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  <doc>
    <id>58103</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigation of the behavior of thin polymeric films including the adsorbed layer on the substrate by nano-sized relaxation spectroscopy and complementary methods</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Thin polymeric films are of great importance of high number of high-tech applications for instance in sensors and nanoelectronics. Form the scientific point of view thin films with thickness below 100 nm are ideal model systems to study confinement effects on its properties for instance on the molecular relaxation processes. In this contribution an overview is presented about the behavior of different systems as investigated by nanosized relaxation spectroscopy like broadband dielectric spectroscopy employing nano structured capacitors and AC chip calorimetry complimented by ellipsometry. The systems considered are PVME1, PVME/PS blends2,3 P2VP4, PBAC5 and polysulfone6. Besides the film also the adsorbed layer on the substrate prepared by a leaching approach and investigated by AFM is considered.1,4-7. For these investigationsss it is found that the adsorbed layer itself exhibits a relaxation dynamics which might be assigned either to molecular motions or to adsorptions desorption kinetics.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">9. International Discussion Meeting Relaxation Complex Systems</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Chiba, Japan</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.08.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">18.08.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Paulina Szymoniak</author>
    <author>Hassan Omar</author>
    <author>Marcel Gawek</author>
    <author>Andreas Hertwik</author>
    <author>Sherif Madkour</author>
    <author>Andreas Schönhals</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thin polymer films</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.2 Material- und Oberflächentechnologien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.6 Digitale Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Advanced Materials</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57834</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>14</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley online library</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Structure of plasma deposited acrylic acid‐allyl alcohol copolymers</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Copolymer thin films with two types of functional groups have excellent performance as sensors, for example. The formation and deposition of allyl alcohol‐acrylic acid copolymer films by pulsed high frequency plasma is a complex process. As usual, the chemical composition of the top surface of the films was investigated by XPS and FTIR measurements. Furthermore, contact angle measurements with water were used to characterise the hydrophilicity and wettability of the polymer films.&#13;
After plasma deposition, a significant decrease in functional groups (OH and COOH) was observed compared to the classically copolymerised equivalent.&#13;
The remaining functional groups, i.e. the majority of these groups, were sufficient for application as sensor layers. Segmental mobility and conductivity, important for sensor applications, were analysed by broadband dielectric spectroscopy.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Plasma Processes and Polymers</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/ppap.202300071</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-578349</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1612-8850</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">24.07.2023</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Alaa Fahmy</author>
    <author>Hassan Omar</author>
    <author>Paulina Szymoniak</author>
    <author>Andreas Schönhals</author>
    <author>J. Friedrich</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Plasma Polymerization</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.6 Digitale Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/57834/Plasma Processes   Polymers - 2023 .pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60959</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Signature of the Adsorbed Layer on the glass transition of thin polymer Films: Broadband Dielectric spectroscopy and related techniques</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In well annealed thin polymer films with non-repulsive polymer/substrate interaction with a substrate an irreversibly adsorbed layer is expected to form. These adsorbed layers have shown a great potential for technological applications [1]. However, the growth kinetics and the molecular mobility of the adsorbed layer is still not fully understood. This concerns also the influence of the adsorbed layer on the thickness dependence of the glass transition temperature of thin films. This is partly due to the difficult accessibility of these layers in thin films. Here, the irreversibly adsorbed layers of semi-rigid mail chain polymers like polycarbonate or polysulfone are revealed by solvent-leaching experiments. First, the growth kinetics of these layers is investigated as a function of annealing time. The film thickness, topography and the quality of the adsorbed layer is controlled by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Secondly, the molecular mobility of the adsorbed layer is investigated by Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS). A developed nanostructured capacitor arrangement is employed to measure the layer with a free surface. In addition to the dielectric experiments, spectroscopic Ellipsometry measurements are carried out to estimate the glass transition of the thin films. The thickness dependence of the glass transition of the thin films is correlated with the adsorbed layer [2,3].&#13;
&#13;
Acknowledgments&#13;
D. Hülagü and G. Hidde thanked for the help with the ellipsometry measurements.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">12. Conference on Broabband Dielectric Spectroscopy and its Application</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Lisbon, Portugal</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">01.09.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">06.09.2024</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Hassan Omar</author>
    <author>Andreas Hertwig</author>
    <author>Paulina Szymoniak</author>
    <author>Andreas Schönhals</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thin films</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.6 Digitale Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Advanced Materials</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62342</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>241</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>254</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>21</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>RSC</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Molecular Mobility of Thin Films of Poly (bisphenol-A carbonate) Capped and with one Free Surface: From Bulk-like Samples down to the Adsorbed Layer</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The molecular mobility of thin films of poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PBAC) was systematically investigated using broadband dielectric spectroscopy, employing two distinct electrode configurations. First, films were prepared in a capped geometry between aluminum electrodes employing a crossed electrode capacitor (CEC) configuration, down to film thicknesses of 40 nm. The Vogel temperature, derived from the temperature dependence of relaxation rate of the α-relaxation, increases with decreasing film thickness characterized by an onset thickness. The onset thickness depends on the annealing conditions, with less intense annealing yielding a lower onset thickness. Additionally, a broadening of the β-relaxation peak was observed with decreasing thickness, attributed to the interaction of phenyl groups with thermally evaporated aluminum, resulting in a shift of certain relaxation modes to higher temperatures relative to the bulk material. A novel phenomenon, termed the slow Arrhenius process (SAP), was also identified in proximity to the α-relaxation temperature.&#13;
For films with thicknesses below 40 nm, nanostructured electrodes (NSE) were utilized, incorporating nanostructured silica spacers to establish a free surface with air. This free surface causes an enhancement in the molecular mobility for the 40 nm sample, preserving the β-relaxation as a distinct peak. The α-relaxation was detectable in the dielectric loss down to 18 nm, shifting to higher temperatures as film thickness is decreased. Notably, the onset thickness for the increase in Vogel temperature was lower in the NSE configuration compared to the CEC setup, attributed to the presence of the polymer-air interface.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Soft Matter</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1039/d4sm01238k</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1744-6848</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-623422</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">06.01.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Hassan Omar</author>
    <author>Shayan Ahmadi</author>
    <author>Paulina Szymoniak</author>
    <author>Andreas Schönhals</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thin polymer films</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Advanced Materials</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/62342/Soft Matter 21_2025_241_254.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57453</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>14473</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>14483</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>21</issue>
    <volume>13</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>RSC Publishing</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>London</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Growth kinetics of the adsorbed layer of poly(bisphenol A carbonate) and its effect on the glass transition behavior in thin films</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The glass transition behavior of thin films of poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PBAC) was studied employing ellipsometry. The glass transition temperature increases with the reduction of the film thickness. This result is attributed to the formation of an adsorbed layer with a reduced mobility compared to bulk PBAC. Therefore, for the first time, the growth kinetics of the adsorbed layer of PBAC was investigated, prepared by leaching samples from a 200 nm thin film which were annealed for several times at three different temperatures. The thickness of each prepared adsorbed layer was measured by multiple scans using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Additionally, an unannealed sample was measured. Comparison of the measurements of the unannealed and the annealed samples provides proof of a pre-growth regime for all annealing temperatures which was not observed for other polymers. For the lowest annealing temperature after the pre-growth stage only a growth regime with a linear time dependence is observed. For higher annealing temperatures the growth kinetics changes from a linear to a logarithmic growth regime at a critical time. At the longest annealing times the films showed signs of dewetting where segments of the adsorbed film were removed from the substrate (dewetting by desorption). The dependence of the surface roughness of the PBAC surface on annealing time also confirmed that the films annealed at highest temperatures for the longest times desorbed from the substrate.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">RSC Advances</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1039/D3RA02020G</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2046-2069</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-574531</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">22.05.2023</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Hassan Omar</author>
    <author>Gundula Hiid</author>
    <author>Paulina Szymoniak</author>
    <author>Andreas Hertwig</author>
    <author>Andreas Schönhals</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Ultra thin polymer films</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.6 Digitale Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Advanced Materials</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/57453/RSC Advances 13_2033_14473-14483.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60770</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>12</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>5</issue>
    <volume>161</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>AIP Publishing</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Investigations of the adsorbed layer of polysulfone: Influence of the thickness of the adsorbed layer on the glass transition of thin films</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This work studies the influence of the adsorbed layer on the glass transition of thin films of polysulfone. Therefore, the growth kinetics of the irreversibly adsorbed layer of polysulfone on silicon substrates was first investigated using the solvent leaching approach, and the thickness of the remaining layer was measured with atomic force microscopy. Annealing conditions before leaching were varied in temperature and time (0–336 h). The growth kinetics showed three distinct regions: a pre-growth step where it was assumed that phenyl rings align parallel to the substrate at the shortest annealing times, a linear growth region, and a crossover from linear to logarithmic growth observed at higher temperatures for the longest annealing times. No signs of desorption were observed, pointing to the formation of a strongly adsorbed layer.&#13;
Second, the glass transition of thin polysulfone films was studied in dependence on the film thickness using spectroscopic ellipsometry. Three annealing conditions were compared: two with only a tightly bound layer formed in the linear growth regime and one with both tightly bound and loosely adsorbed layers formed in the logarithmic growth regime. The onset thickness and increase in the glass transition temperature increases with annealing time and temperature. These differences were attributed to the distinct conformations of the formed adsorbed layers.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">The Journal of Chemical Physics</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1063/5.0223415</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-607701</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0021-9606</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">12.08.2024</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Hassan Omar</author>
    <author>Shayan Ahamadi</author>
    <author>Deniz Hülagü</author>
    <author>Gundula Hidde</author>
    <author>Andreas Hertwig</author>
    <author>Paulina Szymoniak</author>
    <author>Andreas Schönhals</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Glass transition</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Adsorbed Layer</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.6 Digitale Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Advanced Materials</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/60770/Journal Chemical Physics_161_2024_054904.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>52666</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2021</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1634</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>10</issue>
    <volume>13</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>MDPI</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Calorimetric and Dielectric Investigations of Epoxy-Based Nanocomposites with Halloysite Nanotubes as Nanofillers</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Epoxy nanocomposites are promising materials for industrial applications (i.e., aerospace, marine and automotive industry) due to their extraordinary mechanical and thermal properties. Here, the effect of hollow halloysite nanotubes (HNT) on an epoxy matrix (Ep) was the focus of the study. The structure and molecular mobility of the nanocomposites were investigated using a combination of X-ray scattering, calorimetry (differential (DSC) and fast scanning calorimetry (FSC)) and dielectric spectroscopy. Additionally, the effect of surface modification of HNT (polydopamine (PDA) and Fe(OH)3 nanodots) was considered. For Ep/HNT, the glass transition temperature (Tg) is was de-creased due to a nanoparticle-related decrease of the crosslinking density. For the modified system, Ep/m-HNT, the surface modification resulted in enhanced filler–matrix interactions leading to higher Tg values than the pure epoxy in some cases. For Ep/m-HNT, the amount of interface formed between the nanoparticles and the matrix ranged from 5% to 15%. Through BDS measurements, localized fluctuations were detected as a β- and γ-relaxation, related to rotational fluctuations of phenyl rings and local reorientations of unreacted components. A combination of calorimetry and BDS dielectric spectroscopy revealed a dynamic and structural heterogeneity of the matrix, as confirmed by two glassy dynamics in both systems, related to regions with different crosslinking densities.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Polymers</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3390/polym13101634</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-526668</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">03.06.2021</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Hassan Omar</author>
    <author>Glen Jacob Smales</author>
    <author>S. Henning</author>
    <author>Z. Li</author>
    <author>D.-Y. Wang</author>
    <author>Andreas Schönhals</author>
    <author>Paulina Szymoniak</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Rigid amorphous fraction</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Epoxy nanocomposites</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Halloysite nanotubes</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>X-ray scattering</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Differential scanning calorimetry</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Broadband dielectric spectroscopy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Flash DSC</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.5 Synthese und Streuverfahren nanostrukturierter Materialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.6 Digitale Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Advanced Materials</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/52666/polymers-13-01634.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60677</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>16</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
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    <title language="eng">The influence of water released from particles in epoxy‐based nanocomposites</title>
    <abstract language="eng">AbstractRecent studies have hypothesized that the reinforcing effects of boehmite nanoparticles (BNPs) in polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) are partly related to the particles themselves and partly to the water released from the BNP during curing. In this work, PNCs made from dried BNP (dBNP) with concentrations up to 15 wt% are investigated to differentiate particle and water related effects. The observed trend of the storage modulus in dynamic mechanical thermal analysis measurements was found to be independent of the drying procedure. Stiffness maps from intermodulation atomic force microscopy showed that dBNP leads to a stiffening of the interphase surrounding the particles compared with the unaffected epoxy matrix, while a softer interphase was reported for PNCs with as received BNP. A slight decrease in the glass transition temperature was observed by broadband dielectric spectroscopy related to a lowered crosslink density due to the particles. A significantly higher decrease was reported for PNCs with BNP, attributed to water influencing the curing process. In conclusion, the stiffening of PNC with BNP is related to the particles themselves, while the release of water causes the formation of a soft interphase in the vicinity of the particles and a significant decrease in crosslink density.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Applied Polymer Science</parentTitle>
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In this work, PNCs made from dried BNP (dBNP) with concentrations up to 15\u2009wt% are investigated to differentiate particle and water related effects. The observed trend of the storage modulus in dynamic mechanical thermal analysis measurements was found to be independent of the drying procedure. Stiffness maps from intermodulation atomic force microscopy showed that dBNP leads to a stiffening of the interphase surrounding the particles compared with the unaffected epoxy matrix, while a softer interphase was reported for PNCs with as received BNP. A slight decrease in the glass transition temperature was observed by broadband dielectric spectroscopy related to a lowered crosslink density due to the particles. A significantly higher decrease was reported for PNCs with BNP, attributed to water influencing the curing process. 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    <title language="eng">Growth kinetics of the adsorbed layer of poly(2-vinylpyridine) - An indirect observation of desorption of polymers from substrates</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The growth kinetics of the adsorbed layer of poly(2-vinylpiridine) on silicon oxide is studied using a leaching technique which is based on the Guiselin brushes approach. The adsorbed layer is grown from a 200 nm thick P2VP film for several annealing time periods at different annealing temperatures. Then the film is solvent-leached, and the height of the remaining adsorbed layer is measured by atomic force microscopy. At the lowest annealing temperature only a linear growth regime is observed, followed by a plateau. Here, the molecular mobility of segments is too low to allow for a logarithmic growth. At higher annealing temperatures, both linear and logarithmic growth regimes are observed, followed by a plateau. At even higher annealing temperatures, the growth kinetics of the adsorbed layer changes.&#13;
A linear growth followed by logarithmic growth kinetics is observed for short annealing time periods. For longer annealing time periods, an upturn of the growth kinetics is observed. At the highest annealing temperature, only a logarithmic growth regime is found. The change in the growth kinetics is discussed by an alteration in the structure of the adsorbed layer. Moreover, the interaction between the polymer segments and the substrate becomes weaker due to both enthalpic and entropic effects. Therefore, at high annealing temperatures the polymer segments might more easily desorb from the substrate.</abstract>
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