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  <doc>
    <id>43406</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Combination of SECM with a multi-electrode analyzer for resolving local processes during microbiologically influenced corrosion</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Electrochemically active bacteria such as iron oxidizing bacteria (IOB) or iron reducing bacteria (IRB) accelerate the corrosion of stainless steel via the oxidation and reduction of iron oxides in the passive layer. The exposure to medium containing IOB and IRB leads to pitting corrosion with deep pits on stainless steel surfaces. Improving corrosion control via a better understanding of localized corrosion processes is highly relevant especially for reasons of safety or environmental protection since advancing pitting corrosion can easily lead to unpredictable material failure. Classic electrochemical methods however, provide insufficient information about the spatial heterogeneity of a corroding sample and fall short in detecting localized corrosion.&#13;
The aim of this work is to develop methods for the analysis of localized corrosion, on stainless steel surfaces induced by IRB and IOB biofilms. It is quite challenging to address the complexity of the variations in the passive layer composition and microstructure as well as the biofilm’s complexity with its local differential aeration cells and electrochemical parameters both at the same time. Thus in this study, agarose artificial biofilms mimicking the physical properties of a natural biofilm have been used as model systems to be able to differentiate between individual effects. This artificial biofilm is applied on a multi-electrode stainless steel sample to identify local anodic sites during exposure experiments. For more detailed analysis of active sites, a scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has been applied. Using the SECM as an amperometric sensor, we have investigated concentration gradients of iron ions or oxygen within the biofilm and its immediate vicinity on actively corroding electrodes.&#13;
&#13;
The presented analytical approach delivers promising results in clarifying how localized corrosion of stainless steels develops chronologically and spatially in the presence of IRBs and IOBs. Our results on model systems do also provide the basis for the investigation of natural biofilms in the future.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">EUROCORR 2017 &amp; 20thICC</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Prague, Czech Republic</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">04.09.2017</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Marco Hampel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Stainless steel</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Local electrochemistry</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>47864</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2019</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>52</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>55</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>101</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Efficient detection of localized corrosion processes on stainless steel by means of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) using a multi-electrode approach</title>
    <abstract language="eng">High resolution analysis of corrosion processes on stainless steels is a challenging task. The application of local electrochemical techniques such as scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has opened new possibilities for the detection of corrosion products and activity on metallic surfaces. However, due to its stochastic nature, the analysis of pitting corrosion requires being at the right place at the right time. Scanning over large areas at a high resolution not only leads to long scan durations but also leaves many short-lived processes undetected. In this paper we present the combined automated operation of SECM and wire multi-electrodes connected to a multi-electrode analyzer (MMA). The inter-electrode currents between 25 wire electrodes connected via zero resistance ammeters (ZRA) are measured by the MMA at open circuit potential (OCP) and the electrodes reporting anodic currents are detected automatically to be analyzed by means of SECM. The results demonstrate the successful application of this methodology for the detection of unstable and stable pitting processes on 304 stainless steel in a corrosive aqueous environment.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Electrochemistry Communications</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.elecom.2019.02.019</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-478646</identifier>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">29.04.2019</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Marco Hampel</author>
    <author>Matthias Schenderlein</author>
    <author>Christian Schary</author>
    <author>Matthias Dimper</author>
    <author>Özlem Özcan Sandikcioglu</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Localised corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/47864/Hampel_et_al._EChemCommun_2019.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>43461</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Multielectrode array probes for early detection of corrosion processes</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Multielectrodes are arrays of single  electrodes arranged in a particular geometry. In our work, all the single electrodes are identical stainless steel X5CrNi18-10 (1.4301) wire electrodes. Using a multielectrode analyser all single electrodes are connected via zero resistance ammeters, simulating a galvanically coupled single electrode surface. The advantage of the multielectrode analyser (MMA) is that the currents flowing between single electrodes can be measured. Thus, real-time maps can be generated indicating where anodic and cathodic areas lie on the surface of the multielectrode and how they behave. &#13;
The combination of the multielectrode analyser with the scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) enables the identification of corrosion sites and the detailed electrochemical analysis.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DECHEMA/GfKORR-Fachgruppe "Mikrobielle Materialzerstörung und Materialschutz"</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">04.10.2017</enrichment>
    <author>Matthias Dimper</author>
    <author>Marco Hampel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Multielectrode array sensors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>43459</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2017</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>poster</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">A new approach for high-resolution analysis of early-stage corrosion processes</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The poster presentation summarizes the recent developments on the combination of scanning electrochemical microscopy with multielectrode arrays for the investigation of local corrosion processes.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">GfKORR Jahrestagung 2017</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Frankfurt am Main, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">07.11.2017</enrichment>
    <author>Marco Hampel</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Multielectrode array sensors</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Corrosion</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
