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  <doc>
    <id>65454</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2026</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>16</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>116</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Elsevier B.V.</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence of Haynes 282 powder oxidation on powder properties and component quality in laser powder bed fusion</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Reuse of powder in powder bed additive manufacturing is a common practice to enhance sustainability and reduce costs. However, the reusability of metal powder is limited by the oxidation of the powders. Even in a protective atmosphere, each build job leads to gradual oxidation of the powder, which has led to concerns about its impact on powder and part properties. Consequently, strict confidence intervals for oxygen content in nickel-based alloy feedstocks are enforced in the industry. Despite this, there is currently a lack of in-depth studies investigating the specific influence of oxygen on Haynes 282, a widely used nickel-based alloy. This study examines artificially aged Haynes 282 powder batches with oxygen content of 160 ppm, 330 ppm, 1050 ppm, and 1420 ppm. Detailed powder characterization was performed, including morphology, chemical composition, particle size, flowability, and packing behavior. Components were fabricated via PBF-LB/M to evaluate density and mechanical properties. The results showed that higher oxidation levels improved powder flowability and packing density. However, in manufactured parts, irregular melt tracks and increased surface roughness were observed, which could easily be removed by post-processing. No significant differences in density or mechanical properties at room temperature, such as tensile strength and elongation, were found. These findings indicate that H282 powder potentially remains suitable for reuse, even when the batches exhibit increased oxygen content, supporting discussions on revising the existing oxygen content confidence intervals for nickel-based alloys. The results highlight the potential for optimizing recycling strategies and reducing material waste in additive manufacturing processes.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Additive Manufacturing</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">2214-8604</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.addma.2025.105050</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-654545</identifier>
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    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Rafael Kleba-Ehrhardt</author>
    <author>Josué Dávila</author>
    <author>Johann Geissler</author>
    <author>Gunther Mohr</author>
    <author>Johannes Schmidt</author>
    <author>Christoph Heinze</author>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
    <author>Aleksander Gurlo</author>
    <author>David Karl</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Powder bed fusion</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Powder characterization</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Powder oxidation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Powder recycling</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/65454/1-s2.0-S2214860425004154-main.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>65016</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>20</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>Springer Nature</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>1</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Numerical and experimental analysis of temperature compensation for eddy current testing during laser powder bed fusion</title>
    <abstract language="eng">The quality of parts produced via laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) can be affected by microstructural defects inherent to the process. In-situ monitoring technologies are crucial for ensuring consistent component quality. Eddy current testing (ECT) offers a viable method for real time monitoring during the PBF-LB/M build cycle. However, complex temperature fields arising during manufacturing significantly impact electrical conductivity, posing a challenge for ECT accuracy. Thus, precise temperature distribution prediction is essential for reliable flaw detection. This study develops a Finite Element (FE) model to predict the temperature field in multi-part build cycles. Scan vectors are grouped into clusters based on their timestamps, enabling the homogenization of thermal loads from multiple scan vectors. This approach allows for optimizing the trade-off between modeling accuracy and computational efficiency in a multi-part build. The study assesses the prediction accuracy required for ECT and investigates the appropriate level of homogenization needed to achieve it. Model predictions are validated through comparisons with thermography images and thermocouple measurements conducted during the manufacturing of 316L steel components.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Progress in Additive Manufacturing</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.1007/s40964-025-01429-2</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-650165</identifier>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="date_peer_review">15.12.2025</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Tagir Iskhakov</author>
    <author>Philipp Breese</author>
    <author>Simon Altenburg</author>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>PBF-LB/M</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>FEM</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Heat accumulation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Eddy current testing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>316L</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.3 Thermografische Verfahren</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/65016/Iskhakov_et_al-2025-Progress_in_Additive_Manufacturing.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>64369</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>9</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName>EPMA</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Influence Of Initial Powder Oxidation Level On Process-induced Material Degradation During The Laser Powder Bed Fusion Of Nickel-based Haynes 282</title>
    <abstract language="eng">This study examines the impact of varying oxidation levels in nickel-based Haynes 282 powder on particle degradation during laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB|M). Four powder batches with oxygen content levels of approximately from 140 ppm to1400 ppm were processed using PBF-LB|M. A powder collection container was fabricated to sample unmelted powder from heat-affected regions of the powder bed. Recoating and melting proceeded without issues; however, increased fume emissions were observed at higher oxidation levels, indicating intensified spatter formation. Post-process analysis revealed that finer particles exhibited greater surface oxidation due to their higher surface-to-volume ratio. Despite significant oxygen uptake, chemical analysis showed no measurable changes in key alloying elements in either the unmelted or spatter particles. Additionally, changes in particle size distribution became more pronounced at high oxidation levels. These findings provide a basis for understanding oxidation-driven degradation and optimizing powder reuse strategies to maintain material performance.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Euro PM2025 Proceedings</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="doi">10.59499/EP256767986</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="eventName">Euro Powder Metallurgy 2025 Congress &amp; Exhibition</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">14.09.2025</enrichment>
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    <enrichment key="eventEnd">17.09.2025</enrichment>
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    <author>Josué Dávila</author>
    <author>Rafael Kleba-Ehrhardt</author>
    <author>Gunther Mohr</author>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Recycling</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive manufacturing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M)</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Powder quality</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Powder degradation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Powder oxidation</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Spatter particles</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Particles ejected</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Powder reuse</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>64324</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst/>
    <pageLast/>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume/>
    <type>lecture</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Redesign, Repair, Recycle: R-Strategien bei der additiven Fertigung</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Der Vortrag stellt ausgewählte Beispiele aus Projekten des Kompetenzzentrums AM@BAM vor, die das Potenzial der additiven Fertigung bei der Umsetzung von R-Strategien im Kontext der Kreislaufwirtschaft aufzeigen. PBF-LB/M kann genutzt werden für ein Redesign von Komponenten mit dem Ziel der Gewicht- und Materialeinsparung. Das gleiche Verfahren wie auch DED-ARC und das Kaltgasspritzen können für die Reparatur anspruchsvoller Legierungen oder Geometrien genutzt werden. Das Thema Recycling wird am Beispiel der Wiedernutzung von Pulver aus dem PBF-LB/M-Prozess adressiert.</abstract>
    <enrichment key="eventName">DVM-Tagung: Strukturfestigkeit und Produktlebenszyklus – Vom Design bis zur Kreislaufwirtschaft</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Berlin, Germany</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">07.10.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">08.10.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="InvitedTalks">1</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">publish</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.doi.autoCreate">false</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.urn.autoCreate">true</enrichment>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Additive Fertigung</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>R-Strategien</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Repair</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>deu</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Reparatur</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Präsentation</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>64210</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2025</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>eng</language>
    <pageFirst>1</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>14</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue>4</issue>
    <volume>37</volume>
    <type>article</type>
    <publisherName>American Institute of Physics Publishing</publisherName>
    <publisherPlace>New York</publisherPlace>
    <creatingCorporation/>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="eng">Reduction of extraneous variance in powder bed fusion with laser beam of metals by means of advanced digital preprocessing</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Data-driven quality assurance and reproducibility are critical for advancing the industrial maturity of Powder Bed Fusion with Laser Beam of Metals (PBF-LB/M). This study addresses the extraneous variance in scan vectors that arises even for identical cross sections of nominally identical components but located at different positions on the build platform. This inherent variance, common across most PBF-LB/M machines, is caused by scan vector computation relative to the machine coordinate origin and subsequent projection of the resulting pattern onto individual component cross sections. In this work, scan vectors are computed still following conventional slicing, but relative to the workpiece origin of each component, using an EOS M 300-4. This digital preprocessing approach homogenizes fabrication conditions, ensuring that anomalies, such as scan vector overlaps, occur consistently across identical components. The impact during fabrication is assessed through powder bed imaging, melt pool monitoring, and operational data from the multilaser PBF-LB/M machine. Components are manufactured from AlSi10Mg for each scan vector computation origin and subsequently qualified using x-ray computed tomography, optical coordinate measurement, and optical surface measurement. A comprehensive evaluation is conducted, comparing the results in terms of component density, geometric accuracy, and surface roughness to those obtained using conventional preprocessing. Based on these findings, practical recommendations are provided, focusing on achieved quality criteria to identify potential drawbacks, while also considering the life cycle analysis of fabrication. Finally, the study emphasizes the significance of consistent scan vector provisioning for identical components placed at different build platform positions, assuming no roll or pitch during nesting.</abstract>
    <parentTitle language="eng">Journal of Laser Applications</parentTitle>
    <identifier type="issn">1042-346X</identifier>
    <identifier type="doi">10.2351/7.0001890</identifier>
    <identifier type="urn">urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-642104</identifier>
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    <enrichment key="eventName">ICALEO</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventPlace">Orlando, FL, USA</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventStart">13.10.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="eventEnd">16.10.2025</enrichment>
    <enrichment key="opus.source">doi-import</enrichment>
    <licence>Creative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International</licence>
    <author>Konstantin Poka</author>
    <author>Sozol Ali</author>
    <author>Alexander Ulbricht</author>
    <author>Jakob Schröder</author>
    <author>Jiganesh Khambayat</author>
    <author>Maik Scholz</author>
    <author>Waleed Saeed</author>
    <author>Benjamin Merz</author>
    <author>Martin Epperlein</author>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Quality assurance</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Data management</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>3D printing</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Laser fabrication</value>
    </subject>
    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Life cycle analysis</value>
    </subject>
    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">8.5 Röntgenbildgebung</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Material</collection>
    <collection role="literaturgattung" number="">Verlagsliteratur</collection>
    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei im Netzwerk der BAM verfügbar ("Closed Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
    <file>https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/files/64210/Reduction_of_extraneous_variance_in_PBF_LB_M_M_by_means_of_advanced_digital_pre_processing.pdf</file>
  </doc>
  <doc>
    <id>63182</id>
    <completedYear/>
    <publishedYear>2024</publishedYear>
    <thesisYearAccepted/>
    <language>deu</language>
    <pageFirst>67</pageFirst>
    <pageLast>79</pageLast>
    <pageNumber/>
    <edition/>
    <issue/>
    <volume>409</volume>
    <type>conferenceobject</type>
    <publisherName/>
    <publisherPlace/>
    <creatingCorporation>Deutscher Verband für Materialforschung und -prüfung e.V.</creatingCorporation>
    <contributingCorporation/>
    <belongsToBibliography>0</belongsToBibliography>
    <completedDate>--</completedDate>
    <publishedDate>--</publishedDate>
    <thesisDateAccepted>--</thesisDateAccepted>
    <title language="deu">Untersuchung des Potenzials von Kaltgasspritzen für die Reparatur zyklisch belasteter Bauteile</title>
    <title language="eng">Investigation on the capability of cold-spray for repair of cyclically loaded components</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Die Reparatur mittels Kaltgasspritzen ist eine vielversprechende Alternative zum&#13;
teuren Austausch fehlerbehafteter Bauteile in der Luft- und Raumfahrt. Im Rahmen&#13;
dieser Arbeit wurde das Potential des Verfahrens an der hochfesten&#13;
Aluminiumlegierungen Al6061-T6 unter Anwendung von Stickstoff als kostengünstiges&#13;
Prozessgas untersucht. Es wurden quasi-statische Zugversuche und einachsige&#13;
Zeitfestigkeitsversuche mit besonderem Fokus auf das in-situ Kugelstrahlen zur&#13;
Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften durchgeführt. Im Ergebnis wurde die&#13;
Verbesserung der Adhäsion zwischen Substrat und aufgebautem Werkstoff als&#13;
entscheidendes Kriterium für eine Anwendbarkeit ermittelt. Die Laserstrukturierung&#13;
von Substratoberflächen ist hierfür vielversprechend und wurde im Rahmen der Arbeit&#13;
mittels Adhäsionsversuchen untersucht.</abstract>
    <abstract language="eng">Repair by cold-spray is a promising alternative to the costly replacement of flawed&#13;
components in aerospace applications. In the present work this process was&#13;
investigated on the high-strength aluminum alloy Al6061-T6. For the cold-spray&#13;
process, inexpensive Nitrogen was used as process-gas. Quasi-static tensile and highcycle-&#13;
fatigue tests (HCF) were performed, focusing on in-situ shot peening to improve&#13;
the mechanical properties of the repaired part. An improved adhesion between&#13;
substrate and built-up material was identified as a key-factor for the applicability of the&#13;
process. Under this respect laser-structuring of the substrate surface was applied and&#13;
its effect on the mechanical performance of the restored samples were examined by&#13;
adhesion tests.</abstract>
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      <value>Repair</value>
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      <value>Fatigue</value>
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    <title language="deu">Additive Fertigung von Bauteilen und Strukturen – Grenzen, Risiken, Chancen</title>
    <abstract language="deu">Dieser Eröffnungsvortrag des DVM-Tages beleuchtet Herausforderungen in der additiven Fertigung und plädiert für eine enge Zusammenarbeit von Fertigungstechnik und Bruchmechanik für die Vorhersage der Lebensdauer AM-gefertigter Komponenten.</abstract>
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    <author>Mauro Madia</author>
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      <value>Digitale Qualitätssicherung</value>
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    <title language="eng">EOS M300 as the heart of the QI living lab: Advancing with digital process chains</title>
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    <title language="eng">Surface structure analysis using visual high-resolution in situ process monitoring in laser powder bed fusion</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Parameter studies are a common step in selecting process parameters for laser powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M). Density cubes are commonly used for this purpose. Density cubes manufactured with varied process parameters can exhibit distinguishable surface structures visible to the human eye. The layer-wise process enables such surface structures to be detected during manufacturing. However, industrial visual in situ monitoring systems for PBF-LB/M currently have limited resolution and are incapable of reliably capturing small differences in the surface structures. In this work, a 65 MPixel high-resolution monochrome camera was integrated into an industrial PBF-LB/M machine together with a high-intensity LED (light-emitting diode) bar. Post-exposure images were taken to analyse differences in light reflection of fused areas. It is revealed that the grey-level co-occurrence matrix can be used to quantify the visual surface structure of nickel-based superalloy Inconel®939 density cubes per layer. The properties of the grey-level co-occurrence matrix correlate to the energy input and the resulting porosity of density cubes. Low-energy samples containing lack of fusion flaws show an increased contrast in the grey-level co-occurrence matrix compared to specimens with optimal energy input. The potential of high-resolution images for quality assurance via in situ process monitoring in PBF-LB/M is further discussed.</abstract>
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    <author>Jonathan Schmidt</author>
    <author>Benjamin Merz</author>
    <author>Konstantin Poka</author>
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    <title language="eng">Quality assurance via a cyber physical system of a PBF-LB/M machine</title>
    <abstract language="eng">Powder Bed Fusion with Laser Beam of Metals (PBF-LB/M) faces challenges in reproducibility and quality assurance, even for widely applied alloys like AlSi10Mg. This work introduces a digital provenance framework for PBF-LB/M, showcased through the EOS M 300–4 multi-laser machine. An Extract, Transform, Load (ETL) pipeline autonomously captures machine data, including scan vectors as well as process signals, and organizes them into a Digital Shadow (DS). The DS is further extended by external data sources, such as Melt Pool Monitoring (MPM), to enable comprehensive analysis and root cause identification. This approach ensures continuous data representation and facilitates the development of new quality metrics. Moreover, the framework enhances quality assurance and traceability, supports compliance with industry standards, and improves productivity. It also enables more precise cost calculations and predictive maintenance. By addressing these challenges, the framework is essential for advancing PBF-LB/M in industrial applications, achieving greater consistency and scalability in production.</abstract>
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    <author>Konstantin Poka</author>
    <author>Sozol Ali</author>
    <author>Waleed Saeed</author>
    <author>Benjamin Merz</author>
    <author>Martin Epperlein</author>
    <author>Kai Hilgenberg</author>
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      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>PBF-LB/M</value>
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      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Data driven quality assurance</value>
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      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Data engineering</value>
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    <subject>
      <language>eng</language>
      <type>uncontrolled</type>
      <value>Digital shadow</value>
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    <collection role="ddc" number="620">Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9 Komponentensicherheit</collection>
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    <collection role="fulltextaccess" number="">Datei für die Öffentlichkeit verfügbar ("Open Access")</collection>
    <collection role="unnumberedseries" number="">Wissenschaftliche Artikel der BAM</collection>
    <collection role="institutes" number="">9.6 Additive Fertigung metallischer Komponenten</collection>
    <collection role="themenfelder" number="">Additive Fertigung</collection>
    <thesisPublisher>Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM)</thesisPublisher>
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