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  <doc>
    <id>58493</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Experimental and numerical study on grain refinement in electromagnetic assisted laser beam welding of 5754 al alloy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Through experimental observation and auxiliary numerical simulation, this investigation studies the different types of grain refinement of 5754 aluminum alloy laser beam welding by applying a transverse oscillating magnetic field. Scanning electron microscope results have proved that the application of a magnetic field can reduce the average crystal branch width and increase its number. The interaction between the induced eddy current generated by the Seebeck effect and the applied external magnetic field produces a Lorentz force, which is important for the increase in the number of crystal branches. Based on the theory of dendrite fragmentation and the magnetic field-induced branches increment, the grain size reduction caused by the magnetic field is studied. Furthermore, the effects of the magnetic field are ana lyzed by combining a phase field method model and simulations of nucleation and grain growth. The grain distribution and average grain size after welding verify the reliability of the model. In addition, the introduction of a magnetic field can increase the number of periodic three-dimensional solidification patterns. In the intersection of two periods of solidification patterns, the metal can be re-melted and then re-solidified, which prevents the grains, that have been solidified and formed previously, from further growth and generates some small cel lular grains in the new fusion line. The magnetic field increases the building frequency of these solidification structures and thus promotes this kind of grain refinement.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">ICALEO 2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Chicago, IL, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">16.10.2023</enrichment>
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    <author>Chunliang Yang</author>
    <author>Fan Yang</author>
    <author>Xiangmeng Meng</author>
    <author>Marcel Bachmann</author>
    <author>Stephen Nugraha Putra</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Magnetic field</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Crystal branch development</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Grain refinement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Periodic solidification pattern</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58809</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10</pageLast>
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    <edition/>
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    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Experimental and numerical study on grain refinement in electromagnetic assisted laser beam welding of 5754 al alloy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Through experimental observation and auxiliary numerical simulation, this investigation studies the different types of grain refinement of 5754 aluminum alloy laser beam welding by applying a transverse oscillating magnetic field. Scanning electron microscope results have proved that the application of a magnetic field can reduce the average crystal branch width and increase its number. The interaction between the induced eddy current generated by the Seebeck effect and the applied external magnetic field produces a Lorentz force, which is important for the increase of the number of crystal branches. Based on the theory of dendrite fragmentation and the magnetic field-induced branches increment, the grain size reduction caused by the magnetic field is studied. Furthermore, the effects of the magnetic field are analyzed by combining a phase field method model and simulations of nucleation and grain growth. The grain distribution and average grain size after welding verifies the reliability of the model. In addition, the introduction of a magnetic field can increase the number of periodic three-dimensional solidification patterns. In the intersection of two periods of solidification patterns, the metal can be re-melted and then re-solidified, which prevents the grains that have been solidified and formed previously from further growth and generates some small cellular grains in the new fusion line. The magnetic field increases the building frequency of these solidification structures and thus promotes this kind of grain refinement.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the ICALEO 2023, 42ndt International Congress on Applications of Lasers &amp; Electro-Optics</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">International Congress of Applications of Lasers &amp; Electro-Optics 2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Chicago, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">16.10.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">19.10.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Chunliang Yang</author>
    <author>Fan Yang</author>
    <author>Xiangmeng Meng</author>
    <author>Stephen Nugraha Putra</author>
    <author>Marcel Bachmann</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Magnetic field</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Crystal branch development</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Grain refinement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Periodic solidification pattern</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65661</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>12</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>35</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Phase-field simulation of the dendrite fragmentation by electromagnetic stirring in AA5754 aluminum alloy laser beam welding</title>
    <abstract language="eng">A phase-field model including magnetic field induced dendrite fragmentation was established and applied to the cases with different initial crystal nuclear positions for AA5754 aluminum alloy electromagnetic laser beam welding. Compare the calculated results that include dendrite fragmentation caused by the thermal electromagnetic Lorentz force with the results that consider only the thermal electromagnetic Lorentz force, without fragmentation, at the characteristic time instants. Both in the early and late stages, the small fragmentation at the dendrite tip promotes the number of higher-order branches and their growth, especially in the direction perpendicular to the solidification. The later stage fragmentation has the possibility of breaking one grain into several, which verifies the possibility of grain refinement caused by dendrite fragmentation. The fracture surface caused by fragmentation also makes more solid-liquid interfaces and their growth. In addition, the cases with different initial nuclear positions were compared. The grain growth in the low-temperature zone can be inhibited by the equiaxed grains' fragmentation at the high-temperature area (179.8 μm² and 14.7 % start at the center, 115.4 μm² and 9.4 % start at the high-temperature corner, 134.3 μm² and 10.9 % start at the low-temperature corner), which is another kind of grain refinement by the dendrite fragmentation. This kind of inhibition effect on grain growth in the low-temperature region will be enhanced with the increasing time interval between the two crystal nuclei’ appearance (179.8 μm² and 14.7 % when virtual grains appear at t = 4.3803 s and t = 4.3803 s, 134.3 μm² and 10.9 % at t = 4.0977 s and t = 3.9564 s, and 115.4 μm² and 9.4 % at t = 3.8151 s and t = 3.5325 s).</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">China Welding</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">3117-4159</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.cwe.2025.100014</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-656610</identifier>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Chunliang Yang</author>
    <author>Fan Yang</author>
    <author>Xiangmeng Meng</author>
    <author>Stephen Nugraha Putra</author>
    <author>Marcel Bachmann</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Electromagnetic</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Aluminum alloys</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Phase field method</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Equiaxed grain</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dendrite fragmentation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/65661/2026_CYang_ChinaWelding.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58804</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>237</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>254</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>13</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>Verlag der Technischen Universität Graz</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>Technische Universität Graz</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Numerical analysis of the influence of an auxiliary oscillating magnetic field on suppressing the porosity formation in deep penetration laser beam alloys of aluminum alloys</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The contactless magnetohydrodynamic technology has been considered as a potential and promising method to improve the weld qualities of deep penetration laser beam welding. In this paper, numerical investigations are conducted to study the influence of the auxiliary oscillating magnetic field on the porosity suppression in laser beam welding of 5754 aluminum alloy. To obtain a deeper insight into the suppression mechanism, a three-dimensional transient multi-physical model is developed to calculate the heat transfer, fluid flow, keyhole dynamic, and magnetohydrodynamics. A ray tracing algorithm is employed to calculate the laser energy distribution on the keyhole wall. A time-averaged downward Lorentz force is produced by an oscillating magnetic field. This force acts in the molten pool, leading to a dominant downward flow motion in the longitudinal section, which blocks the bubble migration from the keyhole tip to the rear part of the molten pool. Therefore, the possibility for the bubbles to be captured by the solidification front is reduced. The electromagnetic expulsive force provides an additional upward escaping speed for the bubbles of 1 m/s ~ 5 m/s in the lower and middle region of the molten pool. The simulation results are in a good agreement with experimental measurements. Based on the results obtained in this study, a better understanding of the underlying physics in laser beam welding enhanced by an auxiliary oscillating magnetic field can be provided and thus the welding process can be further optimized reducing the porosity formation.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Mathematical Modelling of Weld Phenomena 13</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2410-0544</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">13th International Seminar Numerical Analysis of Weldability</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Seggau, Austria</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">04.09.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">07.09.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Fan Yang</author>
    <author>Xiangmeng Meng</author>
    <author>Marcel Bachmann</author>
    <author>Antoni Artinov</author>
    <author>Stephen Nugraha Putra</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Deep penetration laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Oscillating magnetic field</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Numerical simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Porosity</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Molten pool behaviour</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61602</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>7</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>4</issue>
    <volume>36</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>AIP Publishing</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Assessment of keyhole stability in laser beam welding with external magnetic field using numerical simulation</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The challenge of understanding the physical mechanisms behind porosity reduction by a magnetic field during laser beam welding (LBW) is partly due to the difficulty in quantitatively evaluating keyhole stability. The commonly used index, such as keyhole depth, is typically one-dimensional, which is insufficient to capture the dynamic and three-dimensional fluctuations of the keyhole. In this paper, by utilizing a 3D multiphysical model of LBW with magnetic field, a novel keyhole geometry reconstruction algorithm has been developed to describe the keyhole profile and its fluctuation in a statistical manner to evaluate keyhole stability quantitatively. An equivalent diameter is proposed in this algorithm to reduce the irregularity of the keyhole geometry. The calculation results indicate that the time-averaged keyhole shape over 300 ms in the LBW of steel is conical, regardless of the application of an external magnetic field, which provides a more representative shape. Meanwhile, it is observed from the statistical aspect that the keyhole diameter becomes smaller, except the top part, under the influence of the magnetic field. The standard deviation of the equivalent diameter can be used as a physical variable to assess the keyhole stability quantitatively. The application of an external magnetic field can produce a noticeable reduction of the standard deviation of the equivalent diameter, namely, stabilizing the keyhole during LBW of steel. However, the different contribution from the keyhole stability affected by a magnetic field in suppressing porosity is different with materials.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the ICALEO 2024, 43ndt International Congress on Applications of Lasers &amp; Electro-Optics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.2351/7.0001528</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-616024</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">International Congress of Applications of Lasers &amp; Electro-Optics 2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Hollywood, Los Angeles, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">04.11.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Fan Yang</author>
    <author>Xiangmeng Meng</author>
    <author>Stephen Nugraha Putra</author>
    <author>Marcel Bachmann</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Deep penetration laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Numerical simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Keyhole shape</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Keyhole stability</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Magnetic field</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/61602/2024_ICALEO_Prpceeding.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60784</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>77</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>86</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>394</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>DVS Media GmbH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Düsseldorf</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Experimental and numerical investigations of suppression mechanisms by an oscillating magnetic field on process porosity during laser beam welding</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) technology is recognized as a promising approach for improving the quality of deep penetration laser beam welding. This study employs experimental and numerical methods to investigate the effects of an auxiliary oscillating magnetic field on reducing porosity in the laser beam welding of 5754&#13;
aluminum alloy. The experimental results clearly demonstrate a significant reduction of 97% in the porosity ratio of the welded joints applied with an oscillating magnetic field compared to those without magnetic field, thereby validating the efficiency of applying MHD technology in mitigating porosity during the laser beam welding process. In addition, a transient 3D multi-physical model has been developed, integrating the MHD model and metal vapor plume, to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the porosity suppression mechanism. The weld pool shape is significantly widened and enlarged because of the Lorentz force, which facilitates the escape of gas bubbles. Meanwhile, the introduction of an  oscillating magnetic field generates a time-averaged downward Lorentz force. This averaged downward Lorentz force, in turn, enhances and stables the downward fluid flow, which hinders the bubble backward movement. Meanwhile, this averaged downward Lorentz force induces an upward electromagnetic expulsive force on the bubble, which effectively increases the upward escape velocity of bubbles in the weld pool. The simulation results agree well with the experimental results.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">44. Assistentenseminar Füge- und Schweißtechnik</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-96144-267-6</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.dvs-media.eu/de/neuerscheinungen/4671/44.-assistentenseminar-fuegetechnik</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">44. Assistentenseminar Füge- und Schweißtechnik</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Päwesin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">20.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">22.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
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    <author>Fan Yang</author>
    <author>Xiangmeng Meng</author>
    <author>Stephen Nugraha Putra</author>
    <author>Marcel Bachmann</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Numerical simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Magnetohydrodynamic technology</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Porosity defect</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Keyhole</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61614</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>585</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>589</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>124</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
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    <title language="eng">Numerical study on the temperature characteristic of material absorptivity and its significance in high-power laser beam welding</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The absorptivity of metallic materials plays an important role in high-power laser beam welding. It affects the amount of absorbed laser power leading to the heating and melting of the surfaces to be joined and is highly dependent on the temperature. Nonetheless, this key characteristic is often ignored in numerical simulations and an empirical parameter determined by trial-and-error approaches is rather implemented to calibrate the results. In the present work, the temperature dependence of laser absorption is included in a three-dimensional multiphase numerical model considering the coupled fluid flow and heat transfer. The calculated laser absorption is determined by the temperature-dependent material properties, laser characteristics, and incident angle of the laser beam. It is found that the temperature dependence of the laser absorption is crucial for accurately determining the keyhole and weld pool geometries, which is validated by experimental measurements using 304 austenitic steel.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Procedia CIRP</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.procir.2024.08.179</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-616146</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">13th CIRP Conference on Photonic Technologies [LANE 2024]</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Fürth, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">15.09.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">19.09.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Stephen Nugraha Putra</author>
    <author>Xiangmeng Meng</author>
    <author>Fan Yang</author>
    <author>Marcel Bachmann</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Temperature dependent absorption</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Weld pool</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Keyhole dynamics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Numerical modelling</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/61614/Putra et al. - 2024 - Numerical study on the temperature characteristic .pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61605</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>565</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>569</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>124</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Numerical studies of magnetohydrodynamic technology in suppressing process porosity during laser beam welding</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) technology is employed to mitigate the porosity problem during partial penetration laser beam welding (LBW) of 10 mm thick aluminum alloy. The effectiveness and universal applicability of the MHD technology in reducing porosity during the LBW process are confirmed by a reduction in the porosity ratio of more than 89%. A transient 3D multi-physical model coupled with the MHD effect has been developed to investigate the suppression mechanism of process porosity. Due to the influence of Lorentz force, there is an obvious change in the weld pool length. This change widens the escaping channel of bubbles escaping from the weld pool. The application of an oscillating magnetic field changes the fluid flow pattern noticeably, whose influence on the formation of porosity defects is highly complicated and nonlinear.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Procedia 13th CIRP Conference on Photonic Technologies [LANE 2024]</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.procir.2024.08.175</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-616053</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">15.09.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">19.09.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Fürth, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventName">CIRP Conference on Photonic Technologies [LANE 2024]</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Fan Yang</author>
    <author>Xiangmeng Meng</author>
    <author>Stephen Nugraha Putra</author>
    <author>Marcel Bachmann</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Aluminum alloy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Process Porosity</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Porosity suppression</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Magnetohydrodynamic technology</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/61605/Paper_LANE_2024.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60779</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>57</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>68</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>394</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>DVS Media GmbH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Düsseldorf</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Einfluss der temperaturabhängigen Modellierung der Laserstrahlabsorption auf die Schmelzbadgeometrie beim Hochleistungslaserstrahlschweißen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Der Absorptionsgrad metallischer Werkstoffe spielt bei Fügeprozessen mit einer Strahlungsquelle wie dem Hochleistungslaserstrahltiefschweißen eine bedeutende Rolle. Dieser beeinflusst die Menge der absorbierten Laserenergie, welche zum Aufschmelzen sowie zur lokalen Verdampfung des zu verbindenden Materials führt. Die Laserstrahlabsorption wird von vielen physikalischen Faktoren, z.B. Laserprofil, Laserwellenlänge, Materialeigenschaft sowie Temperatur, entschieden. Dennoch wird die Temperaturabhängigkeit in vielen Simulationsarbeiten häufig ignoriert und stattdessen ein empirisch angepasster Parameter zur Kalibrierung der Ergebnisse implementiert. Diese Vorgehensweise wirkt sich negativ auf die Zuverlässigkeit des numerischen Modells sowie auf die Vorhersagbarkeit der Simulationsergebnisse aus. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Temperaturabhängigkeit des Laserabsorptionsgrades in ein selbstkonsistentes zweiphasiges Modell unter Berücksichtigung der gekoppelten 3D-Fluidströmung und Wärmeübertragung einbezogen. Die berechnete Laserstrahlabsorption wird durch die temperaturabhängigen Materialeigenschaften, die Lasercharakteristik und den Einfallswinkel des Laserstrahls bestimmt. Die freie Oberfläche jeder Phase wird mithilfe der Volume-of-Fluid Methode (VOF), berechnet und die Laser-Material-Wechselwirkung wird durch ein implementiertes Ray-Tracing-Verfahren modelliert, welches auf einem lokalisierten Level-Set-Algorithmus basiert. Anschließend wird die transiente Wärmeeinbringung und die Geometrie der Schweißnaht analysiert und mit dem temperaturunabhängigen Absorptionsmodell verglichen. Es wurde festgestellt, dass die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Laserabsorption entscheidend für die genaue Bestimmung der Wärmeeinbringung und der Schmelzbadgeometrie ist. Das entwickelte Modell wurde anhand der experimentellen Untersuchungen validiert und die Bedeutung der Temperaturabhängigkeit bei der Laserstrahlabsorption wurde für die Simulation des Laserstrahltiefschweißens quantifiziert.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">44. Assistentenseminar Fügetechnik</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-3-96144-267-6</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.dvs-media.eu/de/neuerscheinungen/4671/44.-assistentenseminar-fuegetechnik</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">44. Assistentenseminar Füge- und Schweißtechnik</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Päwesin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">20.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">22.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Stephen Nugraha Putra</author>
    <author>Xiangmeng Meng</author>
    <author>Fan Yang</author>
    <author>Marcel Bachmann</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Numerical modeling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ray tracing method</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Weld pool dynamics</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58841</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Numerical analysis of the effect of the metal vapor plume on the keyhole and the molten pool behavior during deep penetration laser beam welding</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The effect of the oscillating metal vapor plume on the keyhole and molten pool behavior during the laser beam welding of AlMg3 aluminum alloys is investigated by the experimental and numerical method. The real-time height of the metal vapor plume is measured by high-speed camera observation. The obtained experimental results are used to evaluate the additional heating source and laser beam attenuation caused by the scattering and absorption based on the Beer-Lambert theory. Furthermore, the dynamic behavior of the metal vapor plume is incorporated into a 3D transient heat transfer and fluid flow model, coupled with the ray tracing method, for the laser beam welding of the AlMg3 alloy. It is found that the additional heating resulting from the scattered and absorbed laser beam energy by the metal vapor plume significantly expands the shape of the molten pool on the top region. Moreover, the oscillating metal vapor plume caused the fluctuation of the molten pool shape. The probability of keyhole collapse at the bottom increases significantly to 72% due to the oscillating laser power induced by the laser beam attenuation. The internal interplay between the metal vapor plume, molten pool shape, and the keyhole collapse are obtained. The developed model has been validated by the experiments, which shows a good agreement.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the ICALEO 2023, 42ndt International Congress on Applications of Lasers &amp; Electro-Optics</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">International Congress of Applications of Lasers &amp; Electro-Optics 2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Chicago, Illinois, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">16.10.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Fan Yang</author>
    <author>Xiangmeng Meng</author>
    <author>Stephen Nugraha Putra</author>
    <author>Antoni Artinov</author>
    <author>Marcel Bachmann</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Deep penetration laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Numerical simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Oscillating vapor plume</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Keyhole collapse</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>64817</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Elucidation of the Laser Beam Energy Attenuation by the Vapor Plume Formation during High Power Laser Beam Welding</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In high-power laser beam welding, a common phenomenon is the formation of a keyhole caused by the rapid evaporation of the material. Under atmospheric pressure, this evaporation generates a vapor plume that interacts with the laser beam, leading to energy attenuation and scattering of the laser radiation along its path. These interactions affect the stability of the process and the overall weld quality. This study investigates the influence of the vapor plume on the weld pool and keyhole dynamics during high-power laser beam welding of AlMg3 aluminum alloy through experimental and numerical approaches. The primary goal is to identify key vapor plume characteristics, particularly its length fluctuations, and to improve the accuracy of the numerical models. To achieve this, an algorithm was developed for the automated measurement of the vapor plume length using high-speed imaging and advanced data processing techniques. The measured plume length is then used to estimate the additional vapor heating and laser energy attenuation using the Beer–Lambert law. A refined numerical CFD model, incorporating 3D transient heat transfer, fluid flow, and ray tracing, was developed to evaluate the vapor plume’s impact. Results show that already the time-averaged plume length effectively captures its transient influence and aligns well with experimental weld seam geometries. Additionally, energy scattering and absorption caused by the vapor plume led to a wider weld pool at the top surface. The study also shows an increased percentage of keyhole collapses due to the reduced laser power absorption at the keyhole bottom, further highlighting the importance of accurately modeling vapor plume effects.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the ICALEO 2025, 44th International Congress on Applications of Lasers &amp; Electro-Optics</parentTitle>
    <enrichment key="eventName">International Congress of Applications of Lasers &amp; Electro-Optics 2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Orlando, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.10.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">16.10.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Marcel Bachmann</author>
    <author>Stephen Nugraha Putra</author>
    <author>Fan Yang</author>
    <author>Xiangmeng Meng</author>
    <author>Pablo Pusbatzkies</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser beam welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Vapor plume formation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Weld pool</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Keyhole dynamics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Numerical modeling</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
