<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>26005</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2012</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>3769</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>3780</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>12</issue>
    <volume>46</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>International Association on Water Pollution Research</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">On wet chemical phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge ash by acidic or alkaline leaching and an optimized combination of both</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The advantages and drawbacks of existing wet chemical phosphorus (P) recovery technologies, their applicability to different types of sewage sludge ash (SSA) and the role of the decay products of detergent zeolites as a source of reactive Al in SSA are analyzed. Since neither a purely acidic nor a purely alkaline treatment are able to provide satisfactory technical solutions a wet chemical phosphorus (P) recovery process for sewage sludge ashes (SSAs) is investigated in detail that is based on a sequential treatment of SSA with an acid and a base. As a result of an acidic pre-treatment, the P fraction of the raw SSA that was bound as – alkaline-insoluble – calcium phosphate (Ca–P) is converted into aluminum phosphate (Al–P). This newly formed Al–P can be easily dissolved via alkaline treatment and then easily separated from the alkaline leachate via precipitation of Ca–P. The Al-component can be reused as precipitant for P-removal in waste water treatment plants (WWTPs). The investigated process requires fewer chemicals than the direct acidic dissolution of all P-compounds contained in the SSA. This is due to the described rearrangement of the P component from Ca–P to Al–P. That such a rearrangement of P occurs indeed was confirmed through a combination of XRD, ICP and XRF analyses together with mass balance calculations. The present investigation proves that the process works for very different types of SSAs: For Al-rich SSAs that come from WWTPs where Al-salt is used for chemical P-removal the described sequential treatment process works best and yields P-recovery rates as high as 70–77%. But even for SSAs from WWTPs where only iron salt is used for chemical P-removal, a considerable amount of the reactive Al necessary for the described P-rearrangement is supplied by decay products of detergent zeolites, a hidden Al-source present in most SSAs produced in Europe.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Water research</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">28747</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.watres.2012.03.068</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0043-1354</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">11.06.2012</enrichment>
    <author>S. Petzet</author>
    <author>Burkhard Peplinski</author>
    <author>P. Cornel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Phosphorus recovery</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sewage sludge ash</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alkaline and acidic leaching</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Calcium phosphate</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Aluminum phosphate</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Detergent zeolites</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>XRD analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>33435</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2015</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>S31</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>S35</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>Supplement S 1</issue>
    <volume>30</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>JCPDS</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Swarthmore, Pa.</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Nanocrystalline and stacking-disordered beta-cristobalite AlPO4: the now deciphered main constituent of a municipal sewage sludge ash from a full-scale incineration facility</title>
    <abstract language="eng">For the first time evidence is provided that a nanocrystalline and stacking-disordered, chemically stabilized β-cristobalite form of AlPO4 occurs in a sewage sludge ash (SSA). This proof is based on a combined X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray fluorescence investigation of an SSA produced at a large-scale fluidized bed incineration facility serving a catching area with a population of 2 million. The structural and chemical characterization was carried out on 'as received' SSA samples as well as on solid residues remaining after leaching this SSA in sodium hydroxide solution. Thus, it was ascertained that the observed nanocrystalline and stacking-disordered cristobalite-like component belongs to the aluminum phosphate component of this SSA, rather than to its silicon dioxide component. In addition, a direct proof is presented that the chemically stabilized β-cristobalite form of AlPO4 does crystallize from X-ray amorphous precursors under conditions that mimic the huge heating rate and short retention time (just seconds at T ≈ 850°C), typical for fluidized bed incinerators.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Powder diffraction</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">36529</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1017/S0885715614001213</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0885-7156</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">15.06.2015</enrichment>
    <author>Burkhard Peplinski</author>
    <author>Christian Adam</author>
    <author>Burkart Adamczyk</author>
    <author>Ralf Müller</author>
    <author>Matthias Michaelis</author>
    <author>T. Krahl</author>
    <author>Franziska Emmerling</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Aluminum phosphate</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Chemical stabilization of high-temperature forms</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Cristobalite form</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stacking disorder</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Incinerator ash</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Sewage sludge ash</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
