<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>35103</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>srp</language>
    <pageFirst>491</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>497</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>4</issue>
    <volume>58</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Drustvo za Unapredjivanje Zavarivanja u Srbiji</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Beograd</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="srp">Influence of grain size on mechanical properties of aluminium GTA weld metal</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Surface modification of mild steel was undertaken using two covered electrodes and two tubular electrodes. The two covered electrodes are DIN 8555: E6-UM-60 and E10-UM-60GR; however, the two tubular electrodes are E10-GF-60GR1 and E10-GF-60GR2. Chemical analysis for the weld metal and XRD of the flux covering for covered electrodes and flux core for tubular electrodes were conducted. The most important factor in determining the wear resistance is the microstructure of the deposit layers. In similar carbon equivalent electrodes E10-UM-60GR and E10-GF-60GR1, electrode E10-GF-60GR1 (tubular) shows larger carbides area fraction and better wear resistance than electrode E10-UM-60GR (covered). This could be attributed to a lower dilution associated with tubular electrode compared with covered electrode. The two tubular electrodes showed higher wear resistance than the covered electrodes which is mainly due to the larger Fe-Cr carbide precipitation area fraction.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="srp">Zavarivanje i zavarene konstrukcije</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">38256</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0354-7965</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-014-0132-0</identifier>
    <author>Philipp Schempp</author>
    <author>Ralf Häcker</author>
    <author>Andreas Pittner</author>
    <author>C.E. Cross</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>srp</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>GTA welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>srp</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Aluminium</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>srp</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Grain refinement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>srp</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Tensile tests</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>srp</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Tear tests</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>28065</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2013</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>293</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>304</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>3</issue>
    <volume>57</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Oxford</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>International Institute of Welding</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of grain size on mechanical properties of aluminium GTA weld metal</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Grain refinement is an important possibility to enhance the mechanical properties such as strength, ductility and toughness of aluminium weld metal. In this study, grain refinement was achieved through the addition of commercial grain refiner Al Ti5B1 to gas tungsten arc weld metal of the aluminium alloys 1050A (Al 99.5) and 5083 (Al Mg4.5Mn0.7). The grain refiner additions led to a significant reduction of the weld metal mean grain size (Alloy 1050A, 86 %; Alloy 5083, 44 %) with a change in grain shape from columnar to equiaxed. Tensile tests showed for Alloy 5083 that the weld metal's ductility can be increased through grain refinement. No improvement in weld metal strength (i.e. yield strength and ultimate tensile strength) was observed. Furthermore, tear tests with notched specimens revealed that the resistance against initiation and propagation of cracks in the weld metal can be enhanced through grain refinement. The toughness was observed to increase clearly by grain refinement in weld metal of commercial pure Al (Alloy 1050A). In Alloy 5083 weld metal, the toughness was not improved through grain refinement, likely because of a semi-continuous network of brittle intermetallic phases that facilitate crack propagation.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the world</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">30910</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-013-0026-6</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0043-2288</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1878-6669</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">18.04.2013</enrichment>
    <author>Philipp Schempp</author>
    <author>C.E. Cross</author>
    <author>Ralf Häcker</author>
    <author>Andreas Pittner</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>GTA welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Aluminium</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Grain size</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Tensile tests</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Dynamic fracture tests</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>27907</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2013</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>98</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>107</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>ASM international</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of alloy and solidification parameters on grain refinement in aluminium weld metal due to inoculation</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Refinement of the weld metal grain structure can improve the mechanical properties of the weld and decrease the susceptibility to solidification cracking of the weld metal. In this study, commercial Al Ti5B1 grain refiner was used to refine the microstructure of LB (laser beam) and GTA (gas tungsten arc) aluminum welds by inoculation. The grain refiner additions led to a significant decrease in the weld metal mean grain size whereby a transition from columnar to equiaxed grain structure (Columnar to Equiaxed Transition, CET) was observed. The development of both grain size and shape depended upon the base metal (Al alloys 1050A, 5083 and 6082) and upon the welding process. The GTA welding process allowed a more pronounced and a more efficient refinement than in LB welds. Furthermore, the influence of the solidification conditions on the CET was investigated through temperature measurements in the weld metal. The temperature profiles revealed a faster solidification of LB welds than in GTA welds. The results from the temperature measurements were also used to estimate (according to an existing model) the critical thermal gradient at which the CET occurs.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Trends in welding research - Proceedings of the 9th international conference</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">30748</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-1-62708-998-2</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">9th International conference on trends in welding research</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Chicago, Illinois, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">04.06.2012</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">08.06.2012</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">27.03.2013</enrichment>
    <author>Philipp Schempp</author>
    <author>Andreas Pittner</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <author>Z. Tang</author>
    <author>T. Seefeld</author>
    <author>C.E. Cross</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Aluminium</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>LBW</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>GTAW</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Grain refinement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alloy 1050A</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alloy 5083</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alloy 6082</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Al Ti5B1</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>28656</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2013</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>3198</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>3210</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>7</issue>
    <volume>44A</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Warrendale</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of solute content and solidification parameters on grain refinement of aluminum weld metal</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Grain refinement provides an important possibility to enhance the mechanical properties (e.g., strength and ductility) and the weldability (susceptibility to solidification cracking) of aluminum weld metal. In the current study, a filler metal consisting of aluminum base metal and different amounts of commercial grain refiner Al Ti5B1 was produced. The filler metal was then deposited in the base metal and fused in a GTA welding process. Additions of titanium and boron reduced the weld metal mean grain size considerably and resulted in a transition from columnar to equiaxed grain shape (CET). In commercial pure aluminum (Alloy 1050A), the grain-refining efficiency was higher than that in the Al alloys 6082 and 5083. Different welding and solidification parameters influenced the grain size response only slightly. Furthermore, the observed grain-size reduction was analyzed by means of the undercooling parameter P and the growth restriction parameter Q, which revealed the influence of solute elements and nucleant particles on grain size.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Metallurgical and materials transactions A</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">31531</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s11661-013-1649-3</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1073-5623</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1543-1940</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">17.06.2013</enrichment>
    <author>Philipp Schempp</author>
    <author>C.E. Cross</author>
    <author>Andreas Pittner</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Aluminium</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>GTA welding</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Grain refinement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alloy 1050A</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alloy 5083</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Alloy 6082</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Al Ti5B1</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>30415</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>69-s - 77-s</pageFirst>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>March</issue>
    <volume>93</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>American Welding Society</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>New York, NY</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Welding Research Council</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Solidification of GTA aluminium weld metal: Part 2 - Thermal conditions and model for columnar-to-equiaxed transition</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding journal</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">33388</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0043-2296</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0096-7629</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">24.03.2014</enrichment>
    <author>Philipp Schempp</author>
    <author>C.E. Cross</author>
    <author>Andreas Pittner</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Aluminium</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Columnar to equiaxed transition (CET)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermal analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>30806</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>177</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>181</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>3</issue>
    <volume>13</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>DVS - German Welding Society</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Düsseldorf</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Grain structure in aluminium TIG welds</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The microstructure of a fusion weld has great influences on the susceptibility of the base material to hot cracking and on the mechanical properties of the weld. Small, globulitic grains are necessary for increased strength, ductility and toughness and for a low inclination to hot cracking instead of large, oblong grains. This study reports on the factors which exert the main influences on such grain refinement in the weld. Thus, the influences of the thermal conditions, the chemical composition of the weld metal and the number and type of solidification nuclei on the microstructure were classified for the TIG welding of three different aluminium alloys.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding and cutting</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">33786</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1612-3433</identifier>
    <author>Philipp Schempp</author>
    <author>Andreas Pittner</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>30717</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>120</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>125</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>3</issue>
    <volume>66</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Verl. für Schweißen u. Verwandte Verfahren, DVS-Verl.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Düsseldorf</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Deutscher Verband für Schweißen und Verwandte Verfahren</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Kornstruktur in Aluminium-WIG-Schweißnähten</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die Mikrostruktur einer Schmelzschweißnaht hat großen Einfluss auf die Heißrissanfälligkeit des Grundwerkstoffs und die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Schweißnaht. Für eine erhöhte Festigkeit, Duktilität und Zähigkeit und eine geringe Heißrissneigung sind anstatt großer, länglicher Körner kleine, globulitische Körner notwendig. Diese Studie berichtet über die Faktoren, die eine solche Schweißnahtkornfeinung hauptsächlich beeinflussen. So wurde für das Wolfram-Intertgasschweißen (WIG-Schweißen) von drei verschiedenen Aluminiumlegierungen der Einfluss der thermischen Bedingungen, der chemischen Zusammensetzung des Schweißguts und der Anzahl und Art der Erstarrungskeime auf die Mikrostruktur klassifiziert.</abstract>
    <abstract language="eng">The microstructure of fusion welds has a significant influence on the susceptibility of the base material to hot cracking and on the mechanical properties of the weld. Small, globulitic grains are important for increased strength, ductility and toughness and for a low susceptibility to solidification cracking instead of large, columnar grains. This study shows the main influences on such weld metal grain refinement. Therefore, the influence of thermal conditions, the chemical composition of the weld metal and the number and type of solidification nuclei on the microstructure were classified for the TIG welding of three different aluminium alloys.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Schweißen und Schneiden : Fachzeitschrift für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">33694</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0036-7184</identifier>
    <author>Philipp Schempp</author>
    <author>Andreas Pittner</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Aluminium/Aluminiumlegierungen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Festigkeit</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Metallurgische Fragen</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Rissbildung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Werkstofffragen</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>30413</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2014</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>53-s</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>59-s</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>93</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>American Welding Society</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>New York, NY</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Welding Research Council</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Solidification of GTA aluminium weld metal: Part I - Grain morphology dependent upon alloy composition and grain refiner content</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The solidification conditions during welding strongly influence the weid metal microstructure and mechanical properties of a weid. In the first part of this study, the grain morphology of gas tungsten arc (GTA) bead-on-plate welds was investigated for the aluminum Alloys 1050A (Al 99.5), 6082 (Al SifMgMn), and 5083 (AI Mg4.5Mn0.7). The experiments revealed that increasing welding speed and alloy content allow the growth of small, equiaxed grains, particularly in the weid center.&#13;
Furthermore, increasing grain refiner additions led to a Strong reduction of the weid metal mean grain size and hence facilitated the columnar to equiaxed transition (CET). In addition, wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed in the weid metal TiB2 particles that were surrounded by Al3Ti. This suggests the duplex nucleation theory for nucleation of aluminum grains in GTA weid metal.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding journal</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">33386</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0043-2296</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0096-7629</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">24.03.2014</enrichment>
    <author>Philipp Schempp</author>
    <author>C.E. Cross</author>
    <author>Andreas Pittner</author>
    <author>Gabriele Oder</author>
    <author>R. S. Neumann</author>
    <author>Heidemarie Rooch</author>
    <author>Ilona Dörfel</author>
    <author>Werner Österle</author>
    <author>Michael Rethmeier</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Aluminium</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Grain refinement</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Columnar to equiaxed transition (CET)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Epitaxial nucleation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Duplex nucleation theory</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
