Dokument-ID Dokumenttyp Autoren/innen Persönliche Herausgeber/innen Haupttitel Abstract Auflage Verlagsort Verlag Herausgeber (Institution) Erscheinungsjahr Titel des übergeordneten Werkes Jahrgang/Band ISBN Veranstaltung Veranstaltungsort Beginndatum der Veranstaltung Enddatum der Veranstaltung Ausgabe/Heft Erste Seite Letzte Seite URN DOI Lizenz Datum der Freischaltung OPUS4-55970 Zeitschriftenartikel Bodechtel, S.; Fuhrmann, A.; Henning, A.; Hahn, Oliver; Rabin, Ira; Kreische, W.; Mäder, M. The Madonna with the Wash-Basin by Giulio Romano: A Multidisciplinary Study of the Painting's History In an interdisciplinary collaboration, restorers, art historians, and scientists examined Guilio Romano's The Madonna with the Wash-Basin of 1525 (Dresden State Art Collections). Insights into the painting technique along with art historical comparisons provided the opportunity for a better understanding of the painting's genesis, in particular concerning an early reworking of the background by the artist. A recovery and reconstruction of the earlier version of the background is now possible. The discovery of zinc in distinct passages of the painting, as well as the grey-black pigment stibnite and glass particles used as a supplement in paint layers are of special interest. The technological investigation initiated a discussion about the circumstances of the revision, as well as the painting's relation to Vasari's Lives of Artists. London, UK Routledge Taylor & Francis Group Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden, Dresden, Germany 2022 Studies in conservation 2022 2 12 10.1080/00393630.2022.2118302 2022-10-13 OPUS4-54756 Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband Bonnerot, Olivier; Del Mastro, G.; Hammerstaedt, J.; Mocella, V.; Rabin, Ira Capasso, M.; Davoli, P.; Pellé, N. XRF Ink Analysis of Selected Fragments from the Herculaneum Collection of the Biblioteca Nazionale di Napoli Hundreds of papyrus rolls, carbonized during the 79CE eruption of Mount Vesuvius, were discovered in 1754 at Herculaneum. Sophisticated mechanical methods for unrolling the best-preserved scrolls have been applied, with varying success. However, such processes have been abandoned, to prevent risk from irremediable damage or loss and to preserve the integrity of the extremely fragile rolls. Following the development of X-ray based non-invasive techniques, attempts to virtually unroll the scrolls were made. The most common ink in Antiquity was carbon-based, and the main element of carbonized papyrus is carbon, making these investigations difficult. However, some attempts with synchrotron X-ray phase-contrast tomography (XPCT) were successful. Recently, the identification of antique inks containing metals raised hope that if some of the inks contain metal the rolls can be virtually unrolled using conventional CT- technique. We investigated the inks of a selection of partially unrolled fragments stored at the Biblioteca Nazionale di Napoli with X-ray fluorescence in order to select the best candidates for tomography. Despite the many difficulties (analysis of several layers sticking together, letters barely visible, difficulty to separate contribution from the ink and from the papyrus, inhomogeneity of the support, fragility of the fragments…), encouraging results were found, with a number of inks from Greek fragments found to contain additions to the soot (Fe, Pb, Cu P). Lecce Centro di Studi Papirologici dell’Universitŕ del Salento 2022 Proceedings of the 29th lntemational Congress of Papyrology, Lecce 28 July-3 August 2019 978-88-8305-177-7 200 213 10.1285/i99788883051760 2022-05-05 OPUS4-54593 Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband Rabin, Ira Ciner, P.; Nunez, A. Writing Materials of the Dead See Scrolls The first manuscripts from the Qumran caves were found in 1947. Within the following 10 years, clandestine and legal excavations revealed some 900 highly fragmented manuscripts from the late Second Temple period. This collection is generally known as Scrolls of the Judea Desert or Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS). For many years after their discovery, text analysis and fragmeents attribution were the main concern of the scholars dealing with the scrolls. The uncertain archaeological provenance of the larger part of the collection added an additional difficulty to the formidable task of sorting some 19000 fragments. After 60 years of scholar research the question of origin, archaeological provenance and correct attribution of the fragmenst are still hotly debated. To dtermine a possible contribution to the debate from the point of view of writing materials, we used otpical and electron microscopy, various X-ray based techniques as well as vibratiional sprectroscopy. We validated our approach with SY - based studies using the advantages of the synchroton radiation source with respect to the benchtop devices. Our laboratory studies showed that often production and storage locality could be distinguished thenks to the specific residues ("fingerprint") they left on the material. Moreover, we have diescovered that diferrent parchment production processses coexisted in the antiquity, and the resulting writing materials can readily be distinguished. Turnhout, Belgium Brepols Brepols 2021 The Discoveries of Manuscripts from Late Antiquity 0095/ 19 978-2-503-59149-0 2nd International Conference on Patristic Studies San Juan, Argentina 28.03.2017 31.03.2017 325 331 10.1484/M.STR-EB.5.1211558 2022-04-04 OPUS4-53843 misc Gruskovŕ, J.; Martin, G.; Kresten, O.; Mitthoff, F.; Kaska, K.; Hofmann, C.; Kreuzer, W.; Phelps, M.; Boydston, K.; Easton Jr., R. L.; Knox, K. T.; Kelbe, D.; Kasotakis, D.; Christens-Barry, W. A.; Stewart, D.; Rabin, Ira; Hahn, Oliver; Glaser, L.; Garrevoet, J.; Shevchuk, I.; Klumpp, S.; Deckers, D.; Buck, J. Cronier, M.; Mondrain, B. Insights-into-the-Digital-Recovery-of-the-Scythica-Vindobonesia The Scythica Vindobonensia, the new fragments on Gothic incursions into Roman provinces in the Balkans in the middle of the third century AD that were revealed some years ago in a Greek palimpsest at the Austrian National Library in Vienna (ÖNB), are commonly considered as one of the most important additions of the last decades to the corpus of texts from classical Antiquity. Tere is a high degree of confdence among scholars in supposing that the fragments come from the lost work Scythica written in Greek by the third-century historian P. Herennius Dexippus (Δέξιππος) of Athens. The new fragments have hence also been called Dexippus Vindobonensis. In his Scythica, Dexippus recorded wars of the Romans with the Goths (and other tribes) whom he called Scythians. The work had been hitherto known only from excerpts and quotes by later authors. Eight pages of a Byzantine manuscript copy of the ancient text have survived hidden underneath the visible surface of the last four parchment folios of the Vienna manuscript Historicus graecus 73, f. 192r -195v4. The copy is written in a Greek calligraphic minuscule which has been estimated by palaeographers to be of the middle or the second half of the eleventh century. In the thirteenth century, the text (on each of the eight pages arranged in one column, with 30 lines per page) was washed of the parchment and the valuable material made from animal skin was re-used for Christian texts. The new writing largely covered the faded remnants of the original text. It thus became hidden from the human eye for more than seven hundred years. Its discovery by Jana Grusková, a classical philologist specialized in the transmission of Greek texts, resulted from a systematic review of all Greek palimpsests kept at the Austrian National Library in Vienna at the beginning of the twenty-first century and a detailed examination of the four folios in 2007-20097. 1 Paris Association des Amis du Centre d’Histoire et Civilisation de Byzance 2020 Collčge de France – CNRS Centre de recherche d'histoire et civilisation de Byzance 2020 978-2-916716-81-7 24/1 945 967 2021-11-29 OPUS4-53844 Forschungsbericht Hahn, Oliver; Nehring, G.; Freisitzer, R.; Rabin, Ira A study on early european inks from St. Paul in lavanttal Typology of Inks Archives and museums around the world contain a vast number of manuscripts that were written in different inks: carbon inks, plant inks, iron-gall inks and mixed inks. Yet most archaeometric studies of manuscripts focus on the palette of pigments found in illuminated manuscripts whereas identification of the inks is still largely based on cultural-historical studies and visual inspections. One of the reasons of this disproportion in the studies can be explained by the properties of Raman spectroscopy, the technique of choice for identification of pigments. In contrast, this technique is only partially viable when dealing with organic colourants. Brown and Clark discuss these difficulties and the uncertainties of identification of iron-gall inks by Raman spectroscopy in their pioneering work on early medieval Anglo-Saxon manuscripts (K. Brown and R. Clark 2004). To facilitate instrumental analysis of inks, we have developed a protocol that starts with the identification of the inks type (Rabin et al. 2012) which doesn't require complicated instrumentation and can be carried out by paleographers and codicologists. Three typological ink classes The black writing materials used in manuscript production in Antiquity und Middle Ages can be sorted in three typologically different ink classes: soot, plant and iron-gall. Soot ink is a fine dispersion of carbon pigments in a water soluble binding agent; plant-based ink consists of a solution of the tannins extracted from gallnuts or tree bark; iron-gall ink, is produced by mixing a soluble compound of iron (II) with gallic or tannic acid extracted from gallnuts or tree bark. Therefore, iron-gall ink presents a boundary case between solution and dispersion ink, in which a water-soluble preliminary stage oxidizes and evolves into a black, insoluble precipitate similar to the carbon pigments when the writing is exposed to air (Krekel 1999). The additional category of mixed inks, i.e. inks produced by addition of various metals to the soot inks or intentional mixing of iron-gall and soot - based inks started attracting scholarly attention only recently because their significance was established only a short while ago (Brun et al. 2016, Colini 2018, Nehring et al. 2021). We suggest that plant and mixed inks build a bridge from the carbon ink of Antiquity to the properly formulated iron-gall ink that became a standard black ink from the late Middle Ages to the 19th century when it gave way to modern inks. Paris Gazette du livre médiéval 2021 Gazette du livre médiéval 2021 56 75 2021-11-29 OPUS4-54345 Buchkapitel Colini, Claudia; Shevchuk, I.; Huskin, K. A.; Rabin, Ira; Hahn, Oliver Quenzer, J. B. A New Standard Protocol for Identification of Writing Media Our standard protocol for the characterisation of writing materials within advanced manuscript studies has been successfully used to investigate manuscripts written with a pure ink on a homogeneous writing surface. However, this protocol is inadequate for analysing documents penned in mixed inks. We present here the advantages and limitations of the improved version of the protocol, which now includes imaging further into the infrared region (1100−1700 nm). Berlin/Boston Walter de Gruyter GmbH 2021 Exploring Written Artefacts 25 978-3-11-074545-0 161 182 urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-543454 10.1515/9783110753301-009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de 2022-02-16 OPUS4-53975 Zeitschriftenartikel Rabin, Ira D'Angelo, M.; Essler, H.; Nikolardi, F. Tracing the same Path While studying the socio-geographic history of inks, division 4.5 of the BAM (Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und Prüfung) together with the Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures in Hamburg has developed a protocol for ink analysis. It consists of a primary screening to determine the type of the ink, and a subsequent in-depth analysis using several spectroscopic techniques. The XRF elemental analysis aims primarily at identifying and characterizing metallic components of inks. Besides the instrumental methods, the paper presents an overview of historic inks in the period of transition from carbon inks of the Antiquity to iron-gall inks commonly used in the Middle Ages. Napoli, Italy Centro Internazionale per lo Studio dei Papiri Ercolanesi ‘Marcello Gigante’ 2021 Tracing the same Path 2021 228 175 180 2021-12-13 OPUS4-54065 Zeitschriftenartikel Nehring, Grzegorz; Bonnerot, Olivier; Gordon, N.; Rabin, Ira Writing and Correcting a Torah Scroll in Germany of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries Scientific material analysis of the elemental composition of inks from different strata of a manuscript has the potential to complement scholarly observations using palaeography and philology in reconstructing the history of the manuscript's production, correction and repair. There are three typologically different classes of black writing inks: soot inks consist of carbon particles. Hamburg Centre for the study of manuscript cultures 2021 Comparative Oriental Manuscript Studies Bulletin Comparative Oriental Manuscript Studies Bulletin 7, 2021 7 2 20 urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-540658 10.25592/uhhfdm.9749 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de 2021-12-16 OPUS4-52965 Zeitschriftenartikel Gordon, N.; Bonnerot, Olivier; Rabin, Ira Friedrich, M.; Quenzer, J. Inks Used to Write the Divine Name in a Thirteenth-Century Ashkenazic Torah Scroll: Erfurt 7 (Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Ms. or. fol. 1216) The scribe of 'Erfurt 7', a thirteenth-century Torah scroll now kept in Berlin, initially left blank spaces for the divine appellations Elohim ( אלהים ) and YHWH Elohim ( ,(יהוה אלהים which were filled in during a second stage of writing. The appearance of the ink employed to write the appellations was significantly darker than that of the surrounding ink. X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) has shown that the light and dark brown inks had similar elemental compositions, but contained different ratios of iron to potassium, which could be explained by the use of different batches of ink. According to some medieval sources, the divine appellations were sometimes filled in during a second stage of writing in the presence of ten men from the Jewish community. In Erfurt 7, the two-stage procedure was only performed in the first 1.5 columns of the original sheets, suggesting it may have been part of a public ceremony inaugurating the writing of the divine names in the scroll. Erfurt 7 emerges from this study not only as a ritual object used for liturgy, but as a rallying point for the Jews of Erfurt to come together as a community to express their reverence for the written form of God's name. The divine name YHWH ( יהוה ) was written in a smaller script than the surrounding text on three replacement sheets using the same two-stage procedure. The ink used on the replacement sheets contained zinc, which is characteristic of other Erfurt manuscripts as well. This suggests that Erfurt was the place where the scroll was used, cherished and eventually repaired. Universität Hamburg 2020 Manuscript Cultures 15 163 184 2021-07-15 OPUS4-52805 Beitrag zu einem Sammelband Rabin, Ira Raggetti, L. Material Studies of Historic Inks: Transition from Carbon to Iron-Gall Inks This chapter offers observations and considerations concerning black writing inks encountered in writing supports transmitting documentary and literary texts of the late Antiquity and early Middle Ages. It discusses different types of inks, the Methods of their detection and their use in different times and geographical areas. Leiden Brill 2021 Traces of Ink 70 78 urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-528057 10.1163/9789004444805_006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.de 2021-06-14