic</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="eventEnd">28.06.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Eric Schönsee</author>
    <author>Götz Hüsken</author>
    <author>Olubunmi Anthony Jeyifous</author>
    <author>Alexander Mezhov</author>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>3DCP</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Rheology</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bingham fluid</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Concrete printing</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Leichtbau</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/59817/AST.145.131 (1).pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65343</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>17</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>45</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer Nature</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influences of Surface Properties on the Reflection Intensity - Towards in Situ Monitoring During Early Age Hydration of CEM I</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Interlayer bonding in 3D concrete printing is influenced by the hydration progress and surface moisture of the previously printed layer. For effective quality control, continuous in situ monitoring of interlayer surface properties is required. This study investigated reflection intensity as a method for in situ measurements during the hydration of CEM I mixtures with varying retarder contents. Additional factors influencing the reflection intensity are also examined. Two laser line scanners with different wavelengths were used to track hydration over 72 h. Vicat tests and isothermal calorimetry served as reference methods. Across all the mixtures, the reflection intensity exhibited a repeatable pattern with five different stages. A sharp increase in intensity during the third stage was consistent with the acceleration period of hydration. These findings suggest that reflection intensity measurements could serve as a promising tool for evaluating interlayer bonding in 3D concrete printing.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s10921-025-01326-2</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-653430</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1573-4862</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">19.01.2026</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Eric Schönsee</author>
    <author>Götz Hüsken</author>
    <author>Amarteja Kocherla</author>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>In situ hydration monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Optical methods</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reflection intensity</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Isothermal calorimetry</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Green Intelligent Building</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/65343/s10921-025-01326-2.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63832</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>31</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Sage Publications</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A comprehensive experimental assessment of reinforced concrete walls under blast: In situ monitoring of loading, dynamic response and damage with NDT methods and embedded sensors</title>
    <abstract language="eng">A safety or security related assessment of explosions, accidental and intentional scenarios alike, often necessitate performance of resource intensive replication tests. For an efficient assessment without performing full scale blast tests, e.g., supported by numerical simulations, detailed knowledge is necessary to predict the blast loading from a given charge configuration, the resulting dynamic response of the structure under investigation as well as the resulting damage. Validation of numerical simulation requires the spatially resolved acquisition of all these parameters in real time. In this paper we present a set of measurement techniques and discuss their suitability for monitoring reinforced concrete (RC) walls under blast loading. Different blast-loading scenarios were realized by varying the charge weight and the standoff distance. The dynamic loading of the wall was characterized with pressure sensors complemented by numerical simulations using the APOLLO Blastsimulator and ConWep. High speed digital image correlation (DIC) was implemented in combination with multiple acceleration sensors to observe the dynamic deflection of the walls during the loading and to determine the residual deformation after the loading had ceased. In addition, one test specimen was instrumented with fiber optic sensor cables. These fiber optic sensors were used for distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) delivering information on dynamics of compression and tension cycles from within the structure. Additionally, the local damage pattern emerging during the series of blasts was determined via distributed fiber optic strain sensing (DSS) to enable the characterization of visual and non-visual damage to the structure. The obtained information was compared to results by an ultrasound structure-scanner.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">International Journal of Protective Structures</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2041-4196</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1177/20414196251353795</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus_doi_flag">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_crossrefDocumentType">journal-article</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="local_import_origin">crossref</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">doi-import</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">31.07.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="PaperofMonth">1</enrichment>
    <author>Amit Agasty</author>
    <author>Rene Costard</author>
    <author>Daniel Kadoke</author>
    <author>Thomas Kind</author>
    <author>Konstantin Hicke</author>
    <author>Götz Hüsken</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Blast testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reinforced concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NDT methods</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fiber optic sensing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DIC</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Numerical simulations</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>APOLLO Blastsimulator</value>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
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  <doc>
    <id>55636</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>12</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
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    <title language="eng">Introduction of a monitoring system for Bingham fluids in additive manufacturing with concrete</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Freeform additive manufacturing of concrete structures is a rising technology in civil engineering with several fascinating advantages. Nonetheless, to ensure reliability and structural integrity, standards and quality control are required in the future to bring this technology into the market. As the concrete is manufactured continuously, continuous quality control of the printing process is also required, i.e. comprehensive process monitoring. At BAM, a test rig will be installed, enabling the printing of concrete structures with a maximum size of 2 m x 1 m x 1 m (l x w x h). Here, process monitoring is the focus of the test rig. In this study, we show the results of the first pump tests, including the measurement of several parameters such as temperature and pressure along the supply system, i.e. from the concrete pump to the printer head.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">International Symposium Non-Destructive Testing in Civil Engineering (NDTCE 2022)</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-556367</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">NDT-CE 2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Zurich, Switzerland</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">16.08.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">18.08.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Christoph Strangfeld</author>
    <author>Eric Schönsee</author>
    <author>Olubunmi Anthony Jeyifous</author>
    <author>Alexander Mezhov</author>
    <author>Götz Hüsken</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing of concrete</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Non-destructive testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bingham fluid</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.4 Baustofftechnologie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
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    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/55636/Strangfeld_2022_Introduction of a monitoring system for Bingham fluids.pdf</file>
  </doc>
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