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    <id>55948</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
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    <language>eng</language>
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    <title language="eng">Ion distribution in concrete overlay, mapped by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), modified by an embedded zinc anode</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Galvanic corrosion protection by embedded zinc anodes is an accepted technique for the corrosion protection of reinforcing steel in concrete. Galvanic currents flow between the zinc anode and the steel reinforcement due to the potential difference that is in the range of a few hundred mV. The ion distribution was studied on two steel reinforced concrete specimens admixed with 3 wt.% chloride/wt. cement and galvanically protected by a surface applied EZ-anode. On both specimens, a zinc anode was embedded and glued to the concrete surface by a geo-polymer-based chloride-free binder. At one specimen, the EZ-anode was operated for 2,5 years, the EZ-anode at the other specimen was not electrically connected to the reinforcement, this specimen serves as a reference. Both specimens have been stored under identical conditions. The ion distribution between the anode (EZ-anode) and cathode (steel reinforcement) was studied by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) after 7 months, 12 months, and 2,5 years. Results of the LIBS studies on the specimen with activated EZ-anode after 7 months, 12 months, and 2,5 years and of the reference specimen after 2,5 years are reported. Results show that diffusion of ions contributes to the changes in the ion distribution but migration, especially of chlorides towards the EZ-anode is significant despite the weak electric field – several hundred millivolts - generated by the galvanic current. Results show that chloride ions accumulate near the zinc-anode as in water-insoluble zinc-hydroxy chlorides - Simonkolleit.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">ICCRRR 2022</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Capetown, South Africa</enrichment>
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    <author>W. Schwarz</author>
    <author>Gerd Wilsch</author>
    <author>N. Katsumi</author>
    <author>Gino Ebell</author>
    <author>Tobias Völker</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Korrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LIBS</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Zinc</value>
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    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.6 Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
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  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>50247</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2020</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>21</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>31</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>97</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Ernst &amp; Sohn</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
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    <title language="deu">Untersuchungen zum korrosionsauslösenden Chloridgehalt an nicht rostendem ferritischem Betonstahl in Mörtel</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Der maßgebliche Korrosionsschutz von nicht rostendem Stahl in Beton basiert, anders als bei unlegiertem Betonstahl, auf der Ausbildung einer Chromoxidschicht. Die Chromoxidschicht ist in alkalischem und in carbonatisiertem Beton beständig, sodass nicht rostende Stähle in einem passiven Zustand vorliegen.&#13;
Die Initiierung von Lochkorrosionserscheinungen ist dagegen auch an nicht rostenden Stählen in Beton möglich. Der korrosionsauslösende Chloridgehalt ist neben dem Gehalt an Legierungselementen (insbesondere dem Chromgehalt) und der Oberflächenbeschaffenheit auch vom Konzentrationsverhältnis von OH“ zu CI“ im Elektrolyten abhängig. Daher ist prinzipiell zu erwarten, dass in karbonatisierten Betonen geringere Chloridgehalte Korrosion initiieren können als in Betonen mit höheren pH-Werten. Dies gilt in besonderem Maße für nicht rostende Betonstähle mit geringen Chromgehalten, wie z. B. Produkte aus dem Werkstoff 1.4003 (X2CrNi12) mit seiner im Vergleich zu den Standardausteniten geringen Beständigkeit. Um den kritischen korrosionsauslösenden Chloridgehalt am Beispiel eines am Markt verfügbaren ferritischen Chromstahls zu bestimmen, wurden an der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) umfangreiche Untersuchungen zu beschleunigten Korrosionsversuchen in alkalischen und karbonatisierten Mörteln durchgeführt. Mittels Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) konnten die korrosionsauslösenden Chloridgehalte im Phasengrenzbereich Betonstahl-Mörtel ermittelt werden.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Bautechnik</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/bate.201900077</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0932-8351</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">22.01.2020</enrichment>
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    <author>Gino Ebell</author>
    <author>Andreas Burkert</author>
    <author>Tobias Günther</author>
    <author>Gerd Wilsch</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Korrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Betonstahl</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nicht rostender</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LIBS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Chloridgehalt</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Kritischer</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
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    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
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  <doc>
    <id>56057</id>
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    <pageLast>7</pageLast>
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    <issue/>
    <volume>364</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>EDP Sciences</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Les Ulis</publisherPlace>
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    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
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    <title language="eng">Ion distribution in concrete overlay, mapped by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), modified by an embedded zinc anode</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Galvanic corrosion protection by embedded zinc anodes is an accepted technique for the corrosion protection of reinforcing steel in concrete. Galvanic currents flow between the zinc anode and the steel reinforcement due to the potential difference that is in the range of a few hundred mV. &#13;
The ion distribution was studied on two steel reinforced concrete specimens admixed with 3 wt.% chloride/wt. cement and galvanically protected by a surface applied EZ-anode. On both specimens, a zinc anode was embedded and glued to the concrete surface by a geo-polymer-based chloride-free binder. At one specimen, the EZ-anode was operated for 2,5 years, the EZ-anode at the other specimen was not electrically connected to the reinforcement, this specimen serves as a reference. Both specimens have been stored under identical conditions. The ion distribution between the anode (EZ-ANODE) and cathode (steel reinforcement) was studied by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) after 7 months, 12 months, and 2,5 years. Results of the LIBS studies on the specimen with  activated EZ-anode after 7 months, 12 months, and 2,5 years and of the reference specimen after 2,5 years are reported. Results show that diffusion of ions contributes to the changes in the ion distribution but migration, especially of chlorides towards the EZ-anode is significant despite the weak electric field – several hundred millivolts - generated by the galvanic current. Results show that chloride ions accumulate near the zinc-anode as in water-insoluble zinc-hydroxy chlorides - Simonkollite.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">MATEC web of conferences</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1051/matecconf/202236404023</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-560576</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2261-236X</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">ICCRRR 2022</enrichment>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>W. Schwarz</author>
    <author>Gerd Wilsch</author>
    <author>N. Katsumi</author>
    <author>Gino Ebell</author>
    <author>Tobias Völker</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Corrosion</value>
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      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LIBS</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
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      <value>Zinc</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Anode</value>
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    <collection role="ddc" number="624">Ingenieurbau</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7 Bauwerkssicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Infrastruktur</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">7.6 Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/56057/matecconf_iccrrr22_04023.pdf</file>
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