<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>20940</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2010</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1076</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>1082</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>4</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>ACS Publ.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Washington, DC, USA</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>American Chemical Society</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Nucleation and growth of gold nanoparticles studies via in situ small angle X-ray scattering at millisecond time resolution</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) were prepared by the homogeneous mixing of continuous flows of an aqueous tetrachloroauric acid solution and a sodium borohydride solution applying a microstructured static mixer. The online characterization and screening of this fast process (~2 s) was enabled by coupling a micromixer operating in continuous-flow mode with a conventional in-house small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) setup. This online characterization technique enables the time-resolved investigation of the growth process of the nanoparticles from an average radius of ca. 0.8 nm to about 2 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a continuous-flow SAXS setup for time-resolved studies of nanoparticle formation mechanisms that does not require the use of synchrotron facilities. In combination with X-ray absorption near edge structure microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopy the obtained data allow the deduction of a two-step mechanism of gold nanoparticle formation. The first step is a rapid conversion of the ionic gold precursor into metallic gold nuclei, followed by particle growth via coalescence of smaller entities. Consequently it could be shown that the studied synthesis serves as a model system for growth driven only by coalescence processes.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">ACS nano</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">23275</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1021/nn901499c</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1936-0851</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">01.03.2010</enrichment>
    <author>Jörg Polte</author>
    <author>Robert Erler</author>
    <author>Andreas Thünemann</author>
    <author>S. Sokolov</author>
    <author>T. T. Ahner</author>
    <author>K. Rademann</author>
    <author>Franziska Emmerling</author>
    <author>R. Kraehnert</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nanoparticle formation mechanism</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SAXS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microstructured static mixer</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Continuous flow</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>22346</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2010</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>2463</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>2469</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>11</issue>
    <volume>2</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>RSC Publ.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Cambridge</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Mechanistic insights into seeded growth processes of gold nanoparticles</title>
    <abstract language="eng">A facile approach for the synthesis of monodisperse gold nanoparticles with radii in the range of 7 to 20 nm is presented. Starting from monodisperse seeds with radii of 7 nm, produced in the first step, the addition of a defined amount of additional precursor material permits distinct size regulation and the realization of predicted nanoparticle sizes. These information were derived from ex- and in situ investigations by comprehensive small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and UV-Vis data to obtain information on the physicochemical mechanisms. The obtained mechanisms can be transferred to other seeded growth processes. Compared to similar approaches, the presented synthesis route circumvents the use of different reducing or stabilizing agents. The size of resulting nanoparticles can be varied over a large size range presented for the first time without a measurable change in the shape, polydispersity or surface chemistry. Thus, the resulting nanoparticles are ideal candidates for size dependence investigations.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Nanoscale</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">24866</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1039/c0nr00541j</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2040-3364</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2040-3372</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">11.11.2010</enrichment>
    <author>Jörg Polte</author>
    <author>Martin Herder</author>
    <author>Robert Erler</author>
    <author>Simone Rolf</author>
    <author>A. Fischer</author>
    <author>Christian Würth</author>
    <author>Andreas Thünemann</author>
    <author>R. Kraehnert</author>
    <author>Franziska Emmerling</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gold nanoparticles</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>SAXS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>XANES</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Growth mechanism</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>23049</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2010</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>9209</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>9211</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>48</issue>
    <volume>46</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Royal Society of Chemistry</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Cambridge</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Chemical Society</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">SAXS in combination with a free liquid jet for improved time-resolved in situ studies of the nucleation and growth of nanoparticles</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Chemical communications</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">25616</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1039/c0cc03238g</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0022-4936</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0009-241x</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1359-7345</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1364-548x</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">27.01.2011</enrichment>
    <author>Jörg Polte</author>
    <author>Robert Erler</author>
    <author>Andreas Thünemann</author>
    <author>Franziska Emmerling</author>
    <author>R. Kraehnert</author>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
