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  <doc>
    <id>56976</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>8</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley online library</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Garment ageing in a laundry care process under household‐like conditions</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This study reflects typical consumer textile washing behaviour while taking into account existing standards in the household appliance and garment industries. Two garments were washed repeatedly with artificial dirt and detergent 30 times. The collected washing water was separated using fractional filtration. Textile physical tests were used to follow property changes of the garments, the microplastic release is determined using thermoextraction/desorbtion–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the total organic carbon was measured as a sum parameter for the organic bonded carbon. This article shows the importance of a reality‐based approach when investigating microplastics of textile origin in the laundry care process. Deposits of detergent and dirt on the textiles were detected. The total mass of sieve residues was much higher than the release of synthetic polymers. The cotton content of the garments causes a much higher fibre release than synthetic fibres. Both will lead to false results by purely gravimetric analysis because nonpolymer fibres will be included microplastic mass. The results cannot be generalised only by the main polymer type, knowledge of the textile construction must be included for final evaluation.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Applied Research</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/appl.202200086</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
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    <author>C. Heller</author>
    <author>Korinna Altmann</author>
    <author>U. Braun</author>
    <author>A. Kerndorff</author>
    <author>C.-G. Bannick</author>
    <author>M. Fuchs</author>
    <author>P. U. Thamsen</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Fibre release</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microplastics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TED-GC/MS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Washing machine</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.6 Digitale Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57008</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Needs, concepts and state of the art: Top-down production of reference materials for micro- and nanoplastics and their use in harmonisation processes</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The talk explains the top-down production of materials suitable for mircoplastics and nanoplastics and the use in ILCs.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">EUROLAB webinar: MICROPLASTICS: regulations, standards and the role of laboratories</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">15.02.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">16.02.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Korinna Altmann</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microplastics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Nanoplastics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ILC</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Milling</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.6 Digitale Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57012</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">PlasticsEurope - plastic powders - Reference materials</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The talk gives ideas about possible collaboration between BAM and PlasticEurope and their BRIGID project.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">Project meeting of BRIDGIT project of PlasticsEurope</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Online meeting</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">01.02.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">0</enrichment>
    <author>Korinna Altmann</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microplastics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>PlasticEurope</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.6 Digitale Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>60036</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Preliminary results of an interlaboratory comparison on microplastics organised by plasticsfate</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Microplastics are everywhere in the environment, but analytics is challenging. Since harmonisation is missing as well es suitable reference materials, BAM did under th umbrella of VAMAS funded by the EU Horizon 2020 project PlasticsFate a ILC for microplastic detection methods. Methods adressed were IR, Raman, Py-GC/MS and TED-GC/MS. The talk gives a first presentation and evaluation on the results.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">CUSP annual meeting and conference</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Utrecht, Netherlands</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">12.09.2023</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Korinna Altmann</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microplastics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TED-GC/MS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Polymer 3R</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reference material</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>ILC on detection methods</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.6 Digitale Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemische Charakterisierung und Spurenanalytik</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>56828</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10</pageLast>
    <pageNumber>10</pageNumber>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley-VCH</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Weinheim</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Identification of microplastic pathways within a typical European urban wastewater system</title>
    <abstract language="eng">In recent years, thermoextraction/desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS) has been developed as a rapid detection method for the determination of microplastics (MP) mass contents in numerous environmentally relevant matrices and, in particular, for the measurement of polymers in water samples without time-consuming sample preparation. The TED-GC/MS method was applied to investigate a typical European municipal wastewater system for possible MP masses. Such investigations are important in view of the recent revision of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive. Four different representative sampling sites were selected: greywater (domestic wastewater without toilet), combined sewer, and influent and effluent of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). All samples were collected by fractional filtration. Filtration was carried out over mesh sizes of 500, 100, 50, and in some cases, 5 µm. Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) were detected in all samples, with the PE fraction dominating in all cases. Styrene-butadiene rubber which serves as an indication of tire abrasion, was only found in the influent of the WWTP. The highest MP mass contents were found in the combined sewer, so MP can become a source of pollution during heavy rain events when the capacity limits of the effluent are reached, and the polluted effluent is released uncontrolled into the environment. Based on the studies, MP retention from the WWTP could be estimated to be approximately 96%. Few trends in polymer type or mass contents were detected within the different fractions of the samples or when comparing samples to each other.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Applied Research</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">doi.org/10.1002/appl.202200078</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-568289</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Korinna Altmann</author>
    <author>Caroline Goedecke</author>
    <author>C.-G. Bannick</author>
    <author>A. Abusafia</author>
    <author>C. Scheid</author>
    <author>H. Steinmetz</author>
    <author>Andrea Paul</author>
    <author>C. Beleites</author>
    <author>U. Braun</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microplastics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microplastic analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TED-GC/MS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microplastic pathways</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Mass contents</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.6 Digitale Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemische Charakterisierung und Spurenanalytik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/56828/Applied Research - 2023 - Altmann.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>62444</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>212</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>223</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>112</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>AHFE International</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Methods for the collection and characterization of airborne particles in the textile industry</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Airborne particulate matter is one of the main air pollutants. Their impact on mortality, and the occurrence of pulmonary and cardiovascular complications, have been the subject of numerous studies. Airborne particles are complex mixtures of organic and inorganic substances from different sources of particle emissions. Particulate Matter (PM) particles are classified according to their aerodynamic diameter expressed in µm and can vary from coarse (PM 10) to fine (less than PM 2.5). These diameter considerations are fundamental because they condition the penetration of particles into the bronchopulmonary system and the body. In recent years, there has been an interest in so-called “ultra-fine” particles, with a diameter of 0.1 µm (or 100 nm), or PM 0.1. They are nanoparticles and their impact on human health is not yet clear.With more than 1.5 million employees, textiles and clothing is a diverse sector that plays an important role in the European manufacturing industry, producing a turnover of €162 billion.An important component of the solid particles that generate air pollution in the textile industry is microplastics (MP) and nano plastics (NP), which also include microfibers (&amp;lt;5mm) and nanofibers (&amp;lt;100 nm), respectively. The particles released into the air during fiber and yarn processing range from 1 µg/m3 to 50 µg/m3.The paper presents the results of the determination of indoor and outdoor air concentration levels in textile companies, to identify the areas with the highest concentration level, by using an online recording system such as the Laser Aerosol Spectrometer MINI LAS model 11-E. The total concentration level TSP (µg/m3), the fractions PM 10(µg/m3), PM 2.5(µg/m3), PM1(µg/m3), as well as the total number of particles TC (1/l), were shown. It was noted that TSP is approximately at the same level both indoors and outdoors, but the fractions of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 have much higher values indoors than outdoors with possible consequences on workers' health.The next step was the collection of fibers, namely micro and nano plastic particles from the vicinity of the workplaces of polyester, polyamide, and polypropylene fibers processing units in the textile industry in Romania, to obtain a sufficient quantity for laboratory analysis to determine the size and shape of the particles as well as their chemical composition. Two types of pumps were used, differentiated by their operating parameters: TECORA SKYPOST with airflow of 38 l/min and GILAIRPLUS with airflow 2l/min. Filters made of different materials with different diameters and pore sizes were used, namely: quartz filters (ø 47 mm, and ø 37 mm) on a TECORA SKYPOST type pump, polycarbonate nucleopore coated with a gold membrane (ø 25 mm) and silica filter (ø 9 mm) on GILAIRPLUS type pump.Using descriptive statistics, the calculation of correlation coefficients highlighted a strong correlation between the variables: "Collected mass/ Air concentration" and "Collected mass/ Air volume" for all diameters of the filters.The highest collected particle volume, determined by weighing the filters before and after collection, was obtained with the quartz filters (ø 47 mm) at an airflow of 38 l/min. The particles collected (polyester, polyamide, polypropylene) in the first stage were analyzed by SEM and thermogravimetric and it was found that the quartz filters absorbed the particles inside, with very few remaining on the surface. Thus no known methods can be used to perform analysis for particles collected on quartz filters. The number of particles on the filters was insufficient for analysis either because of the collection parameters used or because of the loss of particles during transport. As a result, in the next step, the use of 9 mm Si filters using the GILAIRPLUS pump at an airflow rate of 2l/min was chosen.To improve the transport conditions and avoid the loss of the particles and keep them on the surface of the filters, two methods were applied:- after weighing the filters were reintroduced into the collection pump holder;- a filtration system for airborne micro-nano plastics was designed and manufactured to selectively collect and transport PM10 and PM1 particles collected on SI filters.In both cases, SEM, Raman mapping, and GS-MS microscopy were used for analysis.Several times more PM10 than PM1 (74.5µg compared to 12.5 µg) was found. In all cases, both particles and fibers showed the same Raman fingerprint.The GS-MS analyses showed some contamination of the workspaces with particles other than the processed fibers. The presence of non-notifiable substances was also observed.The most viable filters are Si filters with a pore size of 10 microns to 1 micron and the use of the selected collection and transport filter system. In the following a filter system will be applied for collection on Au membrane-coated polycarbonate filters.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">AHFE International</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.54941/ahfe1004132</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-624442</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus_doi_flag">true</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus_import_data">{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T05:00:09Z","timestamp":1692680409938},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"AHFE International","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"&lt;jats:p&gt;Airborne particulate matter is one of the main air pollutants. Their\n                        impact on mortality, and the occurrence of pulmonary and cardiovascular\n                        complications, have been the subject of numerous studies. Airborne particles\n                        are complex mixtures of organic and inorganic substances from different\n                        sources of particle emissions. Particulate Matter (PM) particles are\n                        classified according to their aerodynamic diameter expressed in \u00b5m and can\n                        vary from coarse (PM 10) to fine (less than PM 2.5). These diameter\n                        considerations are fundamental because they condition the penetration of\n                        particles into the bronchopulmonary system and the body. In recent years,\n                        there has been an interest in so-called \u201cultra-fine\u201d particles, with a\n                        diameter of 0.1 \u00b5m (or 100 nm), or PM 0.1. They are nanoparticles and their\n                        impact on human health is not yet clear.With more than 1.5 million\n                        employees, textiles and clothing is a diverse sector that plays an important\n                        role in the European manufacturing industry, producing a turnover of \u20ac162\n                        billion.An important component of the solid particles that generate air\n                        pollution in the textile industry is microplastics (MP) and nano plastics\n                        (NP), which also include microfibers (&amp;lt;5mm) and nanofibers (&amp;lt;100\n                        nm), respectively. The particles released into the air during fiber and yarn\n                        processing range from 1 \u00b5g\/m3 to 50 \u00b5g\/m3.The paper presents the results of\n                        the determination of indoor and outdoor air concentration levels in textile\n                        companies, to identify the areas with the highest concentration level, by\n                        using an online recording system such as the Laser Aerosol Spectrometer MINI\n                        LAS model 11-E. The total concentration level TSP (\u00b5g\/m3), the fractions PM\n                        10(\u00b5g\/m3), PM 2.5(\u00b5g\/m3), PM1(\u00b5g\/m3), as well as the total number of\n                        particles TC (1\/l), were shown. It was noted that TSP is approximately at\n                        the same level both indoors and outdoors, but the fractions of PM10, PM2.5,\n                        and PM1 have much higher values indoors than outdoors with possible\n                        consequences on workers' health.The next step was the collection of fibers,\n                        namely micro and nano plastic particles from the vicinity of the workplaces\n                        of polyester, polyamide, and polypropylene fibers processing units in the\n                        textile industry in Romania, to obtain a sufficient quantity for laboratory\n                        analysis to determine the size and shape of the particles as well as their\n                        chemical composition. Two types of pumps were used, differentiated by their\n                        operating parameters: TECORA SKYPOST with airflow of 38 l\/min and GILAIRPLUS\n                        with airflow 2l\/min. Filters made of different materials with different\n                        diameters and pore sizes were used, namely: quartz filters (\u00f8 47 mm, and \u00f8\n                        37 mm) on a TECORA SKYPOST type pump, polycarbonate nucleopore coated with a\n                        gold membrane (\u00f8 25 mm) and silica filter (\u00f8 9 mm) on GILAIRPLUS type\n                        pump.Using descriptive statistics, the calculation of correlation\n                        coefficients highlighted a strong correlation between the variables:\n                        \"Collected mass\/ Air concentration\" and \"Collected mass\/ Air volume\" for all\n                        diameters of the filters.The highest collected particle volume, determined\n                        by weighing the filters before and after collection, was obtained with the\n                        quartz filters (\u00f8 47 mm) at an airflow of 38 l\/min. The particles collected\n                        (polyester, polyamide, polypropylene) in the first stage were analyzed by\n                        SEM and thermogravimetric and it was found that the quartz filters absorbed\n                        the particles inside, with very few remaining on the surface. Thus no known\n                        methods can be used to perform analysis for particles collected on quartz\n                        filters. The number of particles on the filters was insufficient for\n                        analysis either because of the collection parameters used or because of the\n                        loss of particles during transport. As a result, in the next step, the use\n                        of 9 mm Si filters using the GILAIRPLUS pump at an airflow rate of 2l\/min\n                        was chosen.To improve the transport conditions and avoid the loss of the\n                        particles and keep them on the surface of the filters, two methods were\n                        applied:- after weighing the filters were reintroduced into the collection\n                        pump holder;- a filtration system for airborne micro-nano plastics was\n                        designed and manufactured to selectively collect and transport PM10 and PM1\n                        particles collected on SI filters.In both cases, SEM, Raman mapping, and\n                        GS-MS microscopy were used for analysis.Several times more PM10 than PM1\n                        (74.5\u00b5g compared to 12.5 \u00b5g) was found. In all cases, both particles and\n                        fibers showed the same Raman fingerprint.The GS-MS analyses showed some\n                        contamination of the workspaces with particles other than the processed\n                        fibers. The presence of non-notifiable substances was also observed.The most\n                        viable filters are Si filters with a pore size of 10 microns to 1 micron and\n                        the use of the selected collection and transport filter system. In the\n                        following a filter system will be applied for collection on Au\n                        membrane-coated polycarbonate filters.&lt;\/jats:p&gt;","DOI":"10.54941\/ahfe1004132","type":"proceedings-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T20:08:55Z","timestamp":1689710935000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Methods for the collection and characterization of airborne particles in\n                        the textile industry"],"prefix":"10.54941","author":[{"given":"Emilia","family":"Visileanu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Catalin Grosu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Tiberiu Miclea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Korinna","family":"Altmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Brossell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"33478","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"event":{"name":"5th International Conference on Human Systems Engineering and\n                    Design: Future Trends and Applications (IHSED 2023)","acronym":"IHSED"},"container-title":["AHFE International","Human Systems Engineering and Design (IHSED 2023): Future Trends\n                    and Applications"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T23:36:09Z","timestamp":1692660969000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/openaccess.cms-conferences.org\/publications\/book\/978-1-958651-88-9\/article\/978-1-958651-88-9_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54941\/ahfe1004132","relation":{},"ISSN":["2771-0718"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2771-0718","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}}}</enrichment>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Emilia Visileanu</author>
    <author>Marian Catalin Grosu</author>
    <author>Paul Tiberiu Miclea</author>
    <author>Korinna Altmann</author>
    <author>Dirk Brossell</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microplastics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Textiles</value>
    </subject>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.5 Synthese und Streuverfahren nanostrukturierter Materialien</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
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  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>58668</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>12</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>4</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Frontiers Media</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>Lausanne</publisherPlace>
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    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
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    <title language="eng">A promising approach to monitor microplastic masses in composts</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Inputs of plastic impurities into the environment via the application of fertilizers are regulated in Germany and the EU by means of ordinances. Robust and fast analytical methods are the basis of legal regulations. Currently, only macro- and large microplastic contents (&gt;1 mm) are measured. Microplastics (1–1,000 µm), are not yet monitored. Thermal analytical methods are suitable for this purpose, which can determine the mass content and can also be operated fully automatically in routine mode. Thermal extraction desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS) allows the identification of polymers and the determination of mass contents in solid samples from natural environments. In accordance with the German or European Commission (EC) Fertiliser Ordinance, composting plants should be monitored for microplastic particles with this method in the future. In this context a compost plant was sampled. At the end of the rotting process, the compost was sieved and separated in a coarse (&gt;1 mm) and a fine fraction (&lt;1 mm). The fine fraction was processed using density separation comparing NaCl and NaI as possible salt alternative and screened for microplastic masses by TED-GC/MS with additional validation and quality assurance experiments. With TED-GC/MS total microplastics mass contents of 1.1–3.0 μg/mg in finished compost could be detected with polyethylene mainly. What differs much to the total mass of plastics in the coarse fraction with up to 60 μg/mg, which were visually searched, identified via ATR-FTIR and gravimetrically weighted.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Frontiers in Environmental Chemistry</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.3389/fenvc.2023.1281558</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-586688</identifier>
    <identifier type="issn">2673-4486</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">19.06.2024</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Yosri Wiesner</author>
    <author>Marius Bednarz</author>
    <author>Ulrike Braun</author>
    <author>Claus Gerhard Bannick</author>
    <author>Mathias Ricking</author>
    <author>Korinna Altmann</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microplastics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TED-GC/MS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Compost</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Monitoring</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Soil</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.6 Digitale Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemische Charakterisierung und Spurenanalytik</collection>
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    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/58668/A promising approach to monitor microplastic masses in composts.pdf</file>
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    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>10</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>2</issue>
    <volume>3</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley VHC-Verlag</publisherName>
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    <title language="eng">Microplastics in sediments of the river Rhine—A workflow for preparation and analysis of sediment samples from aquatic river systems for monitoring purposes</title>
    <abstract language="eng">AbstractMicroplastics (MP) can be detected in all environmental systems. Marine and terrestrial aquatic systems, especially the transported suspended solids, have often been the focus of scientific investigations in the past. Sediments of aquatic river systems, on the other hand, were often ignored due to the time‐consuming sample preparation and analysis procedures. Spectroscopic measurement methods counting particle numbers are hardly suitable as detection methods, because there are plenty of natural particles next to a small number of MP particles. Integral methods, such as thermoanalytical methods are determining the particle mass independently of the inorganic components.In this study, a workflow for sample preparation via density separation and subsequent analysis by thermal extraction desorption‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry is presented, which leads to representative and homogeneous samples and allows fast and robust MP mass content measurements suitable for routine analysis. Polymers were identified and quantified in all samples. Polyethylene and styrene‐butadiene rubber are the dominant polymers, besides polypropylene and polystyrene. Overall, total polymer masses between 1.18 and 337.0 µg/g could be determined. Highest MP concentrations in riverbed sediment are found in sites characterized by low flow velocities in harbors and reservoirs, while MP concentrations in sandy/gravelly bed sediments with higher flow velocities are small.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Applied Research</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/appl.202200125</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-597335</identifier>
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Sediments of aquatic river systems, on the other hand, were often ignored due to the time\u2010consuming sample preparation and analysis procedures. Spectroscopic measurement methods counting particle numbers are hardly suitable as detection methods, because there are plenty of natural particles next to a small number of MP particles. Integral methods, such as thermoanalytical methods are determining the particle mass independently of the inorganic components.&lt;\/jats:p&gt;&lt;jats:p&gt;In this study, a workflow for sample preparation via density separation and subsequent analysis by thermal extraction desorption\u2010gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry is presented, which leads to representative and homogeneous samples and allows fast and robust MP mass content measurements suitable for routine analysis. Polymers were identified and quantified in all samples. Polyethylene and styrene\u2010butadiene rubber are the dominant polymers, besides polypropylene and polystyrene. Overall, total polymer masses between 1.18 and 337.0\u2009\u00b5g\/g could be determined. Highest MP concentrations in riverbed sediment are found in sites characterized by low flow velocities in harbors and reservoirs, while MP concentrations in sandy\/gravelly bed sediments with higher flow velocities are small.&lt;\/jats:p&gt;","DOI":"10.1002\/appl.202200125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T10:14:37Z","timestamp":1682072077000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microplastics in sediments of the river Rhine\u2014A workflow for preparation and analysis of sediment samples from aquatic river systems for monitoring purposes"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Yosri","family":"Wiesner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical and Chemical Analysis of Polymers Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und \u2010pr\u00fcfung Berlin Germany"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fluvial Morphology, Sediment Dynamics and Management Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Gew\u00e4sserkunde Koblenz Germany"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Range","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fluvial Morphology, Sediment Dynamics and Management Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Gew\u00e4sserkunde Koblenz Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3467-4882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Korinna","family":"Altmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical and Chemical Analysis of Polymers Bundesanstalt f\u00fcr Materialforschung und \u2010pr\u00fcfung Berlin Germany"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.175.4027.1240"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c03441"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b07905"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c04000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.12.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-021-01227-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146693"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestwater.1c00439"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141948"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su12176755"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-021-01341-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su12219074"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2018.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-09473-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b04618"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2013.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"Zinc chloride safety Information according to GHS:https:\/\/www.merckmillipore.com\/DE\/en\/product\/Zinc-chloride MDA_CHEM-108816(Accessed: 02 February 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"Sodium iodide safety Information according to GHS:https:\/\/www.merckmillipore.com\/DE\/en\/product\/Sodium-iodide MDA_CHEM-106520(Accessed: 02 February 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2021.113101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2022.118549"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302-020-00358-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003702820929064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2021.101254"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","volume-title":"COMMON IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY FOR THE WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE (2000\/60\/EC), Guidance Document No. 19 GUIDANCE ON SURFACE WATER CHEMICAL MONITORING UNDER THE WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE, Technical Report \u2010 2009 \u2013 025","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2020.104829"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.10.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.130933"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2021.105310"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.8b00446"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2019.01.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143691"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","author":"Kittner M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. 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    <author>Yosri Wiesner</author>
    <author>Thomas Hoffmann</author>
    <author>David Range</author>
    <author>Korinna Altmann</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microplastics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Density separation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TED-GC/MS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>NaI</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
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    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.6 Digitale Materialchemie</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
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    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
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    <title language="eng">What can thermoanalytical methods do for you ?</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This presentation summarizes outcomes of the CUSP projects POLYRISK and PlasticsFatE according to thermoanalytical methods.It highlights the importants of analytical methods to measure physical and chemical properties of the test materials. These informations are neccessary for interpretation of the toxicological test results.</abstract>
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    <author>Korinna Altmann</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microplastics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>TED-GC/MS</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>CUSP</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Polymer 3R</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Thermoanalytical methods</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.6 Digitale Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>57203</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2023</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>18</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Wiley online library</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Air-based polyethylene fragmentation with high yield to form microplastic particles as reference material candidates</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Microplastic particles with sizes between 1 to 1000 μm are widely distributed worldwide. Origin, transport pathways and fate are poorly known, as sampling, sample preparation and detection methods are major challenges. In addition, reference materials that mimic environmental particles are lacking. Most challenging is the yield of MP particle production and the need for resource-intensive grinding with liquid nitrogen. In this paper, a machine is designed to produce aged microplastic particles as reference material candidates with high yield. The machine is based on ultraviolet aging of a thin foil and mechanical fragmentation using clean air. An example of aging and fragmentation of high density polyethylene with additional physical and chemical characterization of shape, size, aging state by carbonyl index and density is presented.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Applied Research</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1002/appl.202200121</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>M. Schmitt</author>
    <author>Korinna Altmann</author>
    <author>Petra Fengler</author>
    <author>M. Gehde</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microplastics</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Degradation of polyethylene</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Air fragmentation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Microplastics reference material</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="543">Analytische Chemie</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="ddc" number="628">Sanitär- und Kommunaltechnik; Umwelttechnik</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6 Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.5 Synthese und Streuverfahren nanostrukturierter Materialien</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">6.6 Digitale Materialchemie</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Umwelt-Material-Interaktionen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Degradationsmechanismen</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Chemie und Prozesstechnik</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
  </doc>
</export-example>
