<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>27726</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2012</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>3699</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>3704</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>10</issue>
    <volume>109</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>National Academy of Sciences</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Washington, DC</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Structure-property relationships of a biological mesocrystal in the adult sea urchin spine</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Structuring over many length scales is a design strategy widely used in Nature to create materials with unique functional properties. We here present a comprehensive analysis of an adult sea urchin spine, and in revealing a complex, hierarchical structure, show how Nature fabricates a material which diffracts as a single crystal of calcite and yet fractures as a glassy material. Each spine comprises a highly oriented array of Mg-calcite nanocrystals in which amorphous regions and macromolecules are embedded. It is postulated that this mesocrystalline structure forms via the crystallization of a dense array of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) precursor particles. A residual surface layer of ACC and/or macromolecules remains around the nanoparticle units which creates the mesocrystal structure and contributes to the conchoidal fracture behavior. Natures demonstration of how crystallization of an amorphous precursor phase can create a crystalline material with remarkable properties therefore provides inspiration for a novel approach to the design and synthesis of synthetic composite materials.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the United States of America : PNAS</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">30560</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1109243109</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0027-8424</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1091-6490</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">21.02.2013</enrichment>
    <author>J. Seto</author>
    <author>Y. Ma</author>
    <author>S.A. Davis</author>
    <author>F. Meldrum</author>
    <author>A. Gourrier</author>
    <author>Y.-Y. Kim</author>
    <author>U. Schilde</author>
    <author>M. Sztucki</author>
    <author>M. Burghammer</author>
    <author>Sergey Maltsev</author>
    <author>Christian Jäger</author>
    <author>H. Cölfen</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Calcium carbonate biomineralization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Echinoderm skeleton</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hierarchical structuring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mesocrystal</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Skeletal elements</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
