2801
2003
eng
2247
2257
18
204
article
Wiley-VCH Verl.
Weinheim
1
--
--
--
Combustion behaviour of epoxide based nanocomposites with ammonium and phosponium bentonites
The influence of different organobentonites on the decomposition and the combustion behaviour of an epoxy resin were examined. The epoxy resin is a cationically polymerised cycloaliphatic epoxy resin flexibilised with poly(tetrahydrofuran) (PTHF), with hydroxyl endgroups. The bentonite was modified with either an ammonium or a phosphonium salt. The thermal decomposition of the PTHF induced by the initiator, used for the cationic polymerisation, did neither take place for the nanocomposite based on the ammonium bentonite nor for that based on the phosphonium bentonite. This improved decomposition characteristic lead to a larger time to ignition for both kinds of nanocomposites compared to the not modified polymer, which is not the case for other polymer/clay nanocomposites described in the literature. The fire behaviour was investigated using limiting oxygen index (LOI), a horizontal burner test and a cone calorimeter. The forced flaming conditions in the cone calorimeter were varied using different external heat fluxes between 30 and 70 kW · m-2. The fire behaviour of the nanocomposites was improved in comparison to the polymer, and phosphonium bentonite was superior to ammonium bentonite. The main mechanism is a barrier formation resulting in a reduction of the fire growth rate, which was more pronounced in the case of high external heat fluxes.
Macromolecular chemistry and physics
2784
10.1002/macp.200300047
1022-1352
1521-3935
Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank
01.12.2003
A. Hartwig
D. Pütz
Bernhard Schartel
Matthias Bartholmai
M. Wendschuh-Josties
eng
uncontrolled
Cationic polymerisation
eng
uncontrolled
Clay
eng
uncontrolled
Combustion
eng
uncontrolled
Degradation
eng
uncontrolled
Epoxide
eng
uncontrolled
Nanocomposite
Verlagsliteratur
Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")
3706
2004
eng
355
364
7
15
article
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chichester
1
--
--
--
Layered silicate polymer nanocomposites: new approach or illusion for fire retardancy? Investigations of the potentials and the tasks using a model system
Polymeric nanocomposites are discussed as one of the most promising advanced materials whose nanoscale effects can be exploited for industry. Layered silicate polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride nanocomposites are investigated as a model to clarify the potential of such materials in terms of fire retardancy. The nanostructure is characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and shear viscosity. The fire behavior is characterized using different external heat fluxes in cone calorimeter, limiting oxygen index and UL 94 classification. A comprehensive fire behavior characterization is presented which enables an assessment of the materials’ potential with respect to different fire scenarios and fire tests. The influence of morphology and the active mechanisms are discussed, such as barrier formation and changed melt viscosity. To our knowledge, it is the first attempt to illuminate the concept’s strengths, such as the reduction of flame spread, and weaknesses, such as the lack of influence on ignitability, in a clear, comprehensive and detailed manner.
Polymers for advanced technologies
3859
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jissue/109085890
1042-7147
1099-1581
09.08.2004
Matthias Bartholmai
Bernhard Schartel
eng
uncontrolled
Fire retardancy
eng
uncontrolled
Nanocomposites
eng
uncontrolled
Cone Calorimeter
eng
uncontrolled
LOI
eng
uncontrolled
UL94
eng
uncontrolled
Flame retardance
eng
uncontrolled
poly(propylene) (PP)
eng
uncontrolled
Organoclay
Verlagsliteratur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
2133
2002
eng
897
909
3
70
article
Kluwer Academic Publ.
Dordrecht
1
--
--
--
TG-MS and TG-FTIR applied for an unambiguous thermal analysis of intumescent coatings
Thermogravimetry (TG), thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectroscopy (TG-MS) and thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) were used to characterise the thermo-oxidative behaviour of two intumescent coating materials. The temperature dependence, the corresponding volatile products and the amount of residue of the different processes were determined. Using both TG-MS and TG-FTIR results in an unambiguous interpretation of the volatile products. Characteristics such as the influence of endothermic reactions, the release of non-flammable gases, the dehydrogenation enhancing the char formation and the stability of the cellular char were discussed in detail. It was demonstrated, that TG, TG-MS and TG-FTIR are powerful methods to investigate mechanisms in intumescent coatings and that they are suitable methods in respect to quality assurance and unambiguous identification of such materials.
Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry
2063
10.1023/A:1022272707412
1388-6150
1418-2874
0368-4466
1572-8943
Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank
ZJ 62
07.03.2003
Bernhard Schartel
Ralf Kunze
Matthias Bartholmai
Dietmar Neubert
Robert Schriever
eng
uncontrolled
Intumescent coating materials
eng
uncontrolled
TG
eng
uncontrolled
TG-FTIR
eng
uncontrolled
TG-MS
Verlagsliteratur
Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")
2633
2003
eng
151
162
4
27
article
Heyden
London
1
--
--
--
Influence of external heat flux and coating thickness on the thermal insulation properties of two different intumescent coatings using cone calorimeter and numerical analysis
Polymeric intumescent coatings are fire protective materials that increase their thermal resistance when exposed to high temperatures to prevent building structures from damage. The idea of the investigation was to develop a simple test method to determine the time dependent thermal conductivity of intumescent coatings. Therefore steel plates were coated with two different intumescent systems. During cone calorimeter tests the temperature at the back side of the coated plates was measured. These results were used to calculate the time dependent thermal resistance of the protective layer with the simulation program IOPT2D for different external heat fluxes and different layer thickness.
Fire and materials
2606
10.1002/fam.823
0308-0501
1099-1018
Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank
ZF 41
28.08.2003
Matthias Bartholmai
Robert Schriever
Bernhard Schartel
eng
uncontrolled
Intumescent coatings
eng
uncontrolled
Thermal resistance
eng
uncontrolled
Cone calorimetry
eng
uncontrolled
Numerical analysis
Verlagsliteratur
Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")
7211
2005
eng
540
547
3
88
article
Applied Science Publ.
London
1
--
--
--
Some comments on the use of cone calorimeter data
The cone calorimeter has become one of the most important and widely used instruments for the research and development of fire retarded polymeric materials. The paper addresses three important ways in which the principal setup influences the results factors which sometimes do not receive due consideration when drawing conclusions. The paper discusses in detail the impact on cone calorimeter results of the choice of external heat flux, the influence on the peak of heat release rate of sample thickness and thermal feedback from the back of the sample, and the influence on irradiance of the horizontal and vertical distances from the cone heater.
Polymer degradation and stability
7650
10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.12.016
0141-3910
1873-2321
Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank
17.03.2005
Bernhard Schartel
Matthias Bartholmai
Uta Knoll
eng
uncontrolled
Cone Calorimeter
eng
uncontrolled
Fire retardancy
eng
uncontrolled
Fire testing
eng
uncontrolled
Nanocomposites
eng
uncontrolled
Intumescence
Verlagsliteratur
Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")
13868
2006
eng
772
777
9-10
17
article
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chichester
1
--
--
--
Some comments on the main fire retardancy mechanisms in polymer nanocomposites
Barrier formation and increasing the melt viscosity are addressed as the two main general fire retardancy mechanisms of polymer nanocomposites. They result in specific impacts on fire properties that consequentially cause varying flame retardancy efficiency in different fire tests. The barrier formation retards mainly flame spread (peak of heat release rate) in developing fires, but does not reduce fire load (total heat evolved), ignitability or flammability (limiting oxygen index, UL 94). Furthermore, this flame retardancy effect increases with increasing irradiation and vanishes with decreasing irradiation. The increased melt viscosity prevents dripping, which is beneficial or disadvantageous depending on the fire test used. In some test, it become the dominant influence, transforming self-extinguishing samples into flammable materials or causing wicking. Advantages and the limits are sketched comprehensively for exploiting the main general fire retardancy mechanisms of polymer nanocomposites. It is concluded that barrier formation and changing the melt viscosity in nanocomposites are not sufficient for most applications, but must be accompanied by additional mechanisms in special systems or in combination with other flame retardants.
Polymers for advanced technologies
15633
10.1002/pat.792
1042-7147
1099-1581
Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank
20.11.2006
Bernhard Schartel
Matthias Bartholmai
Uta Knoll
eng
uncontrolled
Flame retardance
eng
uncontrolled
Nanocomposites
eng
uncontrolled
Organoclay
eng
uncontrolled
Cone calorimeter
eng
uncontrolled
Flammability
Verlagsliteratur
Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")
26028
2012
eng
1
7
PS 11
conferenceobject
Dresden
Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Dresden
1
--
--
--
Radio-based multi-sensor system for person tracking and indoor positioning
Sensor based person tracking is a challenging
topic. The main objective is positioning in areas without
GPS connection, i.e. indoors. A research project is carried
out at BAM, Federal Institute for Materials Research and
Testing, to develop and to validate a multi-sensor system for
3D localization. It combines body motion sensing and a
guard system for the tracking and recording of the status of
persons. The so named BodyGuard system was designed for
sensor-based monitoring and radio-based transmission of
the movement of a person. Algorithms were developed to
transform the sensor data into a spatial coordinate. This
paper describes how the BodyGuard system operates, which
main components were used in the system, how the
individual sensor data are converted into 3D motion data,
with which algorithms the individual sensors are processed,
how individual errors are compensated and how the sensor
data are merged into a 3D Model. Final objective of the
BodyGuard system is to determine the exact location of a
person in a building, e.g. during fire-fighting operations.
WPNC 2012 - 9th Workshop on positioning, navigation and communication
28771
Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank
WPNC '12 - 9th Workshop on positioning, navigation and communication 2012
Dresden, Germany
2012-03-15
2012-03-16
14.06.2012
Enrico Köppe
Matthias Bartholmai
A. Liers
J. Schiller
eng
uncontrolled
Wireless sensor network (WSN)
eng
uncontrolled
Embedded systems
eng
uncontrolled
Sensor calibration and validation
eng
uncontrolled
Person tracking
eng
uncontrolled
Inertial navigation system
eng
uncontrolled
Inertial measurement unit
Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")
Graue Literatur
28010
2013
eng
725
738
article
VNU Sciences Pr.
Utrecht
1
--
--
--
Gas source localization with a micro-drone using bio-inspired and particle filter-based algorithms
Gas source localization (GSL) with mobile robots is a challenging task due to the unpredictable nature of gas dispersion, the limitations of the currents sensing technologies, and the mobility constraints of ground-based robots. This work proposes an integral solution for the GSL task, including source declaration. We present a novel pseudo-gradient-based plume tracking algorithm and a particle filter-based source declaration approach, and apply it on a gas-sensitive micro-drone. We compare the performance of the proposed system in simulations and real-world experiments against two commonly used tracking algorithms adapted for aerial exploration missions.
Advanced robotics
30853
10.1080/01691864.2013.779052
0169-1864
11.04.2013
Patrick P. Neumann
V.H. Bennetts
A.J. Lilienthal
Matthias Bartholmai
J.H. Schiller
eng
uncontrolled
Autonomous micro UAV
eng
uncontrolled
Chemical and wind sensing
eng
uncontrolled
Gas source localization
eng
uncontrolled
Particle filter
Verlagsliteratur
Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")
24652
2011
deu
470
478
10
78
article
Oldenbourg
München
1
--
--
--
Adaptive ortsaufgelöste Gaskonzentrationsmessung mit einer Mikrodrohne
Technisches Messen
27328
10.1524/teme.2011.0158
0340-837X
0178-2312
0171-8096
Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank
03.11.2011
Matthias Bartholmai
Patrick P. Neumann
deu
uncontrolled
Gasmessung
deu
uncontrolled
Gasemission
deu
uncontrolled
Emissionskontrolle
deu
uncontrolled
Windvektor
deu
uncontrolled
Mikrodrohne
deu
uncontrolled
Data-Mapping
deu
uncontrolled
Gas measurement
deu
uncontrolled
Gas emission
deu
uncontrolled
Emission control
deu
uncontrolled
Wind vector
deu
uncontrolled
Micro-drone
deu
uncontrolled
Data mapping
Verlagsliteratur
Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")
27552
2012
eng
1185
1188
47
conferenceobject
Elsevier
1
--
--
--
Device concept for the generation of guided waves for early damage detection
In this study a method for early damage detection is investigated based on the directed excitation and measuring of Lamb waves (guided waves). The objective is to make a statement about the practicability of a Lamb wave generator (LWG) and about the application relevant parameters (specimen materials and dimensions, wave characteristics, excitation, transmission und reflection). Guided waves enable an effective differentiation of structural and defective indications as well as a classification of different defect types. For the investigations, a LWG was developed which combines the advantages of the single excitation of a piezoelectric actuator and the possibility of a group excitation. Algorithms were developed to identify and analyze damage patterns (cracks, wholes, weakening).
Eurosensors XXVI (Proceedings) / Procedia Engineering
30378
10.1016/j.proeng.2012.09.363
1877-7058
Sonderstandort: Publica-Schrank
Eurosensors XXVI
Kraków, Poland
2012-09-09
2012-09-12
14.01.2013
Enrico Köppe
Matthias Bartholmai
Jens Prager
eng
uncontrolled
Lamb wave
eng
uncontrolled
Guided wave
eng
uncontrolled
DDS
eng
uncontrolled
SHM
eng
uncontrolled
Early damage detection
Verlagsliteratur
Physisches Exemplar in der Bibliothek der BAM vorhanden ("Hardcopy Access")