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    <id>57861</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
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    <type>poster</type>
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    <publisherPlace/>
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    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
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    <title language="eng">Phenotypic and evolutionary responses of bacteria to disinfection</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Disinfectants are important to prevent the transmission of pathogens, especially in the face of the current antibiotic resistance crisis. The crisis is further exacerbated by phenotypically tolerant persister subpopulations that can survive transient antibiotic treatment and facilitate resistance evolution. Despite the transient nature of disinfectant application, persistence to disinfectants and its role for the evolution of tolerance and cross-resistance to antibiotics has not been studied. Our work shows that E. coli displays persistence against several widely used disinfectants, including benzalkonium chloride (BAC), didecyldimethylammoniumchlorid (DDAC) and isopropanol. The molecular mechanism of BAC persistence is triggered in stationary phase and affected by several antibiotic persister genes (hipA, tisB, tolC, relA, spoT). Experimental evolution and population dynamic modeling show that repeated failure of disinfection due to persisters rapidly selects for BAC tolerance underpinned by reduced cell surface charge due to mutations in genes related to lipid A acylation (lpxML). Furthermore, evolved BAC tolerance affects the susceptibility to antibiotics, leading to positive selection of disinfectant tolerant strains at environmentally relevant antibiotic concentrations and variations in evolvability of antibiotic resistance due to epistatic effects. These results highlight the need for faithful application of disinfectants to steward their efficacy and the efficacy of antibiotics. A better understanding of the bacterial response to disinfectants is crucial to understand and avert the ongoing antimicrobial resistance crisis.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Gordon Research Conference - Molecular mechanisms of evolution</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Easton, MA, United States</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">25.06.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">30.06.2023</enrichment>
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    <author>Frank Schreiber</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antimicrobial resistance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bacteria</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Disinfection</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biocides</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53167</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
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    <type>poster</type>
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    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Persistence against benzalkonium chloride promotes rapid evolution of tolerance under periodic disinfection</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Biocides used as disinfectants are important to prevent the transmission of pathogens, especially during the current antibiotic resistance crisis. This crisis is exacerbated by phenotypically tolerant persister subpopulations which can survive transient antibiotic treatment and facilitate resistance evolution. Despite the transient nature of disinfection, knowledge concerning persistence to disinfectants and its link to resistance evolution is currently lacking. Here, we show that E. coli displays persistence against a widely used disinfectant benzalkonium chloride (BAC). Periodic, persister-mediated failure of disinfection rapidly selects for BAC tolerance. BAC tolerance is associated with reduced cell surface charge and mutations in the novel tolerance locus lpxM. Moreover, the fitness cost incurred by BAC tolerance turned into a fitness benefit in the presence of antibiotics, suggesting a selective advantage of BAC-tolerant mutants in antibiotic environments. Our findings provide a mechanistic underpinning for the faithful application of disinfectants to prevent multi-drug-resistance evolution and to steward the efficacy of biocides and antibiotics.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">World Microbe Forum (ASM, FEMS)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">20.06.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">24.06.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
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    <author>Niclas Nordholt</author>
    <author>Frank Schreiber</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Persistence</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biocides</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Evolution</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cross-resistance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biocide tolerance</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56265</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
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    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
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    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">BIOCIDE</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This presentation gives an overview about the BIOCIDE project performed with the Aquatic Pollutants joint call.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Aquatic Pollutants TransNet workshop</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">09.11.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">09.11.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <author>Frank Schreiber</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antimicrobial resistance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bacteria</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biofilms</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biocides</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Risk assessment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Wastewater</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56236</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Resistenzen von Bakterien gegen Biozide – Evolution, Mechanismen und Methoden</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Diese Präsentation gibt einen Überblick über die Aktivitäten zum Thema Biozidresistenz an der BAM.</abstract>
    <identifier type="url">https://vimeo.com/722198443</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Life Science Nord - Online-Update Hygiene und Infektionsprävention</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">14.06.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">14.06.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <author>Frank Schreiber</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antimikrobielle Resistenz</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antmikrobielle Oberflächen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Standardisierung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biozide</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Risikobewertung</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61546</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
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    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Resistance evolution towards biocides and antimicrobial surfaces</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This talk discusses resistance evolution towards biocides and antimicrobial surfaces. It shows (i) that biocides affect rates of mutation and horizontal gene transfer, (ii) that biocides show heterogeneous killing facilitating tolerance evolution, and (iii) that biocides and antibiotics show strong combination effect on growth and selection.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">STOP project internal seminar</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">24.04.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">24.04.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
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    <author>Frank Schreiber</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antimicrobial resistance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bacteria</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Standardization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biocides</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antimicrobial surfaces</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53162</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Physiological and evolutionary consequences of exposing Pseudomonas aeruginosa to biocide-antibiotic combinations</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Antimicrobials can exert specific physiological effects when used in combination that are different from those when applied alone. These effects include physiological effects (i.e. synergy, antagonism and suppression) as well as evolutionary effects on the selection of resistant strains (i.e. cross-resistance and collateral sensitivity). While combination effects have been extensively mapped for antibiotic-antibiotic combinations, the combination effects of antibiotics with antimicrobials used as biocides or antiseptics have not been systematically investigated.&#13;
Here, we investigated the physiological and evolutionary consequences of combinations of antibiotics (meropenem, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin) and substances used as biocides or antiseptics (octenidine, benzalkonium chloride, cetrimonium bromide, chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine, silver) on growth and selection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We find prevalent physiological combination effects with synergy occurring 6 times and antagonism occurring 10 times. The effects are specific to the antibiotic-biocide combination with meropenem showing a tendency for antagonism with biocides (6 of 7), while gentamicin has a tendency for synergy (5 of 7). A particular strong antagonism is apparent for the meropenem-chlorhexidine combination, for which we conducted an in-depth study on the underlying molecular mechanism using RNASeq. Moreover, we find widespread effects of the biocide-antibiotic combinations on selection of P. aeruginosa strains resistant to the antibiotics, including cross-resistance and collateral sensitivity.&#13;
In conclusion, antibiotics and biocides or antiseptics exert physiological and evolutionary combination effects on the pathogen P. aeruginosa. These effects have consequences for the efficacy of both types of substances and for the selection of antimicrobial resistant strains in clinical applications with combined exposure (e.g. wound care, coated biomaterials).</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Antimicrobial Resistance in Biofilms and on Biomaterials</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">10.06.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
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    <author>Frank Schreiber</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antimicrobial resistance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antimicrobial coating</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biofilms</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53165</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Physiological and evolutionary consequences of exposing Pseudomonas aeruginosa to biocide-antibiotic combinations</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Antimicrobials can exert specific physiological effects when used in combination that are different from those when applied alone. These effects include physiological effects (i.e. synergy, antagonism and suppression) as well as evolutionary effects on the selection of resistant strains (i.e. cross-resistance and collateral sensitivity). While combination effects have been extensively mapped for antibiotic-antibiotic combinations, the combination effects of antibiotics with antimicrobials used as biocides or antiseptics have not been systematically investigated.&#13;
&#13;
Here, we investigated the physiological and evolutionary consequences of combinations of antibiotics (meropenem, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin) and substances used as biocides or antiseptics (octenidine, benzalkonium chloride, cetrimonium bromide, chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine, silver) on growth and selection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We find prevalent physiological combination effects with synergy occurring 6 times and antagonism occurring 10 times. The effects are specific to the antibiotic-biocide combination with meropenem showing a tendency for antagonism with biocides (6 of 7), while gentamicin has a tendency for synergy (5 of 7). A particular strong antagonism is apparent for the meropenem-chlorhexidine combination, for which we conducted an in-depth study on the underlying molecular mechanism using RNASeq. Moreover, we find widespread effects of the biocide-antibiotic combinations on selection of P. aeruginosa strains resistant to the antibiotics, including cross-resistance and collateral sensitivity.&#13;
&#13;
In conclusion, antibiotics and biocides or antiseptics exert physiological and evolutionary combination effects on the pathogen P. aeruginosa. These effects have consequences for the efficacy of both types of substances and for the selection of antimicrobial resistant strains in clinical applications with combined exposure (e.g. wound care, coated biomaterials).</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">ASM-FEMS World Microbe Forum</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">20.06.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">24.06.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Frank Schreiber</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antimicrobial resistance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antagonism</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biofilms</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59062</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Risk Assessment of Biocide Resistance</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This presentation details approaches for the risk assessment of biocide resistance. Different methods are presented to acquire the necessary data for such risk assessments.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">OECD, 7th Meeting of the Working Party on Biocides</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Leiden, Netherlands</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">18.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">19.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <author>Frank Schreiber</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antimicrobial resistance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bacteria</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Standardization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biocides</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60244</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Evolutionary implications of heterogeneous disinfectant tolerance</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Introduction: Effective disinfection is crucial to maintain hygiene and to prevent the spread of infections. Phenotypic heterogeneity in disinfection survival (i.e. tolerance) may result in failure of disinfection, which in turn may foster the evolution of resistance to both disinfectants and antibiotics.   However, the consequences of phenotypic heterogeneity for disinfection outcome and resistance evolution are not well understood. Goal: This study investigates the impact of phenotypic heterogeneity on the survival and evolution of Escherichia coli during disinfection with six commonly used substances. Furthermore, the consequences of evolved disinfectant tolerance for antibiotic resistance evolution are studied. Materials &amp; Methods: The extent of population heterogeneity during disinfection is derived by determining time-kill kinetics and analysis with mathematical modelling. The link between population heterogeneity and evolvability of disinfectant tolerance was assessed by laboratory evolution experiments under periodic disinfection. The ability of disinfectant tolerant strains to evolve antibiotic resistance is assessed by serial transfer experiments with increasing concentrations of different antibiotics and by whole genome sequencing. Results: Multi-modal time-kill kinetics in three of the six disinfectants suggest the presence of disinfectant-tolerant subpopulations (i.e. persister cells). Importantly, the ability and extent to evolve population-wide tolerance under periodic disinfection is related with the presence of persister cells and the level of phenotypic heterogeneity during disinfection. Interestingly, the probability of high-level resistance evolution to certain antibiotics is attenuated in disinfectant tolerant strains as compared to the sensitive ancestor.  Whole-genome sequencing reveals epistatic interactions between disinfectant tolerance and antibiotic resistance mutations, preventing access to canonical evolutionary paths to resistance. Summary: Our findings suggest that phenotypic heterogeneity can facilitate disinfection survival and the evolution of population wide tolerance, which can impact future antibiotic resistance evolution.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Vereinigung Allgemeiner und Angewandter Mikrobiobiologie Jahreskongress 2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Würzburg, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">02.06.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">05.06.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Niclas Nordholt</author>
    <author>Orestis Kanaris</author>
    <author>Dominique Lewerenz</author>
    <author>Annett Gödt</author>
    <author>Frank Schreiber</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biocide</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Resistance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Persistence</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Evolution</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Herteogeneous phenotypes</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61559</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>researchdata</type>
    <publisherName>National Library of Biotechnology Information</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Bethesda</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM)</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Differential selection for survival and for growth in adaptive laboratory evolution experiments with benzalkonium chloride</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Biocides are used to control microorganisms across different applications, but emerging resistance may pose risks for those applications. Resistance to biocides has commonly been studied using adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) experiments with growth at subinhibitory concentrations linked to serial subculturing. It has been shown recently that E. coli adapts to repeated lethal stress imposed by the biocide benzalkonium chloride (BAC) by increased survival (i.e. tolerance) and not by evolving the ability to grow at increased concentrations (i.e. resistance). Here, we investigate the contributions of evolution for tolerance as opposed to resistance for the outcome of ALE experiments with E. coli exposed to BAC. We find that BAC concentrations close to the half maximal effective concentration (EC50, 4.36 µg mL-1) show initial killing (~40%) before the population resumes growth. This indicates that cells face a two-fold selection pressure: for increased survival and for increased growth. To disentangle the effects of both selection pressures, we conducted two ALE experiments: (i) one with initial killing and continued stress close to the EC50 during growth and (ii) another with initial killing and no stress during growth. Phenotypic characterization of adapted populations showed that growth at higher BAC concentrations was only selected for when BAC was present during growth. Whole genome sequencing revealed distinct differences in mutated genes across treatments. Treatments selecting solely for survival led to mutations in genes for metabolic regulation (cyaA) and cellular structure (flagella fliJ), while treatments selecting for growth and survival led to mutations in genes related to stress response (hslO and tufA). Our results demonstrate that serial subculture ALE experiments with an antimicrobial at sub-inhibitory concentrations can select for increased growth and survival. This finding has implications for the design of ALE experiments to assess resistance risks of antimicrobials in different scenarios such as disinfection, preservation, and environmental pollution.</abstract>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA1074740</identifier>
    <enrichment key="ScientificResourceTypeGeneral">Datensatz</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="ScientificDateCreatedStart">01.01.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="ScientificDateCreatedEnd">20.12.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="ScientificGeolocation">Berlin</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="RelatedIdentifier">https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-615496</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Allgemeines Deutsches Urheberrecht</licence>
    <author>Frank Schreiber</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antimicrobial resistance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bacteria</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Standardization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biocides</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Forschungsdatensätze der BAM</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53168</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Persistence against benzalkonium chloride promotes rapid evolution of tolerance under periodic disinfection</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Biocides used as disinfectants are important to prevent the transmission of pathogens, especially during the current antibiotic resistance crisis. This crisis is exacerbated by phenotypically tolerant persister subpopulations which can survive transient antibiotic treatment and facilitate resistance evolution. Despite the transient nature of disinfection, knowledge concerning persistence to disinfectants and its link to resistance evolution is currently lacking. Here, we show that E. coli displays persistence against a widely used disinfectant benzalkonium chloride (BAC). Periodic, persister-mediated failure of disinfection rapidly selects for BAC tolerance. BAC tolerance is associated with reduced cell surface charge and mutations in the novel tolerance locus lpxM. Moreover, the fitness cost incurred by BAC tolerance turned into a fitness benefit in the presence of antibiotics, suggesting a selective advantage of BAC-tolerant mutants in antibiotic environments. Our findings provide a mechanistic underpinning for the faithful application of disinfectants to prevent multi-drug-resistance evolution and to steward the efficacy of biocides and antibiotics.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">New Approaches and Concepts in Microbiology</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">07.07.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">09.07.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Frank Schreiber</author>
    <author>Niclas Nordholt</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Persistence</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biocides</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Evolution</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cross-resistance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biocide tolerance</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65221</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>researchdata</type>
    <publisherName>National Library of Medicine</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Bethesda</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Consequences of benzalkonium chloride tolerance for selection dynamics and de novode novo resistance evolution driven by antibiotics</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Biocides are used in large amounts in industrial, medical, and domestic settings. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is a commonly used biocide, for which previous research revealed that Escherichia coli can rapidly adapt to tolerate BAC-disinfection, with consequences for antibiotic susceptibility. However, the consequences of BAC- tolerance for selection dynamics and resistance evolution to antibiotics remain unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of BAC -tolerance in E. coli on its response upon challenge with different antibiotics. Competition assays showed that subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin—but not ampicillin, colistin and gentamicin—select for the BAC-tolerant strain over the BAC-sensitive ancestor at a minimal selective concentration of 0.0013–0.0022 µg∙mL−1. In contrast, the BAC-sensitive ancestor was more likely to evolve resistance to ciprofloxacin, colistin and gentamicin than the BAC-tolerant strain when adapted to higher concentrations of antibiotics in a serial transfer laboratory evolution experiment. The observed difference in the evolvability of resistance to ciprofloxacin was partly explained by an epistatic interaction between the mutations conferring BAC -tolerance and a knockout mutation in ompF encoding for the outer membrane porin F. Taken together, these findings suggest that BAC -tolerance can be stabilized in environments containing low concentrations of ciprofloxacin, while it also constrains evolutionary pathways towards antibiotic resistance.</abstract>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/?term=PRJNA1282584</identifier>
    <enrichment key="ScientificResourceTypeGeneral">Datensatz</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="ScientificDateCreatedStart">01.03.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="ScientificDateCreatedEnd">01.10.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="ScientificGeolocation">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Allgemeines Deutsches Urheberrecht</licence>
    <author>Frank Schreiber</author>
    <author>Orestis Kanaris</author>
    <author>Niclas Nordholt</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antimicrobial surfaces</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biocides</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antimicrobial resistance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antibiotics</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Forschungsdatensätze der BAM</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57860</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Bakterielle Resistenzen und Toleranzen gegen Desinfektionsmittel und antimikrobielle Oberflächen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Dieser Vortrag beschreibt die Entstehung von bakteriellen Resistenzen und Toleranzen gegen Desinfektionsmittel und antimikrobielle Oberflächen.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Fachtagung für Krankenhaushygiene der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Krankenhaushygiene</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Essen, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.05.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">13.05.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <author>Frank Schreiber</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antimikrobielle Resistenz</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antmikrobielle Oberflächen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Standardisierung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biozide</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56262</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Biocides As Drivers For Antimicrobial Resistance Evolution In The Environment</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem with the environment being an important compartment for the evolution, selection and transmission of AMR. These processes are impacted by pollution with antibiotics. However, biocides used as disinfectants and material preservatives are major pollutants by far excceding the market for antibiotics in terms of mass. Our work shows that biocides have the potential to affect evolutionary processes towards AMR by increasing the rates of de-novo mutation and conjugation. These effects depend on the species and biocidal substance. Importantly, chlorhexidine and quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) affect rates of mutation and conjugation at environmentally relevant concentrations in E. coli. Moreover, our results show a connection between the RpoS-mediated general stress and the RecA-linked SOS response with increased rates of mutation and conjugation, but not for all biocides. Furthermore, our work highlights the potential of biocides to contribute to selection and transmission of AMR. We show that the application of biocides, especially QAC disinfectants, leads to the rapid evolution of tolerance (i.e. increased survival) in adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) experiments. The evolved tolerant strains have a selective advantage in the presence of environmentally-relevant concentrations of antibiotics, which could lead to the stabilization of biocide tolerance in environments where biocides and antibiotics co-occur (e.g. wastewater, animal stables). ALE experiments with biocide tolerant strains indicate a decreased evolvability of resistance to antibiotics. Taken together, our work shows the importance of assessing the contribution of biocides on evolution, selection and transmission of AMR in the environment.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">6th Environmental Dimension of Antibiotic Resistance (EDAR6)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Gothenburg, Sweden</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">22.09.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">27.09.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Frank Schreiber</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antimicrobial resistance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antimicrobial coating</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biofilms</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biocides</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Risk assessment</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>55261</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>13</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>437</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Biocides used as material preservatives modify rates of de novo mutation and horizontal gene transfer in bacteria</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem with the environment being an important compartment for the evolution and transmission of AMR. Previous studies showed that de-novo mutagenesis and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) by conjugation or transformation – important processes underlying resistance evolution and spread - are affected by antibiotics, metals and pesticides. However, natural microbial communities are also frequently exposed to biocides used as material preservatives, but it is unknown if these substances induce mutagenesis and HGT. Here, we show that active substances used in material preservatives can increase rates of mutation and conjugation in a species- and substance-dependent manner, while rates of transformation are not increased. The bisbiguanide chlorhexidine digluconate, the quaternary ammonium compound didecyldimethylammonium chloride, the metal copper, the pyrethroid-insecticide permethrin, and the azole-fungicide propiconazole increase mutation rates in Escherichia coli, whereas no increases were identified for Bacillus subtilis and Acinetobacter baylyi.&#13;
Benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine and permethrin increased conjugation in E. coli. Moreover, our results show a connection between the RpoS-mediated general stress and the RecA-linked SOS response with increased rates of mutation and conjugation, but not for all biocides. Taken together, our data show the importance of assessing the contribution of material preservatives on AMR evolution and spread.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of hazardous materials</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129280</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0304-3894</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">18.07.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="PaperofMonth">1</enrichment>
    <author>Selina Schmidt</author>
    <author>A. Rodríguez-Rojas</author>
    <author>J. Rolff</author>
    <author>Frank Schreiber</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mutation rate</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Horizontal gene transfer</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biocides</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61548</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Resistance evolution towards biocides and antimicrobial surfaces</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This talk discusses the work at BAM concerning Resistance evolution towards biocides and antimicrobial surfaces. It shows (i) that biocides affect rates of mutation and horizontal gene transfer, (ii) that biocides show heterogeneous killing facilitating tolerance evolution, and (iii) that biocides and antibiotics show strong combination effect on growth and selection.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Exchange seminar with Nottingham Trent University</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">03.09.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">03.09.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Frank Schreiber</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antimicrobial resistance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bacteria</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Standardization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biocides</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antimicrobial surfaces</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61558</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>researchdata</type>
    <publisherName>Dryad</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM)</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Differential selection for survival and for growth in adaptive laboratory evolution experiments with benzalkonium chloride</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Biocides are used to control microorganisms across different applications, but emerging resistance may pose risks for those applications. Resistance to biocides has commonly been studied using adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) experiments with growth at subinhibitory concentrations linked to serial subculturing. It has been shown recently that E. coli adapts to repeated lethal stress imposed by the biocide benzalkonium chloride (BAC) by increased survival (i.e. tolerance) and not by evolving the ability to grow at increased concentrations (i.e. resistance). Here, we investigate the contributions of evolution for tolerance as opposed to resistance for the outcome of ALE experiments with E. coli exposed to BAC. We find that BAC concentrations close to the half maximal effective concentration (EC50, 4.36 µg mL-1) show initial killing (~40%) before the population resumes growth. This indicates that cells face a two-fold selection pressure: for increased survival and for increased growth. To disentangle the effects of both selection pressures, we conducted two ALE experiments: (i) one with initial killing and continued stress close to the EC50 during growth and (ii) another with initial killing and no stress during growth. Phenotypic characterization of adapted populations showed that growth at higher BAC concentrations was only selected for when BAC was present during growth. Whole genome sequencing revealed distinct differences in mutated genes across treatments. Treatments selecting solely for survival led to mutations in genes for metabolic regulation (cyaA) and cellular structure (flagella fliJ), while treatments selecting for growth and survival led to mutations in genes related to stress response (hslO and tufA). Our results demonstrate that serial subculture ALE experiments with an antimicrobial at sub-inhibitory concentrations can select for increased growth and survival. This finding has implications for the design of ALE experiments to assess resistance risks of antimicrobials in different scenarios such as disinfection, preservation, and environmental pollution.</abstract>
    <identifier type="doi">10.5061/dryad.2jm63xszx</identifier>
    <enrichment key="ScientificResourceTypeGeneral">Datensatz</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="ScientificDateCreatedStart">01.01.2020</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="ScientificDateCreatedEnd">20.12.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="ScientificGeolocation">Berlin</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="RelatedIdentifier">https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-615496</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC0 1.0 - Universell - Public Domain Dedication</licence>
    <author>Frank Schreiber</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antimicrobial resistance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Bacteria</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Standardization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biocides</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Forschungsdatensätze der BAM</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>53645</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Selection of resistance by antimicrobials used in coatings</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Antimicrobial surfaces have broad use in multiple settings including touch surfaces in hospitals, implanted devices, or consumer products. Their aim is to support existing hygiene procedures, and to help combat the increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance. However, concerns have been raised over the potential selection pressure exerted by such surfaces, which might drive the evolution and spread of antimicrobial resistance. In my presentation, I will highlight the risks and knowledge gaps associated with resistance on antimicrobial surfaces by different processes including evolution by de novo mutations and horizontal gene transfer, and species sorting of inherently resistant bacteria dispersed onto antimicrobial surfaces. The latter process has the potential to select for antibiotic resistance via cross-resistance between traits that confer resistance to both the antimicrobial surface coating and antibiotics. Conditions in which antibiotics and antimicrobial coatings are present simultaneously (e.g. implants) will lead to more complex interactions that can either result in the selection for or against antibiotic resistance. We mapped these interactions between several antimicrobials and antibiotics on growth and selection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We find prevalent physiological (i.e. synergy and antagonism) and evolutionary (i.e. cross-resistance and collateral sensitivity) combination effects. Understanding these interactions opens the door to tailor therapeutic interventions to select against resistance. In additions, we need new methods and translational studies that investigate resistance development to antimicrobial surfaces under realistic conditions. Therefore, I will present recent developments in our lab on the development of such a method based on existing efficacy standards.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">2021 Fall Meeting of the European Materials Research Society (E-MRS)</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">20.09.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">23.09.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Frank Schreiber</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antimicrobial resistance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antimicrobial coating</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biofilms</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Biocides</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51519</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>160</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>171</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>68</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier Ltd.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Mussel-inspired multifunctional coating for bacterial infection prevention and osteogenic induction</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Bacterial infection and osteogenic integration are the two main problems that cause severe complications after surgeries. In this study, the antibacterial and osteogenic properties were simultaneously introduced in biomaterials, where copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were generated by in situ reductions of Cu ions into a mussel-inspired hyperbranched polyglycerol (MI-hPG) coating via a simple dip-coating method. This hyperbranched polyglycerol with 10 % catechol groups’ modification presents excellent antifouling property, which could effectively reduce bacteria adhesion on the surface. In this work, polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun fiber membrane was selected as the substrate, which is commonly used in biomedical implants in bone regeneration and cardiovascular stents because of its good biocompatibility and easy post-modification. The as-fabricated CuNPs-incorporated PCL membrane [PCL-(MI-hPG)-CuNPs] was confirmed with effective antibacterial performance via in vitro antibacterial tests against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and multi-resistant E. coli. In addition, the in vitro results demonstrated that osteogenic property of PCL-(MI-hPG)-CuNPs was realized by upregulating the osteoblast-related gene expressions and protein activity. This study shows that antibacterial and osteogenic properties can be balanced in a surface coating by introducing CuNPs.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Materials Science &amp; Technology</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.jmst.2020.08.011</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1005-0302</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">01.04.2021</enrichment>
    <author>M. Li</author>
    <author>C. Schlaich</author>
    <author>J. Zhang</author>
    <author>Ievgen Donskyi</author>
    <author>Karin Schwibbert</author>
    <author>Frank Schreiber</author>
    <author>Y. Xia</author>
    <author>Jörg Radnik</author>
    <author>T. Schwerdtle</author>
    <author>R. Haag</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mussel-inspired coating</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CuNPs</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Multi-resistant bacteria</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antibacterial</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antifouling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Osteogenesis</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4 Material und Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Advanced Materials</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
