<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>54412</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2022</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>13</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer Nature</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Characterization of Hydrogen Diffusion in Offshore Steel S420G2+M Multi-layer Submerged Arc Welded Joint</title>
    <abstract language="eng">As onshore installation capacity is limited, the increase in the number of offshore wind turbines (OWT) is a major goal. In that connection, the OWTs continuously increase in size and weight and demand adequate foundations concepts like monopiles or tripods. These components are typically manufactured from welded mild steel plates with thickness up to 200 mm. The predominant welding technique is submerged arc welding (SAW). In accordance with the standards, the occurrence of hydrogen-assisted cracking is anticipated by either a minimum waiting time (MWT, before non-destructive testing of the welded joint is allowed) at ambient or a hydrogen removal heat treatment (HRHT) at elevated temperatures. The effectiveness of both can be estimated by calculation of the diffusion time, i.e., diffusion coefficients. In this study, these coefficients are obtained for the first time for a thick-walled S420G2+M offshore steel grade and its multi-layer SAW joint. The electrochemical permeation technique at ambient temperature is used for the determination of diffusion coefficients for both the base material and the weld metal. The coefficients are within a range of 1025 to 1024 mm2/s (whereas the weld metal had the lowest) and are used for an analytical and numerical calculation of the hydrogen diffusion and the related MWT. The results showed that long MWT can occur, which would be necessary to significantly decrease the hydrogen concentration. Weld metal diffusion coefficients at elevated temperatures were calculated from hydrogen desorption experiments by carrier gas hot extraction. They are within a range of 1023 mm2/s and used for the characterization of a HRHT dwell-time. The analytical calculation shows the same tendency of long necessary times also at elevated temperatures. That means the necessary time is strongly influenced by the considered plate thickness and the estimation of any MWT/HRHT via diffusion coefficients should be critically discussed.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1059-9495</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s11665-022-06679-7</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-544127</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">European Congress and Exhibition on Advanced Materials and Process - Euromat 2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">13.09.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">17.09.2021</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">04.04.2022</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Jonathan Nietzke</author>
    <author>Tobias Mente</author>
    <author>Tim Richter</author>
    <author>Thomas Kannengießer</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thick-walled</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen diffusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Offshore</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Submerged arc welding</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="621">Angewandte Physik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/54412/Rhode_et_al-2022-Journal_of_Materials_Engineering_and_Performance.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>61190</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>772</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>782</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>89</issue>
    <volume>89</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam, Netherlands</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Trapping and diffusion in high-pressure hydrogen charged CoCrFeMnNi  high entropy alloy compared to austenitic steel 316L</title>
    <abstract language="eng">High entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted considerable research attention as potential substitute materials for austenitic steels in high-pressure hydrogen environments. The corresponding hydrogen absorption, diffusion and trapping has received less scientific attention. Therefore, the CoCrFeMnNi-HEA was investigated and compared to an austenitic steel AISI 316L. Both were subjected to high-pressure hydrogen charging at 200 bar and 1000 bar. Thermal Desorption Analysis (TDA) was used to clarify the specific desorption behavior and hydrogen trapping. For this purpose, the underlying TDA spectra were analyzed in terms of a reasonable peak deconvolution into a defined number of peaks and the activation energies for the respective and predominant hydrogen trapping sites were then calculated. Both materials show comparable hydrogen diffusivity. However, there were significant differences in the absorbed hydrogen concentrations at both charging pressures. The calculated activation energies suggest strong hydrogen trapping in the CoCrFeMnNi-HEA.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">International Journal of Hydrogen Energy</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">0360-3199</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.393</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-611901</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">06.01.2025</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>Jonathan Nietzke</author>
    <author>Tobias Mente</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-entropy alloy</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen diffusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Trapping</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-pressure charging</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermal desorption analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Energie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Wasserstoff</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Materialdesign</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/61190/IJHE_HPH2_TDA_HEA_316L_Rhode_011024.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>42502</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>495</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>503</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition>1</edition>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>bookpart</type>
    <publisherName>ASME</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>New York, USA</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of experimental conditions and calculation method on hydrogen diffusion coefficient evaluation at elevated temperatures</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Literature provides a wide range of hydrogen diffusion coefficients for low alloyed steels used in power plants. In fact, experimental boundary conditions and calculation methods have influence on the determination of these coefficients. The diffusion and trapping behavior in creep-resistant steel 7CrMoVTiB10-10 has been studied. Based on experimental carrier gas hot extraction (CGHE) data, a numerical model has been developed to describe the hydrogen transport and respective hydrogen distribution at elevated temperatures. The numerical results suggest that common calculation methods for diffusion coefficients are limited for experimental data analysis. The sample preparation time before CGHE experiment influences the determined diffusion coefficients with the consequence that non-homogeneous hydrogen concentration profiles have to be considered in the simulations.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">International Hydrogen Conference (IHC 2016): Materials Performance in Hydrogen Environments</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="isbn">978-0-7918-6138-7</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1115/1.861387_ch56</identifier>
    <author>Michael Rhode</author>
    <author>C. Münster</author>
    <author>Tobias Mente</author>
    <author>Thomas Böllinghaus</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Temperature effect</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen diffusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Creep-resistant steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen assisted cracking</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Carrier gas hot extraction</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>27952</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2013</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>359</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>371</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>3</issue>
    <volume>57</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Oxford</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>International Institute of Welding</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Numerical investigations on cold cracking avoidance in fillet welds of high-strength steels</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Industry faces a growing demand for high-strength structural steels with yield strengths of up to 1,300 MPa in order to cope with increasingly higher strength requirements in engineering. Higher strength levels are achieved by a special coordinated production process and an adapted chemical composition. Nevertheless, disastrous damage cases with high-strength steels have occurred in the past. The sensitivity to mechanical property degradation by hydrogen increases dramatically with strength. This phenomenon leads to hydrogen-assisted cold cracking. T-joints with fillet welds made from one side with an included angle of 60° were examined for their cold cracking behavior. Based on the T-joint, a modified heat input, even interpass temperature, plate thickness, and length ones were examined. The diffusion behavior and the effectiveness of different post-weld heat treatments in joints were simulated. The results of post-weld heat treatments are illustrated in practical hydrogen removal heat treatment diagrams. It is noticed that the T-joint is subject to a very high risk of hydrogen-assisted cold cracking (HACC). Contrary to other joints, its most critical area for cracking is not the weld metal but the heat-affected zone surrounding area of the root pass. The simulation shows that HACC in the T-joint can only be avoided by applying a sufficient post-weld heat treatment.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Welding in the world</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">30794</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40194-013-0036-4</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0043-2288</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1878-6669</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">08.04.2013</enrichment>
    <author>Enrico Steppan</author>
    <author>Tobias Mente</author>
    <author>Thomas Böllinghaus</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>High-strength structural steels</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen diffusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Numerical simulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen-assisted cold cracking (HACC)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>T joints</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fillet welds</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Post-weld heat treatment</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Hydrogen removal heat treatment diagramm (HRHT)</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
