57307
2023
eng
1
6
article
Royal Society for Chemistry
1
--
--
--
Thermo-Desorption Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for investigating the thermal degradation of polyurethanes
Thermo-Desorption Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) was used to investigate the thermal degradation of two different polyurethanes (PU). PU samples were heated at different heating rates and the desorbed products were collected in a cold injection system and thereafter submitted to GC-MS. Prospects and limitations of the detection and quantification of semi-volatile degradation products were investigated. A temperature dependent PU depolymerization was
found at temperatures above 200 °C proved by an increasing release of 1,4-butanediol and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) representing the main building blocks of both polymers. Their release was monitored quantitatively based on external calibration with authentic compounds. Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) of the residues obtained after thermodesorption confirmed the initial competitive degradation mechanism indicating an equilibrium of crosslinking and depolymerization as previously suggested. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry of SEC fractions of thermally degraded PUs provided additional hints on degradation mechanism.
Analytical Methods
10.1039/D3AY00173C
1759-9660
publish
24.04.2023
Roland Becker
Philipp Scholz
Christian Jung
Steffen Weidner
eng
uncontrolled
Thermo-desorption
eng
uncontrolled
Mass spectrometry
eng
uncontrolled
Polyurethanes
eng
uncontrolled
Thermal degradation
Analytische Chemie
Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien
1.7 Organische Spuren- und Lebensmittelanalytik
4 Material und Umwelt
4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien
6 Materialchemie
6.3 Strukturanalytik
Material
Chemie und Prozesstechnik
Chemische Charakterisierung und Spurenanalytik
Verlagsliteratur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
59185
2023
eng
1
9
article
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
1
--
--
--
eCerto—versatile software for interlaboratory data evaluation and documentation during reference material production
The statistical tool eCerto was developed for the evaluation of measurement data to assign property values and associated uncertainties of reference materials. The analysis is based on collaborative studies of expert laboratories and was implemented using the R software environment. Emphasis was put on comparability of eCerto with SoftCRM, a statistical tool based on the certification strategy of the former Community Bureau of Reference. Additionally, special attention was directed towards easy usability from data collection through processing, archiving, and reporting. While the effects of outlier removal can be flexibly explored, eCerto always retains the original data set and any manipulation such as outlier removal is (graphically and tabularly) documented adequately in the report. As a major reference materials producer, the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) developed and will maintain a tool to meet the needs of modern data processing, documentation requirements, and emerging fields of RM activity. The main features of eCerto are discussed using previously certified reference materials.
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
10.1007/s00216-023-05099-3
urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-591851
true
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ISO, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"key":"5099_CR6","unstructured":"https:\/\/rrr.bam.de\/RRR\/Content\/DE\/Downloads\/RM-Zertifikate\/RM-Umwelt\/bam_u115repe.pdf?__blob=publicationFile\u00a0Accessed: 4 October 2023"},{"key":"5099_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00769-006-0152-6","volume":"11","author":"W Bremser","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bremser W, Becker R, Kipphardt H, Lehnik-Habrink P, Panne U, T\u00f6pfer A. Stability testing in an integrated scheme. Accred Qual Assur. 2006;11:489\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00769-006-0152-6.","journal-title":"Accred Qual Assur."},{"key":"5099_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5483","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-021-03532-z","volume":"413","author":"J Riedel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Riedel J, Recknagel S, Sassenroth D, Mauch T, Buttler S, Sommerfeld T, Penk S, Koch M. Development and certification of a reference material for zearalenone in maize germ oil. 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Fehlerhafte Interpretation und Anwendung von Ausrei\u00dfer-Tests, insbesondere bei Ringversuchen zur \u00dcberpr\u00fcfung analytisch-chemischer Untersuchungsmethoden. Fresenius Z Anal Chem. 1980;303:406\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00470001.","journal-title":"Fresenius Z Anal Chem."},{"key":"5099_CR12","first-page":"106","volume-title":"The Application of Mathematical Statistics to Chemical Analysis","author":"VV Nalimov","year":"1963","unstructured":"Nalimov VV. The Application of Mathematical Statistics to Chemical Analysis. Oxford, London, Paris, Frankfurt: Pergamon Press; 1963. p. 106."},{"key":"5099_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177729885","volume":"21","author":"FE Grubbs","year":"1950","unstructured":"Grubbs FE. Sample criteria for testing outlying observations. Ann Math Statistics. 1950;21:27\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1214\/aoms\/1177729885.","journal-title":"Ann Math Statistics"},{"key":"5099_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.2307\/1267134","volume":"14","author":"FE Grubbs","year":"1972","unstructured":"Grubbs FE, Beck G. Extension of sample sizes and percentage points for significance tests of outlying observations. Technometrics. 1972;14:847\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1267134.","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"key":"5099_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"DIN 1333 (1992): Presentation of numerical data. DIN, Berlin, Germany. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31030\/2426986","DOI":"10.31030\/2426986"}],"container-title":["Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00216-023-05099-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00216-023-05099-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00216-023-05099-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T03:02:54Z","timestamp":1702954974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00216-023-05099-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["5099"],"URL":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/s00216-023-05099-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1618-2642","1618-2650"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1618-2642","type":"print"},{"value":"1618-2650","type":"electronic"}],"subject":["Biochemistry","Analytical Chemistry"],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 December 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 December 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 December 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"SI\u00a01 Excel input of homogeneity data to reprocess data recorded during the evaluation of CRM BAM-U-115. SI\u00a02 Excel input of stability data to reprocess data recorded during the evaluation of CRM ERM-BC715. Load this Excel file with <i>eCerto<\/i>, go to the Stability\/Arrhenius page and enter the value -0.06276 in the input box. This value would be calculated from \u00b5<sub>C<\/sub> and U<sub>abs<\/sub> which are not accessible to <i>eCerto<\/i> without data upload to the C module. SI\u00a03 Excel input files of the collaborative study results to reprocess data recorded during the evaluation of CRM BAM-U-115 (provided as xlsx files numbered from 1 to 17). SI\u00a04 RData file obtained after the evaluation of CRM BAM U-115 with <i>eCerto<\/i>. SI\u00a05 RData file containing parameters Ca and Mg in the certified material ERM-ED103.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Supplementary information"}}]}}
journal-article
publish
27.12.2023
Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Jan Lisec
Sebastian Recknagel
Carsten Prinz
Kristin Vogel
Matthias Koch
Roland Becker
eng
uncontrolled
Reference material
eng
uncontrolled
Statistics
eng
uncontrolled
Software
eng
uncontrolled
Collaborative trial
Analytische Chemie
1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien
1.6 Anorganische Referenzmaterialien
1.7 Organische Spuren- und Lebensmittelanalytik
6 Materialchemie
6.3 Strukturanalytik
Chemie und Prozesstechnik
Verlagsliteratur
Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")
Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM
VP Vizepräsident
VP.1 eScience
Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/59185/Lisec2023.pdf
55886
2022
eng
1
14
99
34
article
Springer
1
--
--
--
Phosphorus determination in sewage sludge: comparison of different aqua regia digestion methods and ICP-OES, ICP-MS and photometric determination
Phosphorus recycling from sewage sludge will be obligatory in Germany from 2029. Phosphorus content determination in sewage sludge is crucial to assess the prescribed recycling rates. Currently, German law regards sample preparation using aqua regia digestion in a microwave or under reflux conditions as well as instrumental phosphorus determination by ICP-OES, ICP-MS, or photometric determination with ammonium molybdate as equivalent. However, it is questionable whether these methods are indeed equivalent regarding phosphorus quantification in sludges near the limit of 20 g/kg for mandatory recycling. To answer this question, 15 sewage sludges of 11 different wastewater treatment plants were investigated with all permitted method (digestion and measurement) combinations. Moreover, one sewage sludge was also examined in an interlaboratory comparison (ILC) with 28 participants. This study shows that the above-mentioned methods differ in some cases significantly but across all method combinations and sludges, phosphorus recovery was between 80 and 121% after normalization to the grand mean (average of 15 sludges between 85 and 111%). The ILC and the examination of 15 sludges produced largely similar results. There is a tendency to higher phosphorus recovery after microwave digestion compared to reflux digestion and ICP-OES measurements determine higher phosphorus contents than ICP-MS and photometric phosphorus determination. As a result, the authors recommend ICP-OES determination of phosphorus in sewage sludge after microwave digestion.
Environmental Sciences Europe
10.1186/s12302-022-00677-1
urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-558869
publish
19.10.2022
Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Theresa Constanze Sichler
Christian Adam
Roland Becker
Andreas Sauer
Markus Ostermann
M. Barjenbruch
eng
uncontrolled
Sewage sludge
eng
uncontrolled
ICP-OES
eng
uncontrolled
Phosphous recovery
eng
uncontrolled
ICP-MS
eng
uncontrolled
Photometric P determination
eng
uncontrolled
Interlaboratory comparison
4 Material und Umwelt
4.4 Thermochemische Reststoffbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung
Umwelt
Circular Economy
Verlagsliteratur
Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")
Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM
Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/55886/Sichler et al. P determination sewage sludge ICP-OES ICP-MS photometry.pdf
https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/55886/Sichler et al. Additional file P determination sewage sludge ICP-OES ICP-MS photometry.pdf
53740
2021
eng
1
4
18
article
Elsevier
0
--
--
--
Support for a European metrology network on food safety Food-MetNet
This paper describes Food-MetNet, a coordinated preparatory initiative to establish the European Metrology Network on Food Safety (EMN-FS). Food-MetNet aims to establish a long-term ongoing dialogue between the metrology community and relevant stakeholders, in particular, European Union Reference Laboratories (EURLs), National Reference Laboratories (NRLs) and the Joint Research Centre (JRC). This dialogue is meant to support the collection of needs from stakeholders, the take-up of metrological research output and the development of the roadmaps needed to navigate future research.
Measurement: Sensors
10.1016/j.measen.2021.100285
publish
false
true
N. Ogrinc
A. M. Rossi
F. Durbiano
Roland Becker
M. Milavec
A. Bogozalec Kosir
E. Kakoulides
H. Ozer
F. Akcadag
H. Goenaga-Infante
M. Quaglia
S. Mallia
G. Umbricht
G. O'Connor
B. Guettler
eng
uncontrolled
Network
eng
uncontrolled
Metrology
eng
uncontrolled
Food
eng
uncontrolled
Safety
eng
uncontrolled
Stakeholders
1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien
1.7 Organische Spuren- und Lebensmittelanalytik
Chemie und Prozesstechnik
Chemische Charakterisierung und Spurenanalytik
Verlagsliteratur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
53742
2021
eng
1
10
12
3
article
John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
1
--
--
--
Indoor exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A comparison of stir bar sorptive extraction and pump sampling
Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) was compared with standardized pump sampling regarding the prospects to assess airborne levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor environments. A historic railway water tower, which will be preserved as a technical monument for museum purposes, was sampled with both approaches because the built-in insulationmaterial was suspected to release PAHs to the indoor air. The 16 PAHs on the US EPA list were quantified using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection in filters from pump sampling after solvent extraction and on SBSE devices after thermal desorption. SBSEwas seen to sample detectable PAHmasseswith excellent repeatability and a congener pattern largely similar to that observed with pump sampling. Congener patterns were however significantly different from that in the PAH source because release from the insulation material is largely triggered by the respective congener vapor pressures. Absolute masses in the ng range sampled by SBSE corresponded to airborne concentrations in the ng L−1 range determined by pump sampling. Principle differences between SBSE and pump sampling as well as prospects of SBSE as cost-effective and versatile complement of pump sampling are discussed.
Engineering Reports
10.1002/eng2.12419
urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-537427
publish
30.12.2021
Creative Commons - CC BY-NC-ND - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 International
Roland Becker
L. Heyn
Christian Jung
eng
uncontrolled
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
eng
uncontrolled
Adsorption
eng
uncontrolled
Extraction
eng
uncontrolled
Indoor air
Analytische Chemie
Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik
1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien
1.7 Organische Spuren- und Lebensmittelanalytik
Umwelt
Chemie und Prozesstechnik
Chemische Charakterisierung und Spurenanalytik
Verlagsliteratur
Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")
Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM
Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/53742/2021_eng_rep.pdf
53579
2021
eng
8465
8477
19
103
article
Taylor & Francis
London
1
--
--
--
Comparison of gas- and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for trace analysis of anilines in groundwater
Three chromatographic procedures were investigated regarding their potential for the quantification of aniline and 19 of its methylated and chlorinated derivatives in groundwater. These methods were based on liquid-liquid-extraction in combination with gas chromatography and single quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC/MS) according to German standard DIN 38407-16:1999 and its extension using tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS-MS), both following liquid-liquid extraction, and as third alternative the direct injection of the water sample into a liquid chromatograph coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS). Results were compared using fortified water and real-world contaminated groundwater used in an interlaboratory comparison. It could be shown that GC/MS and GC/MS-MS yielded results deviating less than 10% from each other while all three procedure displayed quantification results deviating less than 15% from the intercomparison reference values in case of each analyte in the concentration range between 1 and 45 µg L-1. Though GC/MS-MS displays a ten-fold higher sensitivity than single quadrupole GC/MS, the precision of both methods in the concentration range was similar. LC/MS-MS has the advantage of no further sample preparation due to the direct injection and leads for methylanilines and meta-, para- substituted chloroanilines to results sufficiently equivalent to the standardised GC/MS method. However, LC/MS-MS is not suitable for ortho-chloroaniline derivates due to significantly lower ion yields than meta- and para-substituted chloroanilines.
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
10.1080/03067319.2021.1987423
urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-535793
publish
25.10.2021
Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International
Ute Dorgerloh
Roland Becker
Juliane Riedel
Andrea Hofmann
eng
uncontrolled
Interlaboratory comparison
eng
uncontrolled
Aniline
eng
uncontrolled
Chloroanilines
eng
uncontrolled
Methylanilines
eng
uncontrolled
Groundwater
eng
uncontrolled
GC/MS
eng
uncontrolled
GC/MS-MS
eng
uncontrolled
LC/MS-MS
Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik
1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien
1.7 Organische Spuren- und Lebensmittelanalytik
Umwelt
Verlagsliteratur
Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")
Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM
Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/53579/2021_Dorgerloh_et-al_Aniline.pdf
51066
2020
eng
110060
143
article
Elsevier Ltd.
1
--
--
--
Non-invasive cancer detection using volatile biomarkers: Is urine superior to breath?
In recent years numerous reports have highlighted the options of chemical breath analysis with regard to noninvasive cancer detection. Certain volatile organic compounds (VOC) supposedly present in higher amounts or in characteristic patterns have been suggested as potential biomarkers. However, so far no clinical application based on a specific set of compounds appears to exist. Numerous reports on the capability of sniffer dogs and sensor arrays or electronic noses to distinguish breath of cancer patients and healthy controls supports the concept of genuine cancer-related volatile profiles. However, the actual compounds responsible for the scent are completely unknown and there is no correlation with the potential biomarkers suggested on basis of chemical trace analysis.
It is outlined that specific features connected with the VOC analysis in breath – namely small concentrations of volatiles, interfering background concentrations, considerable sampling effort and sample instability, impracticability regarding routine application - stand in the way of substantial progress. The underlying chemicalanalytical challenge can only be met considering the severe susceptibility of VOC determination to these adverse conditions.
Therefore, the attention is drawn to the needs for appropriate quality assurance/quality control as the most important feature for the reliable quantification of volatiles present in trace concentration. Consequently, the advantages of urine as an alternative matrix for volatile biomarker search in the context of diagnosing lung and other cancers are outlined with specific focus on quality assurance and practicability in clinical chemistry. The headspace over urine samples as the VOC source allows adapting gas chromatographical procedures well-established in water analysis. Foremost, the selection of urine over breath as non-invasive matrix should provide considerably more resilience to adverse effects during sampling and analysis. The most important advantage of urine over breath is seen in the option to partition, dispense, mix, spike, store, and thus to dispatch taylor-made urine samples on demand for quality control measures. Although it is still open at this point if cancer diagnosis supported by non-invasively sampled VOC profiles will ultimately reach clinical application the advantages of urine over breath should significantly facilitate urgently required steps beyond the current proof-of-concept stage and towards standardisation.
Medical Hypothesis
10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110060
30.07.2020
false
true
Roland Becker
eng
uncontrolled
VOC
eng
uncontrolled
Breath
deu
uncontrolled
Urine
deu
uncontrolled
Lung cancer
deu
uncontrolled
Volatile organic compounds
Analytische Chemie
1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien
1.7 Organische Spuren- und Lebensmittelanalytik
Chemie und Prozesstechnik
Chemische Charakterisierung und Spurenanalytik
Verlagsliteratur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
50977
2020
eng
1
6
148
article
Elsevier B.V.
1
--
--
--
Quantification of microplastics in a freshwater suspended organic matter using different thermoanalytical methods – outcome of an interlaboratory comparison
A sedimented freshwater suspended organic matter fortified with particles of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was employed in an interlaboratory comparison of thermoanalytical methods for microplastics identification and quantification. Three laboratories performed pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), three others provided results using thermal extraction desorption followed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (TED-GC-MS). One participant performed thermogravimetry-infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR) and two participants used thermogravimetry coupled to mass spectrometry (TGA-MS). Further participants used differential scanning microscopy (DSC), a procedure based on micro combustion calorimetry (MCC) and a procedure based on elemental analysis.
Each participant employed a different combination of sample treatment, calibration and instrumental Settings for polymer identification and quantification. Though there is obviously room for improvements regarding the between-laboratory reproducibility and the harmonization of procedures it was seen that the participants Performing Py-GC-MS, TED-GC-MS, and TGA-FTIR were able to correctly identify all polymers and to report reasonable quantification results in the investigated concentration range (PE: 20.0 μg/mg, PP: 5.70 μg/mg; PS: 2.20 μg/mg, PET: 18.0 μg/mg). Although for the other methods limitations exists regarding the detection of specific polymers, they showed potential as alternative approaches for polymer quantification in solid environmental matrices.
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis
10.1016/j.jaap.2020.104829
06.07.2020
1
Roland Becker
Korinna Altmann
Thomas Sommerfeld
Ulrike Braun
eng
uncontrolled
Interlaboratory comparison
eng
uncontrolled
Microplastics
eng
uncontrolled
Suspended organic matter
eng
uncontrolled
Pyrolysis
Analytische Chemie
Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik
1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien
1.7 Organische Spuren- und Lebensmittelanalytik
6 Materialchemie
6.6 Physik und chemische Analytik der Polymere
Umwelt
Chemie und Prozesstechnik
Verlagsliteratur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
48625
2019
eng
105996, 1
9
78
article
Elsevier
Amsterdam
1
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Analytical toolset to characterize polyurethanes after exposure to artificial weathering under systematically varied moisture conditions
Polyether and -ester urethanes (PU) were exposed to artificial weathering at 40 °C and artificial UV radiation in a weathering chamber. In 3 parallel exposures, humidity was varied between dry, humid, and wet conditions. Material alteration was investigated by various analytical techniques like size exclusion chromatography
(SEC), liquid chromatography-infrared spectroscopy (LC-FTIR), thermal-desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS), fluorescence mapping and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Our results show that depending on the weathering conditions, different degradation effects can be observed. By means of SEC an initial strong decrease of the molar masses and a broadening of the mass distributions was found. After a material dependent time span this was followed by a plateau where molar mass changes were less significant. A minor moisture-dependent degradation effect was only found for polyester PU. Fluorescence measurements on two materials revealed an increase in the luminescence intensity upon weathering process reaching a saturation level after about 500 h. The changes in the optical properties observed after different exposure conditions and times were very similar. The TD-GC-MS data showed the fate of the stabilizers and antioxidant in the course of weathering. LC-FTIR measurements revealed a change in peak intensities and the ratio of urethane and carbonyl bands.
Polymer Testing
10.1016/j.polymertesting.2019.105996
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142941819303708
0142-9418
18.12.2019
Philipp Scholz
Volker Wachtendorf
Anna Maria Elert
Jana Falkenhagen
Roland Becker
Katrin Hoffmann
Ute Resch-Genger
Harald Tschiche
Stefan Reinsch
Steffen Weidner
eng
uncontrolled
Polyurethane
eng
uncontrolled
Artificial weathering
eng
uncontrolled
Moisture
eng
uncontrolled
Crosslinking
eng
uncontrolled
Degradation
Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien
1.7 Organische Spuren- und Lebensmittelanalytik
1.2 Biophotonik
5 Werkstofftechnik
5.6 Glas
6 Materialchemie
6.3 Strukturanalytik
6.6 Physik und chemische Analytik der Polymere
7 Bauwerkssicherheit
7.5 Technische Eigenschaften von Polymerwerkstoffen
Material
Degradation von Werkstoffen
Verlagsliteratur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
48418
2019
eng
6044
6052
10
53
article
ACS
1
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Microplastics can change soil properties and affect plant performance
Microplastics can affect biophysical properties of the soil. However, little is known about the cascade of events in fundamental levels of terrestrial ecosystems, i.e., starting with the changes in soil abiotic properties and propagating across the various components of soil−plant interactions, including soil microbial communities and plant traits. We investigated here the effects of six different microplastics (polyester fibers, polyamide beads, and four fragment types: polyethylene, polyester terephthalate, polypropylene, and polystyrene) on a broad suite of proxies for soil health and performance of spring onion (Allium fistulosum). Significant changes were observed in plant biomass, tissue elemental composition, root traits, and soil microbial activities. These plant and soil responses to microplastic exposure were used to propose a causal model for the mechanism of the effects. Impacts were dependent on particle type, i.e., microplastics with a shape similar to other natural soil particles elicited smaller differences from control. Changes in soil structure and water dynamics may explain the observed results in which polyester fibers and polyamide beads triggered the most pronounced impacts on plant traits and function. The findings reported here imply that the pervasive microplastic contamination in soil may have consequences for plant performance and thus for agroecosystems and terrestrial biodiversity.
Environmental Science and Technology
10.1021/acs.est.9b01339
0013-936X
urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-484181
1520-5851
08.07.2019
Allgemeines Deutsches Urheberrecht
A. A. de Souza Machado
C. W. Lau
W. Kloas
J. Bergmann
J. B. Bachelier
E. Faltin
Roland Becker
A. S. Görlich
M. C. Rillig
eng
uncontrolled
Mikroplastik
eng
uncontrolled
Boden
eng
uncontrolled
Pflanzenwachstum
Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik
1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien
1.7 Organische Spuren- und Lebensmittelanalytik
Umwelt
Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen
Verlagsliteratur
Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")
Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM
Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)
https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/48418/2019 Machado EST Microplastics plant growth.pdf