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  <doc>
    <id>51875</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>101672</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>36</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Thin-wall effects and anisotropic deformation mechanisms of an additively manufactured Ni-based superalloy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of Ni-based superalloys shows great potential for high temperature applications, for example, as a burner repair application for gas turbines where the thin-walled structure is important. It motivates this work to investigate the evolution of microstructure and the anisotropic mechanical behavior when plate-like specimens are built with a thickness from 4 mm down to 1 mm. By performing texture analysis using neutron diffraction, a clear transition in fiber texture from &lt;011&gt; to &lt;001&gt; is indicated when the specimen becomes thinner. The residual stress shows no thickness dependence, and at the subsurface the residual stress reaches the same level as the yield strength. Due to the rough as-built surface, a roughness compensation method for mechanical properties of thin-walled structures is outlined and demonstrated. Tensile tests from room temperature up to 700 ◦C have been carried out. Anisotropic mechanical behavior is found at all temperatures, which is strongly related to the anisotropic texture evolution. Stronger texture evolution and grain rotations are discovered when the tensile loading is applied along the building direction. The mechanical behavior has been compared to a wrought material, where the high dislocation density and the subgrain structure of the LPBF material result in a higher yield strength. Combining the statistical texture analysis by neutron diffraction with mechanical testing, EBSD grain orientation mapping and the investigation of dislocation structures using transmission electron microscopy, this work illustrates the significance of texture for the thin-wall effect and anisotropic mechanical behavior of LPBF materials.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Additive Manufacturing</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.addma.2020.101672</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-518759</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">21.01.2021</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>C.-H. Yu</author>
    <author>R. L. Peng</author>
    <author>V. Luzin</author>
    <author>Maximilian Sprengel</author>
    <author>M. Calmunger</author>
    <author>J.-E. Lundgren</author>
    <author>H. Brodin</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>J. Moverare</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hastelloy X</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hot tensile test</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Crystallographic texture</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Roughness</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dislocation density</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/51875/1-s2.0-S2214860420310447-main.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60287</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Best practice: How to work with a mobile diffractometer</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Beginning with a general overview about resdiual stress determination by X-ray diffraction, the presentation is focussing on some does and dont's when working with a portable diffractometer.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">European Conference on Residual Stresses 11 - Tutorial 1: Residual stresses in additive manufacturing</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Prague, Czech Republic</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">03.06.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">07.06.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray diffraction</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Windenergie</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>29707</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>613</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>619</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>768-769</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Trans Tech Publications</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Aedermannsdorf, Switzerland</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Residual stress engineering in fatigue resistant welds</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The developments in the field of residual stress determination during the last decades have contributed to a better understanding of the origins and sources of residual stresses in different engineering disciplines. The many investigations concerning the behavior of residual stresses under mechanical loading have also provided a solid foundation to clarify the important aspects of residual stresses and fatigue. The question that arises now is if this available body of knowledge is being used effectively in the field of welding technology to design and construct structures with better fatigue performances. In this paper the necessity of the development of the concept residual stress engineering for welds in which wanted residual stress states are tailored for specific cases by appropriate means will be discussed. The possibilities of the quantitative consideration of the benefits in the fatigue design codes will be presented in a practical example.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials science forum</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">32638</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.768-769.613</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0255-5476</identifier>
    <enrichment key="zsBemerkung">Die Aufnahme ist grundsätzlich falsch, da es sich bei "Materials science forum" nicht um eine Zeitschrift handelt, sondern um eine Buchreihe. Da sehr viele Artikel an diesem Eintrag hängen, wäre die Korrektur aber extrem aufwändig.  Die Buchreihe findet sich in der Master Journal List bzw. in dem Journal Citation Report selbstverständlich nicht wieder, da es ja keine Zeitschrift ist. Allerdings wird die Buchreihe sehr wohl von Thomson-Reuters für Ihre Datenbank ausgewertet, als "Book Series". Daher muss sichergestellt werden, dass die dort erscheinenden Artikel auch für die "1000-Euro-Liste" berücksichtigt werden.  Die einfachste Lösung ist es, den Eintrag als Zeitschrift zu belassen, und das Häkchen bei "In MJL/CPCI von ISI enthalten" zu setzen. Das ist zwar formal nicht ganz korrekt, erzeugt aber das richtige Ergebnis.  Jan Harloff-Puhr 16.9.2014</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">09.12.2013</enrichment>
    <author>M. Farajian</author>
    <author>Z. Barsoum</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fatigue</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fatigue improvement</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>51180</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>891</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>899</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>9</issue>
    <volume>62</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Carl Hanser Verlag</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Capability of martensitic low transformation temperature welding consumables for increasing the fatigue strength of high strength steel joints</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The use of low transformation temperature (LTT) filler materials represents a smart approach for increasing the fatigue strength of welded high strength steel structures apart from the usual procedures of post weld treatment. The main mechanism is based on the effect of the low start temperature of martensite formation on the stress already present during welding. Thus, compressive residual stress formed due to constrained volume expansion in connection with phase transformation become highly effective. Furthermore, the weld metal has a high hardness that can delay the formation of fatigue cracks but also leads to low toughness. Fundamental investigations on the weldability of an LTT filler material are presented in this work, including the characterization of the weld microstructure, its hardness, phase transformation temperature and mechanical properties. Special attention was applied to avoid imperfections in order to ensure a high weld quality for subsequent fatigue testing. Fatigue tests were conducted on the welded joints of the base materials S355J2 and S960QL using conventional filler materials as a comparison to the LTT filler. Butt joints were used with a variation in the weld type (DY-weld and V-weld). In addition, a component-like specimen (longitudinal stiffener) was investigated where the LTT filler material was applied as an additional layer. The joints were characterized with respect to residual stress, its stability during cyclic loading and microstructure. The results show that the application of LTT consumables leads to a significant increase in fatigue strength when basic design guidelines are followed. This enables a benefit from the lightweight design potential of high-strength steel grades.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials Testing</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3139/120.111562</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">24.09.2020</enrichment>
    <author>J. Hensel</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>T. Nitschke-Pagel</author>
    <author>Jonny Dixneit</author>
    <author>K. Dilger</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Low transformation temperature</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fatigue strength</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Materialdesign</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62743</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Modern welding processes for optimising repair welds on high strength offshore steels</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The successful energy transition in Germany will require offshore wind turbines with outputs &gt;10 MW in the future. To achieve these high outputs, turbines far from coast are required with large subsea jacket structures (30 m up to 50 m) and tall towers (up to 200 m). High-strength steels with a yield strength up to 500 MPa and wall thicknesses up to 150 mm are increasingly being used for these structures. This plac-es high demands on welding manufacturing, especially for high-strength offshore steels. During the manu-facturing process detected defects by NDT require localized repair of welds by gouging and rewelding. Due to a lack of investigations, there are no repair concepts and information in standards and guidelines, par-ticularly for high-strength thick plate joints made of high-strength offshore steels. However, these are ur-gently needed to enable manufacturers, especially SMEs, to carry out safe and economical repairs. There-fore, BAM started the FOSTA project P1629 (IGF 01IF22746N) to investigate the stress-optimized repair (local gouging and welding) of high-strength thick plate joints made of offshore grades in the yield strength range off 355 to 460 MPa and similar weld metal with controlled high-performance GMAW pro-cesses and optimized narrow gouging grooves. The experimental analyses take into account the complex interaction of process, material, and design-related influences on the formation of weld induced stresses and the special microstructure of high-strength fine-grain structural steels. Welding-related material degra-dation and crack-critical residual tensile stresses need to be avoided to ensure high component safety and performance. A reduction in residual stress in the presence of high restraint conditions can be achieved by adapted heat control (if no disassembly measures are possible). The repair process involves manual thermal gouging, which allows the groove configuration to be modi-fied. Modern welding processes using high frequency arc control provide deep root penetration and focused energy input capable of welding narrow seams. A comparison was made between the traditional weld con-figuration with a wide 45° groove and transition arc welding and a narrow 30° groove with modern welding process. Even in the case of free shrinkage specimens, the narrow groove weld exhibits a significant reduc-tion of residual stresses, cf. Figure 1, especially in the HAZ and toward the adjacent base material. This can be attributed to the lower weld metal volume needed and the reduction of heat input per layer due to the controlled arc process. For the purposes of this comparison, the same weld seam build-up (but different number of layers) has been applied to both seam configurations. Note that in industrial application (manu-al welding), the wider groove would be welded with several off-center weld beads with conventional weld-ing process. In this analysis this would cause asymmetric effects regarding the residual stress state, diffi-cult to compare to each other. Component-related welding experiments on special testing equipment, adapted process and heat control concepts along with variable groove configurations will be developed and recommendations for guidelines elaborated. This is the prerequisite for fully utilizing the strength potential of high-strength steels and making a valuable contribution to the energy transition in Germany, especially for steel-processing SMEs.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">IIW Intermediate Meeting CII</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Trollhättan, Sweden</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">10.03.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">12.03.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Martin Hübner</author>
    <author>Levin Reichel</author>
    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Repair welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gouging</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Offshore wind turbines</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-strength steels</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Windenergie</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>45983</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2018</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Residual stress Formation in component related stress relief cracking Tests of a welded creep resistant steel</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Submerged arc welded (SAW) components of creep-resistant low-alloyed Cr-Mo-V steels are used for thick-walled heavy petrochemical reactors (wall-thickness up to 475 mm) as well as employed in construction of modern high-efficient fossil fired power plants. These large components are accompanied by significant restraints during welding fabrication, especially at positions of different thicknesses like welding of nozzles. As a result, residual stresses occur, playing a dominant role concerning so-called stress relief cracking (SRC) typically during post weld heat treatment (PWHT). Besides specific metallurgical factors (like secondary hardening due to reprecipitation), high tensile residual stresses are a considerable influence factor on SRC.&#13;
For the assessment of SRC susceptibility of certain materials mostly mechanical tests are applied which are isolated from the welding process. Conclusions regarding the influence of mechanical factors are rare so far. The present research follows an approach to reproduce loads, which occur during welding of real thick-walled components scaled to laboratory conditions by using Tests designed on different measures. A large-scale slit specimen giving a high restraint in 3 dimensions by high stiffness was compared to a medium-scale multi-pass welding U-Profile specimen showing a high degree of restraint in longitudinal direction and a small-scale TIG-remelted specimen. The small-scale specimens were additionally subjected to mechanical bending to induce loads that are found during fabrication on the real-scale in heavy components. Results show for all three cases comparable high tensile residual stresses up to yield strength with high gradients in the weld metal and the heat affected zone. Those high tensile stresses can be significant for cracking during further PWHT.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">European Conference on Residual Stresses - ECRS10</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Leuven, Belgium</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">11.09.2018</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">14.09.2018</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Creep resistant steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Post weld heat treatment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stress relief cracking</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>13CrMoV9-10</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59747</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Residual stress reduction using LTT welding consumables with focus on the weld geometry</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This article focuses on the selective placement of additional LTT layers to generate compressive residual stresses in fatigue-critical areas of conventional weld joints. This enables an economical solution without effecting the integrity of welded joints. For this, longitudinal stiffeners made of high-strength steel were gas metal arc welded using conventional welding consumable in the first layer. Afterwards, a chromium-nickel alloyed LTT welding consumable was deposit on front sides of the stiffeners. By varying the welding parameters, different weld geometries of the LTT filler metal could be analyzed. The effects of additional LTT layers were investigated with regards to residual stresses, microstructure and strength. X-ray residual stresses measurements show that the residual stresses at the failure critical weld toe are significantly reduced by using additional LTT layers. While the conventional weld is characterized by tensile residual stresses, compressive residual stresses can be detected at the LTT weld. The level of residual stresses is influenced by the geometry of the LTT layer. Additional LTT layers with a high offset to the conventional weld generate more compressive residual stress in the HAZ than with a low offset. Therefore, the weld geometry has a considerable impact on the residual stress profile.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">IIW Intermediate Meeting Comission II-A</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Incheon, Republic of Korea</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.03.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">14.03.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LTT</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High strength steel</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Windenergie</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54577</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of Residual Stresses on Stress Relief Cracking of Thick Walled Creep Resistant Steel Welds</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Controlling the residual stress level during welding of creep-resistant Cr-Mo-V steels is crucial to avoid so called stress relief cracking (SRC) during post weld heat treatment (PWHT) of large-scale components. In the present study, a laboratory scale test specimen (400 mm x 400 mm x 25 mm) was used to simulate thick-walled component welds made of 13CrMoV9-10. The aim was to identify the level and distribution of residual stresses to evaluate the suitability of the specimen for laboratory based SRC testing. High restraint was ensured by the specimen geometry with a narrow welding gap in the center. This gap was filled by submerged arc welding in a multi-layer technique. Two specimens were welded with identical parameters and compared in the as-welded state and after PWHT (705 °C for 10 h). Neutron diffraction was used to determine the residual stresses in the weld metal, the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the base material at different depths longitudinal, transverse, and normal to the welding direction. The experiments were performed on the instrument E3 of the research reactor BERII of HZB Berlin, Germany. Complementarily, laboratory X-ray diffraction was applied to characterize the surface residual stresses. In the welded state, especially in the weld metal and the adjacent HAZ, the residual stress can reach the yield strength of the untreated material. The highest levels occur in the longitudinal direction. The transverse and normal directions are characterized by residual stress of lower magnitude. As expected, the residual stress is almost completely relieved after PWHT.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">International Conference on Residual Stresses ICRS-11</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Nancy, France</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">27.03.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">30.03.2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Creep-resistant steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stress relief cracking</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Post weld heat treatment</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58646</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of Residual Stresses on Stress Relief Cracking of Thick-Walled Creep-Resistant Steel Welds</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Controlling the residual stress level during welding of creep-resistant Cr-Mo-V steels is crucial to avoid so called stress relief cracking (SRC) during post weld heat treatment (PWHT) of large-scale components. In the present study, a laboratory scale test specimen (400 mm x 400 mm x 25 mm) was used to simulate thick-walled component welds made of 13CrMoV9-10. The aim was to identify the level and distribution of residual stresses to evaluate the suitability of the specimen for laboratory based SRC testing. High restraint was ensured by the specimen geometry with a narrow welding gap in the center. This gap was filled by submerged arc welding in a multi-layer technique. Two specimens were welded with identical parameters and compared in the as-welded state and after PWHT (705 °C for 10 h). Neutron diffraction was used to determine the residual stresses in the weld metal, the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the base material at different depths longitudinal, transverse, and normal to the welding direction. The experiments were performed on the instrument E3 of the research reactor BERII of HZB Berlin, Germany. Complementarily, laboratory X-ray diffraction was applied to characterize the surface residual stresses. In the welded state, especially in the weld metal and the adjacent HAZ, the residual stress can reach the yield strength of the untreated material. The highest levels occur in the longitudinal direction. The transverse and normal directions are characterized by residual stress of lower magnitude. As expected, the residual stress is almost completely relieved after PWHT.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">AJP 2023 3rd International Conference on Advanced Joining Processes</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Braga, Portugal</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">19.10.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">20.10.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Creep-resistant steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stress relief cracking</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Neutron diffraction</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>37892</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1159</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>1168</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>6</issue>
    <volume>60</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Heidelberg</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">In-situ load analysis in multi-run welding using LTT filler materials</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Modifying the level of mostly detrimental welding residual stresses already during the welding process would be highly attractive as time- and cost-consuming post processing may be prevented. The nature of stress buildup during welding-associated cooling is highly affected by phase transformations. Up to now, it is not clear in which way this is applicable to real component welding exhibiting high shrinkage restraint and complex heat input. In this study, two different low transformation temperature (LTT) alloys have been investigated concerning the stress development in restrained multi-run butt welding in order to evaluate the potential of stress reduction. Pulsed gas metal arc welding (P-GMAW) welding was executed on a testing facility designed to simulate real lifelike restraint conditions of component weldments. The effect of reducedMS-temperatures and the heat control on the globally acting stresses was monitored by in-situ measurement of the reaction forces during welding fabrication. Additional local residual stress measurements allowed analyzing global as well as local loading of the welded construction. Although phase transformation has a significant influence on unloading the joint during each weld pass, the reaction stress upon cooling to room temperature seems to be determined mainly by the heat input. On the surface, low longitudinal residual stresses were observed in case of LTT whereas transverse residual stresses are less affected.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the World - The International Jounral of Materials Joining</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-016-0373-1</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0043-2288</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">69th IIW Annual Assembly and International Conference</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Melbourne, Australia</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">10.07.2016</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">15.07.2016</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">05.01.2017</enrichment>
    <author>Jonny Dixneit</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Andreas Hannemann</author>
    <author>Peter Friedersdorf</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>J. Gibmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Phase transformation temperature</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dilution</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Restraint</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>37999</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Observation of martensite formation by combined use of synchrotron diffraction and dilatometry</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Welding residual stress engineering by means of an adjusted martensite phase transformation would be highly attractive as detrimental tensile residual stresses may be prevented already during welding without time and cost intensive post processing. The present study shows a synchrotron diffraction analysis of a martensitic steel subjected to thermo-mechanical load cycles. Experiments were conducted regarding the microstructural strain response during the austenite to martensite transformation. The strains are a function of the temperature and the specific loads applied during cooling. The relation between the transformation plasticity of the material, the amount of martensite formed and the arising strains can thus be assessed. The lattice plane specific strains were compared to experimental findings from (macro) dilatation tests. It is shown that the microscopic material behavior differs remarkably from the one observed on the macroscopic scale, what leads to characteristic residual stresses in the material.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Material Science &amp; Technology (MS&amp;T16) 3rd International Workshop of In-situ Studies with Photons, Neutrons and Electrons Scattering</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Salt Lake City, UT, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">23.10.2016</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">27.10.2016</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Martensite</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dilatometry</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synchrotron diffraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Neutron diffraction</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>59751</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of machining on residual stresses in additive manufactured high-strength steel components</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This study focuses on the effect of machining on the residual stresses and distortion of WAAM specimens. Defined specimens were welded fully automatically with a special WAAM solid wire (yield strength &gt;820 MPa) with different geometric designs. The residual stresses state before and after cutting of the AM structure from the substrate plate were analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction on the specimen surface and complementary by 3d deformation analyses using photogrammetry. The results reveal significant influences of the geometry on the relaxation and redistribution of residual stresses.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">IIW Intermediate Meeting Comission IX-AM</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Incheon, South Korea</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.03.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">14.03.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DED-arc</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High strength steel</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Windenergie</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57269</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>987</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>996</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>4</issue>
    <volume>67</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of the WAAM process and design aspects on residual stresses in high-strength structural steels</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) enables the efficient production of weight-optimized modern engineering structures. Further increases in efficiency can be achieved by using high-strength structural steels. Commercial welding consumables for WAAM are already available on the market. Lack of knowledge and guidelines regarding welding residual stress and component safety during production and operation leads to severely limited use for industry applications. The sensitive microstructure of high-strength steels carries a high risk of cold cracking; therefore, residual stresses play a crucial role. For this reason, the influences of the material, the WAAM process, and the design on the formation of residual stresses and the risk of cold cracking are being investigated. The material used has a yield strength of over 800 MPa. This strength is adjusted via solid solution strengthening and a martensitic phase transformation. The volume expansion associated with martensite formation has a significant influence on the residual stresses. The focus of the present investigation is on the additive welding parameters and component design on their influence on hardness and residual stresses, which are analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD). Reference specimens (hollow cuboids) are welded fully automated with a systematic variation of heat control and design. Welding parameters and AM geometry are correlated with the resulting microstructure, hardness, and residual stress state. Increased heat input leads to lower tensile residual stresses which causes unfavorable microstructure and mechanical properties. The component design affects heat dissipation conditions and the intensity of restraint during welding and has a significant influence on the residual stress.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the World</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1878-6669</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-023-01503-9</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-572698</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">05.04.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="PaperofMonth">1</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Karsten Wandtke</author>
    <author>Dirk Schröpfer</author>
    <author>R. Scharf-Wildenhain</author>
    <author>A. Hälsig</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>J. Hensel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DED-arc</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-strength steel filler metal</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/57269/Wandtke2023_Article_WAAM process and design aspects.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60286</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Comparison and capabilities of different Methods</title>
    <abstract language="eng">X-ray and Neutron diffraction as well as the contour method were used to determine residual stresses in a additively manufactured sample. The results are compared. Capabilites and limitations are shown.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">European Conference on Residual Stresses 11 - Tutorial 1: Residual stresses in additive manufacturing</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Prague, Czech Republic</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">03.06.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">07.06.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray diffraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Neutron diffraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Contour method</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Windenergie</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60285</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Case Studies 2 – RS in DED-arc AM Components</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The presentation shows examples of resdiual stresses to be found typically in DED-arc additively manufactured high strength steel components.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">European Conference on Residual Stresses 11 - Tutorial 1: Residual stresses in additive manufacturing</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Prague, Czech Republic</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">03.06.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">07.06.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>DED-arc</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High strength steel</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Windenergie</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>23357</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2011</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>85</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>90</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>681</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Trans Tech Publications</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Aedermannsdorf, Switzerland</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Welding residual stresses depending on solid-state transformation behaviour studied by numerical and experimental methods</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The development of high-strength structural steels with yield strengths up to 1000 MPa results in the requirement of suitable filler materials for welding. Recently designed low transformation temperature (LTT) alloys offer appropriate strength. The martensitic phase transformation during welding induces compressive residual stress in the weld zone. Therefore, the mechanical properties of welded joints can be improved. The present paper illustrates numerical simulation of the residual stresses in LTT-welds taking into account the effect of varying Ms/Mf-temperatures, and therefore different retained austenite contents, on the residual stresses. Residual stress distributions measured by synchrotron diffraction are taken as evaluation basis. A numerical model for the simulation of transformation affected welds is established and can be used for identification of appropriate Ms-temperatures considering the content of retained austenite.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Materials science forum</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">25935</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.681.85</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0255-5476</identifier>
    <enrichment key="zsBemerkung">Die Aufnahme ist grundsätzlich falsch, da es sich bei "Materials science forum" nicht um eine Zeitschrift handelt, sondern um eine Buchreihe. Da sehr viele Artikel an diesem Eintrag hängen, wäre die Korrektur aber extrem aufwändig.  Die Buchreihe findet sich in der Master Journal List bzw. in dem Journal Citation Report selbstverständlich nicht wieder, da es ja keine Zeitschrift ist. Allerdings wird die Buchreihe sehr wohl von Thomson-Reuters für Ihre Datenbank ausgewertet, als "Book Series". Daher muss sichergestellt werden, dass die dort erscheinenden Artikel auch für die "1000-Euro-Liste" berücksichtigt werden.  Die einfachste Lösung ist es, den Eintrag als Zeitschrift zu belassen, und das Häkchen bei "In MJL/CPCI von ISI enthalten" zu setzen. Das ist zwar formal nicht ganz korrekt, erzeugt aber das richtige Ergebnis.  Jan Harloff-Puhr 16.9.2014</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">17.03.2011</enrichment>
    <author>Christoph Heinze</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Christopher Schwenk</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Welding simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Low transformation temperature filler material</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Martensitic transformation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Retained austenite</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>24693</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2011</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>81</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>85</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>3</issue>
    <volume>29</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace>Tokyo, Japan</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Yosetsu Gakkai</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">In-situ analysis of solid state phase transformation in TRIP-aided steels by synchrotron diffraction</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Energy dispersive synchrotron diffraction (EDXRD) analysis and 3 dimensional digital image correlations were conducted to investigate the stress and strain effected transformation behavior during tensile loading of low alloyed TRansformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steel. This technique allowed for phase specific stress measurement during certain tensile load steps in the elastic and also plastic regime. Additionally the simultaneous determination of the load dependent phase content was realized. The results show that the martensite transformation starts only after exceeding the overall yield point and is finished before reaching the uniform elongation, whereas a large portion of the austenite remains unchanged in the structure. Furthermore, the martensite transformation related to the stress in the γ-phase and α-phase was analyzed and quantified.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Quarterly journal of the Japan Welding Society</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">27372</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.2207/qjjws.29.81s</identifier>
    <identifier type="url">https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/qjjws/29/3/29_3_81s/_pdf</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0288-4771</identifier>
    <author>Stephan Brauser</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synchrotron</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>EDXRD</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Phase transformation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TRIP steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digital image correlation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>54494</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>564</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>571</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>38</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigation of residual stresses and microstructure effects on the fatigue behaviour of a L-PBF AlSi10Mg alloy</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Al-Si alloys produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) techniques allow the fabrication of lightweight free-shape components that find space in aerospace, automotive, biomedical and military applications. Due to the high cooling rates occurring during the building process, L-PBF AlSi10Mg alloys exhibit an ultra-fine microstructure that leads to superior mechanical properties in the as-built condition compared to conventional cast Al-Si materials. Nevertheless, L-PBF processing induces high thermal gradients, leading to deleterious residual stress levels that must be considered to avoid part distortion and unpredicted failures. In order to relax detrimental residual stress and to increase the ductility, post-processing stress relief treatments are generally performed. In as-built condition the hypoeutectic AlSi10Mg microstructure consist of fine α-Al cells containing uniformly dispersed silicon nanoparticles, which are, in addition, surrounded by a eutectic Si network. Above 260°C the silicon interconnectivity starts to breakdown into spheroidized particles and to coarsen. At the same time, the heating residual stresses are relieved. &#13;
The objective of the contribution is to investigate, under different heat treatment conditions, the evolution of microstructure and residual stresses in view of optimizing the fatigue performance of the alloy. To this purpose various heat treatments in a range of temperatures between 265°C and 300°C for a duration between 15 minutes and 2 hours are performed. The microstructure modifications are analysed using a scanning electron microscope and the residual stress state is measured by laboratory X-ray diffraction.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Procedia Structural Integrity</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.prostr.2022.03.057</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2452-3216</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-544942</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">FATIGUE DESIGN 2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">17.11.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">18.11.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">07.05.2025</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Ilaria Roveda</author>
    <author>Itziar Serrano-Munoz</author>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Mauro Madia</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>AlSi10Mg alloy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>L-PBF</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Heat treatment</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/54494/2021_Roveda.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>36886</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of weld repair by gouging on the residual stresses in high strength steels</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Carbon arc-air gouging is a common technology when repairing defects in welded structures. Often this technique is applied in repeated cycles even on the same location of the joint. Due to the multiple heat input by gouging and subsequent re-welding, the residual stresses are strongly influenced. This can become crucial when microstructure and mechanical properties are adversely affected by multiple weld reparations. Knowledge about the relation of gouging and residual stresses is scarce but important when high strength steels, which are sensitive to residual stresses, are processed. The present study shows the effect of repair welding on a high strength steel structural element. The weld and the heat affected zone were subjected to multiple thermal cycles by gouging and subsequent repair welding. The residual stresses were determined by X-ray diffraction at different positions along the joint. The results showed that the residual stress level has increased by the repair cycles. This is most pronounced for the heat affected zone. Adapted welding procedures may prevent detrimental residual stress distributions.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">International Conference on Residual Stresses 10</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Sydney, Australia</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">03.07.2016</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">07.07.2016</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Repair welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Carbon arc-air gouging</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>24604</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2011</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>581</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>591</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>7</issue>
    <volume>46</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Sage</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>London</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">High-energy synchrotron diffraction study of a transformation induced plasticity steel during tensile deformation</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction offers the possibility for measurement and evaluation of diffraction spectra containing information of various diffraction lines of all contributing crystalline phases of a material. Combined strain imaging and diffraction analysis was conducted during the tensile test of a low alloyed transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel in order to investigate the transformation induced plasticity, strain hardening, and load partitioning effects. Optical strain imaging allowed for determination of localized true strains from three-dimensional deformations measured in situ. High-energy synchrotron radiation has permitted diffraction analysis in transmission mode to gather information from the material interior. Phase-specific stress evolution during loading could be observed applying the sin2ψ technique during certain load steps. The strains of the individual lattice planes were determined in different locations under varying angles between loading and perpendicular direction. Using energy-dispersive methods it was also possible to determine the transformation behaviour during elastic and plastic regime taking into account a large number of diffraction lines. The results show that the approach practised here enables one to pull together macroscopic and phase-specific microscopic material behaviour in order to improve existing models for prediction of complex load situations.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">The journal of strain analysis for engineering design</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">27278</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1177/0309324711403969</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0309-3247</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2041-3130</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">28.10.2011</enrichment>
    <author>Arne Kromm</author>
    <author>Stephan Brauser</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>EDXRD</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Residual stress</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Synchrotron</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Martensite transformation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
