Dokument-ID Dokumenttyp Autoren/innen Persönliche Herausgeber/innen Haupttitel Abstract Auflage Verlagsort Verlag Herausgeber (Institution) Erscheinungsjahr Titel des übergeordneten Werkes Jahrgang/Band ISBN Veranstaltung Veranstaltungsort Beginndatum der Veranstaltung Enddatum der Veranstaltung Ausgabe/Heft Erste Seite Letzte Seite URN DOI Lizenz Datum der Freischaltung OPUS4-54987 Zeitschriftenartikel Brandt, S.; Brozowski, Frank; Horn, Wolfgang; Plehn, W.; Müller, B. Weiterentwicklung des Geruchsmessverfahrens für Bauprodukte (Teil II): Anwendung eines Adapters und vereinfachtes Bewertungsverfahren Zur Weiterentwicklung der Probenpräsentation wurde ein Adapter entwickelt, der Emissionsprüfkammer und Bewertungstrichter miteinander verbindet und dadurch eine der direkten Messung vergleichbare Geruchsbewertung ermöglicht. Die analytischen Messungen zeigen, dass es kaum Unterschiede in der Zusammensetzung der Probenluft in der Kammer im Vergleich zum Probenbehälter gibt. Bei den olfaktorischen Messungen kam es jedoch bei der Bewertung der Probenluft mit Hilfe des Adapters zu Minderbefunden. Anschließende Untersuchungen zeigten, dass beim Ausschalten des Geräts Umgebungsluft über den Trichter in den Adapter strömt und zu einer Verdünnung der Probenluft führt. Um dies zu vermeiden, werden derzeit weitere Messungen durchgeführt. Eine weitere Versuchsreihe wurde durchgeführt, um den Messaufwand bei der Bewertung der empfundenen Intensität zu reduzieren. Die entwickelte „größer-oder-kleiner/gleich" Abfrage kann hier hilfreich sein. Die Untersuchungen im Luftqualitätslabor und im Rahmen eines Ringversuches mit verschiedenen Laboren, zeigen, dass die Abfrage in fast allen Fällen zu den gleichen Ergebnissen führt, wie die normgerechte aber aufwendigere Ermittlung der empfundenen Intensität mithilfe des Vergleichsmaßstabes. Düsseldorf VDI Fachmedien Institut für Arbeitsschutz (IFA) der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung (DGUV) 2022 Gefahrstoffe, Reinhaltung der Luft = Air quality control 82 3-4 83 89 urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-549875 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de 2022-06-13 OPUS4-55286 Zeitschriftenartikel Karafiludis, Stephanos; de Oliveira Guilherme Buzanich, Ana; Kochovski, Z.; Feldmann, Ines; Emmerling, Franziska; Stawski, Tomasz Ni- and Co-Struvites: Revealing Crystallization Mechanisms and Crystal Engineering toward Applicational Use of Transition Metal Phosphates Industrial and agricultural waste streams (waste water, sludges, tailings, etc.) which contain high concentrations of NH4+, PO43-, and transition metals are environmentally harmful and toxic pollutants. At the same time, phosphorous and transition metals constitute highly valuable resources. Typically, separate pathways have been considered to extract hazardous transition metals or phosphate independently from each other. Investigations on the simultaneous removal of multiple components have been carried out only to a limited extent. Here, we report the synthesis routes for Ni- and Co-struvites (NH4MPO4·6H2O, M = Ni2+ and Co2+), which allow for P, ammonia, and metal co-precipitation. By evaluating different reaction parameters, the phase and stability of transition metal struvites as well as their crystal morphologies and sizes could be optimized. Ni-struvite is stable in a wide reactant concentration range and at different metal/phosphorus (M/P) ratios, whereas Co-struvite only forms at low M/P ratios. Detailed investigations of the precipitation process using ex situ and in situ techniques provided insights into the crystallization mechanisms/crystal engineering of these materials. M-struvites crystallize via intermediate colloidal amorphous nanophases, which subsequently aggregate and condense to final crystals after extended reaction times. However, the exact reaction kinetics of the formation of a final crystalline product varies significantly depending on the involved metal cation in the precipitation process: several seconds (Mg) to minutes (Ni) to hours (Co). The achieved level of control over the morphology and size makes precipitation of transition metal struvites a promising method for direct metal recovery and binding them in the form of valuable phosphate raw materials. Under this paradigm, the crystals can be potentially up-cycled as precursor powders for electrochemical or (electro)catalytic applications, which require transition metal phosphates. Washington D.C. ACS Publications 2022 Crystal Growth & Design 22 7 4305 4315 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00284 2022-07-18 OPUS4-55189 Zeitschriftenartikel Bresch, Harald; Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan; Schmidt, Alexandra; Rasmussen, K.; Rauscher, H. Counting Small Particles in Electron Microscopy Images — Proposal for Rules and Their Application in Practice Electron microscopy (EM) is the gold standard for the characterisation of the morphology (size and shape) of nanoparticles. Visual observation of objects under examination is always a necessary first step in the characterisation process. Several questions arise when undertaking to identify and count particles to measure their size and shape distribution. In addition to challenges with the dispersion and identification of the particles, more than one protocol for counting particles is in use. This paper focuses on precise rules for the counting of particles in EM micrographs, as this influences the measurement accuracy of the number of particles, thus implicitly affecting the size values of the counted particles. We review and compare four different, commonly used methods for counting, which we then apply in case studies. The impact of the selected counting rule on the obtained final particle size distribution is highlighted. One main aim of this analysis is to support the application of a specific, well-defined counting approach in accordance with regulatory requirements to contribute to achieving more reliable and reproducible results. It is also useful for the new harmonised measurement procedures for determining the particle size and particle size distribution of nanomaterials. Basel MDPI 2022 Nanomaterials 12 13 2238 urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-551891 10.3390/nano12132238 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de 2022-07-06 OPUS4-55002 Zeitschriftenartikel Sieksmeyer, T.; He, S.; Esparza-Mora, M. A.; Jiang, S.; Petrasiunaite, V.; Kuropka, B.; Banasiak, Robert; Julseth, M. J.; Weise, C.; Johnston, P. R.; Rodriguez-Rojas, A.; McMahon, Dino Peter Eating in a losing cause: Limited benefit of modifed macronutrient consumption following infection in the oriental cockroach Blatta orientalis Background: Host-pathogen interactions can lead to dramatic changes in host feeding behaviour. One aspect of this includes self-medication, where infected individuals consume substances such as toxins or alter their macronutrient consumption to enhance immune competence. Another widely adopted animal response to infection is illness-induced anorexia, which is thought to assist host immunity directly or by limiting the nutritional resources available to pathogens. Here, we recorded macronutrient preferences of the global pest cockroach, Blatta orientalis to investigate how shifts in host macronutrient dietary preference and quantity of carbohydrate (C) and protein (P) interact with immunity following bacterial infection. Results: We fnd that B. orientalis avoids diets enriched for P under normal conditions, and that high P diets reduce cockroach survival in the long term. However, following bacterial challenge, cockroaches signifcantly reduced their overall nutrient intake, particularly of carbohydrates, and increased the relative ratio of protein (P:C) consumed. Surprisingly, these behavioural shifts had a limited efect on cockroach immunity and survival, with minor changes to immune protein abundance and antimicrobial activity between individuals placed on diferent diets, regardless of infection status. Conclusions: We show that cockroach feeding behaviour can be modulated by a pathogen, resulting in an illness-induced anorexia-like feeding response and a shift from a C-enriched to a more P:C equal diet. However, our results also indicate that such responses do not provide signifcant immune protection in B. orientalis, suggesting that the host's dietary shift might also result from random rather than directed behaviour. The lack of an apparent beneft of the shift in feeding behaviour highlights a possible reduced importance of diet in immune regulation in these invasive animals, although further investigations employing pathogens with alternative infection strategies are warranted. London, UK Springer Nature BioMed Central 2022 BMC ecology and evolution 22 1 1 14 urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-550022 10.1186/s12862-022-02007-8 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de 2022-06-13 OPUS4-55009 Zeitschriftenartikel Montag, D.; Adam, Christian Rechtliche Vorgaben der Klärschlammverordnung und deren Auswirkungen auf die Phosphor-Rückgewinnung Im Abfalltechnik-Ausschuss der Bund/Länder-Arbeitsgemeinschaft Abfall (LAGA) wurde eine Vollzugshilfe zur Klärschlammverordnung erarbeitet, die nach Verabschiedung durch die Umweltministerkonferenz Mitte Mai 2020 als LAGA-Merkblatt M-39 veröffentlicht wurde. Im vorliegenden vierten Arbeitsbericht der DWA-Arbeitsgruppe KEK-1.1 werden verschiedene Aspekte der ab dem Jahr 2029 geltenden Regelungen aufgegriffen und damit einige Punkte des LAGA M-39 hinsichtlich der technischen Auswirkungen für den Kläranlagenbetreiber konkret ausgeführt. Hennef Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Abwassertechnik Deutsche Vereinigung für Wasserwirtschaft, Abwasser und Abfall (DWA) 2022 Korrespondenz Abwasser, Abfall 5 69 406 413 2022-06-15 OPUS4-54897 Zeitschriftenartikel Schneider, Beate; Pfeiffer, F.; Dyall-Smith, M.; Kunte, Hans-Jörg Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas veronii Strain G2, a Member of a Bacterial Consortium Capable of Polyethylene Degradation Nine different bacterial isolates were recovered from landfills. Each isolate was obtained in pure culture. As a consortium, the bacteria degrade polyethylene. The complete genome sequence of strain G2 was determined by PacBio sequencing. Using the TYGS server for taxonomic classification, strain G2 was assigned to the species Pseudomonas veronii. ASM 2022 Microbiology Ressource Announcements 1 2 urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-548973 10.1128/mra.00365-22 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de 2022-05-30 OPUS4-54902 Zeitschriftenartikel Breitenbach, Romy; Gerrits, Ruben; Dementyeva, Polina; Knabe, Nicole; Schumacher, Julia; Feldmann, Ines; Radnik, Jörg; Ryo, M.; Gorbushina, Anna The role of extracellular polymeric substances of fungal biofilms in mineral attachment and weathering The roles extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) play in mineral attachment and weathering were studied using genetically modified biofilms of the rock-inhabiting fungus Knufia petricola strain A95. Mutants deficient in melanin and/or carotenoid synthesis were grown as air-exposed biofilms. Extracted EPS were quantified and characterised using a combination of analytical techniques. The absence of melanin affected the quantity and composition of the produced EPS: mutants no longer able to form melanin synthesised more EPS containing fewer pullulan-related glycosidic linkages. Moreover, the melanin-producing strains attached more strongly to the mineral olivine and dissolved it at a higher rate. We hypothesise that the pullulan-related linkages, with their known adhesion functionality, enable fungal attachment and weathering. The released phenolic intermediates of melanin synthesis in the Δsdh1 mutant might play a role similar to Fe-chelating siderophores, driving olivine dissolution even further. These data demonstrate the need for careful compositional and quantitative analyses of biofilm-created microenvironments. London Springer Nature 2022 npj Materials degradation 6 1 11 urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-549025 10.1038/s41529-022-00253-1 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de 2022-05-30 OPUS4-55261 Zeitschriftenartikel Schmidt, Selina; Rodríguez-Rojas, A.; Rolff, J.; Schreiber, Frank Biocides used as material preservatives modify rates of de novo mutation and horizontal gene transfer in bacteria Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem with the environment being an important compartment for the evolution and transmission of AMR. Previous studies showed that de-novo mutagenesis and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) by conjugation or transformation - important processes underlying resistance evolution and spread - are affected by antibiotics, metals and pesticides. However, natural microbial communities are also frequently exposed to biocides used as material preservatives, but it is unknown if these substances induce mutagenesis and HGT. Here, we show that active substances used in material preservatives can increase rates of mutation and conjugation in a species- and substance-dependent manner, while rates of transformation are not increased. The bisbiguanide chlorhexidine digluconate, the quaternary ammonium compound didecyldimethylammonium chloride, the metal copper, the pyrethroid-insecticide permethrin, and the azole-fungicide propiconazole increase mutation rates in Escherichia coli, whereas no increases were identified for Bacillus subtilis and Acinetobacter baylyi. Benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine and permethrin increased conjugation in E. coli. Moreover, our results show a connection between the RpoS-mediated general stress and the RecA-linked SOS response with increased rates of mutation and conjugation, but not for all biocides. Taken together, our data show the importance of assessing the contribution of material preservatives on AMR evolution and spread. Amsterdam Elsevier 2022 Journal of hazardous materials 437 1 13 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129280 2022-07-14 OPUS4-56176 Zeitschriftenartikel Kazemifard, N.; Dehkohneh, Abolfazl; Baradaran Ghavami, S. Probiotics and probiotic-based vaccines: A novel approach for improving vaccine efficacy Vaccination is defined as the stimulation and development of the adaptive immune system by administering specific antigens. Vaccines' efficacy, in inducing immunity, varies in different societies due to economic, social, and biological conditions. One of the influential biological factors is gut microbiota. Cross-talks between gut bacteria and the host immune system are initiated at birth during microbial colonization and directly control the immune responses and protection against pathogen colonization. Imbalances in the gut microbiota composition, termed dysbiosis, can trigger several immune disorders through the activity of the adaptive immune system and impair the adequate response to the vaccination. The bacteria used in probiotics are often members of the gut microbiota, which have health benefits for the host. Probiotics are generally consumed as a component of fermented foods, affect both innate and acquired immune systems, and decrease infections. This review aimed to discuss the gut microbiota's role in regulating immune responses to vaccination and how probiotics can help induce immune responses against pathogens. Finally, probiotic-based oral vaccines and their efficacy have been discussed. Lausanne Frontiers Media 2022 Frontiers in medicine 9 1 15 urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-561767 10.3389/fmed.2022.940454 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de 2022-11-09 OPUS4-56239 Zeitschriftenartikel Schoknecht, Ute; Kalbe, Ute; Heisterkamp, I.; Kretzschmar, M.; Gartiser, S.; Happel, O.; Ilvonen, O. Release of substances from joint grouts based on various binder types and their ecotoxic effects Background: The leaching of substances and the ecotoxic effects of eluates were studied for joint grouts that are based on various types of binders. Eight products, two of them containing either epoxy resin, polybutadiene or polyurethane binders, or modifed cement, were investigated using harmonized leaching tests for construction products in combination with ecotoxicity tests on algae, daphnia, luminescent bacteria, fish eggs and mutagenicity in accordance with CEN/TR 17105. In addition to basic parameters, such as pH, TOC, and inorganic components, organic substances in the eluates were analysed by gas and liquid chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry. Quantitative analyses in combination with ecotoxicity data on selected substances were used to deduce which substances cause the observed ecotoxic effects. Results: Different patterns of ecotoxic effects were observed in joint grouts with different binder types. The most ecotoxic effects were observed in epoxy resin-based products, followed by polybutadiene-based products. Fewer ecotoxic effects were observed in polyurethane-based products and modifed cements. Some of these showed no ecotoxicity. Some of the substances in the eluates were identified and related to ecotoxic effects. 4-Tert-butylphenol and amines probably contributed to the ecotoxic effects of at least one of the epoxy resin-based renders, whereas cobalt is assumed to contribute to the toxic effect on algae of one of the polybutadiene-based products. However, only some of the leached substances could be identifed, and only some of the ecotoxic effects can be explained by the available information on the composition of eluates and known ecotoxic profiles of the identified substances. Conclusions: Ecotoxicity tests on eluates from leaching tests indicate whether environmentally hazardous substances can be leached from construction products. Combined ecotoxicity tests and chemical analysis of eluates from EU-wide harmonized leaching tests for construction products can provide information on substances that cause these effects. This supports the identifcation and development of environmentally friendly construction products. This study confirmed that ecotoxicity tests in accordance with CEN/TR 17105 are a tool well-suited to support the implementation of the European Commission's zero pollution vision for 2050 and to reduce pollution to levels no longer considered harmful to health and natural ecosystems. Berlin Springer Nature 2022 Environmental Sciences Europe 34 1 1 16 urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-562392 10.1186/s12302-022-00686-0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de 2022-11-14