<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<export-example>
  <doc>
    <id>19458</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2009</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>435</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>445</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>3</issue>
    <volume>27</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>World Scientific</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Singapore</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Antioxidant depletion and OIT values of high impact PP strands</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Chinese journal of polymer science</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">21687</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1142/S0256767909004102</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0256-7679</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">04.06.2009</enrichment>
    <author>Werner Müller</author>
    <author>Ines Jakob</author>
    <author>Chunshan Li</author>
    <author>Renate Tatzky-Gerth</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Polypropylene</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stabilizers</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Oxidative resistance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antioxidant depletion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Oxidative induction time</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>7589</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>1995</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>544</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>560</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>8</issue>
    <volume>27</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Erich Schmidt</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Berlin</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Anforderungen an die Schutzschicht für die Dichtungsbahnen in der Kombinationsdichtung - Teil 1: Wirksamkeit (lastverteilende Wirkung und Beständigkeit), Materialien und Prüfverfahren bei Schutzschichten</title>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Müll und Abfall</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">8045</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0027-2957</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1863-9763</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">ZM 88</enrichment>
    <author>Stefan Seeger</author>
    <author>Werner Müller</author>
    <author>Ines Jakob</author>
    <author>Renate Tatzky-Gerth</author>
    <author>Hans August</author>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>14539</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2007</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>20</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>SKZ</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Würzburg</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Südddeutsches Kunststoff-Zentrum</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Funktionsdauer von Kunststoff-Dränelementen für Oberflächenabdichtungen von Deponien und Altlasten</title>
    <parentTitle language="deu">23. Fachtagung - Die sichere Deponie</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">16340</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventName">23. Fachtagung "Die sichere Deponie - Sicherung von Deponien und Altlasten mit Kunststoffen"</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Würzburg, Deutschland</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">2007-02-01</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">2007-02-02</enrichment>
    <author>Werner Müller</author>
    <author>Renate Tatzky-Gerth</author>
    <author>Ines Jakob</author>
    <author>Chunshan Li</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Kunststoff-Dränelemente</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Lebensdauer</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Oberflächenabdichtungen</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>16710</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2008</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>130</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>144</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>26</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Amsterdam</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Long-term shear strength of geosynthetic clay liners</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) often have a sandwich-like multilayer structure, e.g. bentonite encased between two geotextile layers connected by fibers or yarns, either by needle-punching or stitch-bonding. Therefore, the internal shear strength of the GCL depends on the strength of reinforcing fiber bundles or yarns and their anchoring strength in the cover and carrier geotextiles. When used on long and steep slopes and covered with thick soil layers, the GCL is permanently exposed to a combined action of compressive and shear stress. Such load conditions are characteristic for landfill covers and the slope stability of the overall cover system in the long run strongly depends on the long-term internal shear strength of the GCL. A new test method was developed to study this long-term shear behavior. The focus was not only on creep, as it is normally done, but on aging effects. The shear test devices allow the measurement of creep curves and times-to-failure at elevated temperatures in different media (tap water and de-ionized water). In this publication, the main findings of the experiments on needle-punched GCLs with and without thermal treatment are summarized. Tap water as a test medium was essential to ensure sodium to calcium ion exchange in the bentonite layer. Under this condition extremely long test durations without failure were achieved. Sliding failure occurred when de-ionized water was used. Two failure modes were observed: brittle failure of the GCLs with thermal treatment and slow disentanglement of fiber bundles for untreated GCLs. Short-term shear strength (e.g. peel strength) is unrelated to the actual long-term shear strength, i.e. to the times-to-failure achieved in long-term shear strength test. Hence, short-term shear strength alone will not provide reliable dimensioning data for product design and choice of resins. Therefore, the often suggested approach, namely, restriction to short-term tests only and application of factors of safety, is challenged by these results.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Geotextiles and Geomembranes</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">18734</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.geotexmem.2007.08.001</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0266-1144</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">06.03.2008</enrichment>
    <author>Werner Müller</author>
    <author>Ines Jakob</author>
    <author>Stefan Seeger</author>
    <author>Renate Tatzky-Gerth</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Geosynthetic clay liner</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Shear strength</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Oxidative resistance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Test methods</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Long-term testing</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>1349</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2001</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>141</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>147</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>bookpartcollection</type>
    <publisherName>Telford</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>London</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Berlin</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Transport of organic pollutants in composite liners</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">The exploitation of natural resources and the consequences</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">1142</identifier>
    <identifier type="isbn">0-7277-3004-5</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Gh 159/3,2000</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventName">3rd International Symposium on Geotechnics Related to the European Environment ; 3rd GREEN</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">2000-06-21</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">2000-06-23</enrichment>
    <author>Ute Kalbe</author>
    <author>Werner Müller</author>
    <author>Wolfgang Berger</author>
    <author>Renate Tatzky-Gerth</author>
    <author>Jürgen Eckardt</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Composite liner</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Contaminant transport modelling</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>18630</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2008</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>437</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>451</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>6</issue>
    <volume>15</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Telford</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>London, UK</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Long-term water flow capacity of geosynthetic drains and structural stability of their drain cores</title>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Geosynthetics international</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">20789</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1072-6349</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">22.12.2008</enrichment>
    <author>Werner Müller</author>
    <author>Ines Jakob</author>
    <author>Renate Tatzky-Gerth</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Geosynthetics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Drain elements</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Long-term behavior</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Water flow capacity</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Creep behavior</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>18999</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2009</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>28</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>42</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>1</issue>
    <volume>16</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Telford</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>London, UK</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Durability of polyolefin geosynthetic drains</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) has established a testing guideline to assess the suitability of geosynthetic or geocomposite drain (GCD) elements for final landfill cover systems. In an earlier paper the uniform procedure according to the BAM guideline for determining long-term water flow capacity was described, and the structural stability of drain cores under creep was investigated. The extrapolation of creep curves is permissible only when it can be shown, over the extrapolated period (at least 100 years), that oxidative aging does not invoke any relevant changes in the polyolefin material. This can be shown by measuring antioxidant depletion and mechanical degradation of the drain cores and filter/protection geotextiles in oven aging and water immersion tests. In this paper the results of such aging studies on three different GCD products are reported. Degradation of the tensile strength of HALS-stabilized polypropylene needle-punched nonwoven geotextiles (PP NWGTs) starts right from the beginning of the oven aging. This has to be taken into account for lifetime predictions based on residual tensile strength. The rate of oxidative degradation of NWGTs decreases significantly with increasing mass per area. Therefore the expected service life sets a limit on acceptable geotextile grammage. Antioxidant depletion in the drain cores, which are made of relatively thick PP strands or HDPE ribs, is about an order of magnitude slower than in filter and protection NWGTs, which are made of thin fibers. Service life values in excess of 100 years may be obtained for the products when the geotextiles and drain cores are properly stabilized and designed.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Geosynthetics international</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">21185</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1680/gein.2009.16.1.28</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">1072-6349</identifier>
    <enrichment key="bibliotheksstandort">Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">26.02.2009</enrichment>
    <author>Werner Müller</author>
    <author>Ines Jakob</author>
    <author>C.S. Li</author>
    <author>Renate Tatzky-Gerth</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Geosynthetics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Geosynthetic drain elements</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Long-term behavior</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Oxidative degradation</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>29606</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2013</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>48</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>SKZ - Das Kunststoff-Zentrum</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Würzburg</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Die oxidative Alterung von Geokunststoffen aus Polyethylen und Polypropylen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Geokunststoffe aus Polyethylen (PE) oder Polypropylen (PP) müssen mit Antioxidantien (AO) stabilisiert werden, damit sie die für die Anwendung in der Geotechnik erforderliche Lebensdauer erreichen. Die Lebensdauer ist dann aber nicht durch die Empfindlichkeit des Polymers gegen Oxidation, sondern durch den Verlust der AO im Laufe der Zeit bedingt. AO können durch den Verbrauch bei Oxidationsreaktionen, durch den Abbau im Polymer, durch die Wanderung an dessen Oberfläche, durch den Abbau auf der Oberfläche, schließlich durch Abdampfen von der Oberfläche oder durch sich Lösen in einem umgebenden flüssigen Medium verloren gehen. Bei den Geokunststoffen aus PP und PE wie auch bei anderen polyolefinen Kunststoffprodukten findet man häufig zwei bestimmte „Pakete“ aus Antioxidantien: (1) eine Kombination von Substanzen aus bestimmten Klassen von sterisch gehinderten Phenolen und Phosphiten und (2) eine Substanz aus der Klasse der sterisch gehinderten Amine (HAS) in Verbindung mit einer geringfügigen phenolischen und phosphitischen Verarbeitungsstabilisierung der Formmasse. Der Verlust der AO wie auch der oxidative Abbau der mechanischen Eigenschaften des Geokunststoffs verläuft ganz unterschiedlich, je nachdem mit welchem Paket stabilisiert wurde. Diese Unterschiede werden im Rahmen eines „3-Stadien-Modells“ diskutiert. Stadium A: die Antioxidantien gehen verloren. Stadium B: die Oxidation läuft langsam an. Stadium C: die Oxidation wirkt sich mehr oder weniger drastisch auf die Produkteigenschaften aus. Dabei zeigt sich, dass das Modell nur auf das Paket 1 anwendbar ist. Im Falle des Pakets 2 findet in gewissem Umfang schon im Stadium A ein oxidativer Abbau statt, ln beiden Fällen ist es aber die AO-Verlustzeit die eigentlich die Lebensdauer bestimmt. Es werden dann Abschätzungen der Lebensdauer von PEHDDichtungsbahnen und von PP-Vliesstoffen gegeben. Die Prüfung und Bewertung der oxidativen Beständigkeit muss die Eigenart der Wirkung und des Verlusts unterschiedlicher Stabilisierungen berücksichtigen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird die Hochdruck-Autoklav-Prüfung beurteilt. Es werden die Besonderheiten dieser Prüfmethode aufgezeigt, die sich jeweils bei der Anwendung auf Produkte ergeben, die entweder mit dem Paket 1 oder dem Paket 2 stabilisiert wurden. Eine Vorhersage der Lebensdauer unter Anwendungsbedingungen aus den Ergebnissen der Autoklav-Prüfung ist sehr schwierig und vermutlich nur in bestimmten Fällen überhaupt möglich. Ähnliches gilt auch für die vergleichende Bewertung der oxidativen Beständigkeit von Produkten.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Fachtagung Nutzungsdauer von Rohren und Geokunststoffen aus Polyolefinen</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">32532</identifier>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Fachtagung Nutzungsdauer von Rohren und Geokunststoffen aus Polyolefinen</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Würzburg, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">14.11.2013</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">15.11.2013</enrichment>
    <author>Werner Müller</author>
    <author>Ines Jakob</author>
    <author>Daniela Robertson</author>
    <author>Renate Tatzky-Gerth</author>
    <author>Andreas Wöhlecke</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Geokunststoffe</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>PE</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>PP</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Oxidative Alterung</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Graue Literatur</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>25634</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2011</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>411</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>444</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>4</issue>
    <volume>41</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wirtschaftsverl. NW</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Bremerhaven</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Vorläufige Richtlinie für die Zulassung von Bewehrungsgittern aus Kunststoff für Deponieoberflächenabdichtungen</title>
    <parentTitle language="deu">Amts- und Mitteilungsblatt - Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung - Amtliche Bekanntmachungen</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="old">28358</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0340-7551</identifier>
    <author>Werner Müller</author>
    <author>Renate Tatzky-Gerth</author>
    <author>Andreas Wöhlecke</author>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Eigenverlag BAM</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>35630</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2016</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>129</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>142</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>56</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>John Wiley &amp; Sons</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>New York</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation>Society of plastics engineers</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A Study on antioxidant depletion and degradation in polyolefin based geosynthetics: sacrificial versus regenerative stabilization</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Plastic products used in geotechnical engineering, so-called geosynthetics, are often made of polyolefins (polyethylene or polypropylene) and stabilized against oxidative degradation by antioxidants (AO). Three types of AO “packages” are used: (P1) phenols and phosphites/sulfides, (P2) hindered amines (HAS) with a marginal stabilization P1 of the basic resin, (P3) a combination of packages P1 and P2 with comparable amounts of phenol and HAS. We report about long-lasting oven aging and water immersion tests at 80 °C of 29 different polyolefin based products (geomembranes, geonets and geotextiles). Pronounced differences in the degradation behavior were found depending solely on the type of AO package. In case of P1, the oxidative degradation is prevented by the AO. Autocatalytic oxidation only begins after depletion of AO and may lead to catastrophic failure depending on the environmental conditions. In case of P2, degradation starts right from the beginning. However, it is decelerated and proceeds gradually. In case of P3, the degradation behavior seems to be a superposition of the characteristics obtained for P1 and P2. Plotting the fractional loss of the AO in P1 and P2 as function of the square root of aging time, we identified two regimes of AO depletion. We suggest to attribute this observation to the different mechanisms of AO depletion.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Polymer engineering and science</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/pen.24199</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">0032-3888</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">20.04.2016</enrichment>
    <author>Werner Müller</author>
    <author>Ines Jakob</author>
    <author>Renate Tatzky-Gerth</author>
    <author>Andreas Wöhlecke</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Geosynthetics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Oxidation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Antioxidant</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stabilization</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
