Dokument-ID Dokumenttyp Autoren/innen Persönliche Herausgeber/innen Haupttitel Abstract Auflage Verlagsort Verlag Herausgeber (Institution) Erscheinungsjahr Titel des übergeordneten Werkes Jahrgang/Band ISBN Veranstaltung Veranstaltungsort Beginndatum der Veranstaltung Enddatum der Veranstaltung Ausgabe/Heft Erste Seite Letzte Seite URN DOI Lizenz Datum der Freischaltung OPUS4-55145 Vortrag Sichler, Theresa European Sewage Sludge Ash Monitoring For the European sewage sludge ash monitoring ash samples from sewage sludge incineration plants were requested from all over Europe. First results of the received samples regarding main and trace element contents were presented at ESPC4. Moreover, a list of all known European facilities for sewage sludge monoincineration was presented. 2022 European Sustainable Phosphorus Conference 4 Vienna, Austria 20.06.2022 22.06.2022 2022-06-29 OPUS4-54727 Vortrag Herzel, Hannes Thermochemical P recycling from ash by AshDec ® process Klärschlammaschen können eine hohe Phosphatkonzentration aufweisen und stellen damit einen geeigneten Sekundärrohstoff für die Produktion von Phosphatdüngemitteln dar. Bisher wird dieses Potential der Klärschlammaschen für die Phosphor-Rückgewinnung jedoch kaum genutzt, da die in den Aschen enthaltenen Phosphate für Pflanzen kaum verfügbar und die Aschen teilweise mit toxischen Schwermetallen belastet sind. Im AshDec®-Verfahren wird die Klärschlammaschen im Drehrohrofen im Temperaturbereich 800-1000°C unter Zugabe von Alkali-Additiven (bsp. Na2CO3) thermochemisch behandelt, um ein wirksames und schadstoffarmes Phosphatdüngemittel herzustellen. Aktuell bereitet die Firma Emter GmbH den Bau der ersten großtechnischen AshDec®-Anlage mit einer Kapazität von 30.000 Jahrestonnen Klärschlammasche am Standort ihrer Klärschlammverbrennungsanlage (Altenstadt / Oberbayern) vor. Die erste Ausbaustufe dieser Anlage wird durch das BMBF-Projekt R-Rhenania im Rahmen der Förderinitiative RePhoR begleitet. 2022 Wastewater, Water and Resource Recovery (Workshop) Online meeting 11.04.2022 11.04.2022 2022-05-02 OPUS4-54186 Zeitschriftenartikel Sichler, Theresa Constanze; Adam, Christian; Montag, D.; Barjenbruch, M. Future nutrient recovery from sewage sludge regarding three different scenarios - German case study Agricultural sewage sludge utilization becomes less important in Germany. In 2017, new fertilizer and waste laws caused the agricultural sewage sludge utilization to collapse by more than a quarter. From 2029, German wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) must recover phosphorus (P) from sewage sludge if it contains more than 2 wt % P. Agricultural utilization will be prohibited for large WWTPs >100,000 population equivalents (pe) from 2029 and >50,000 pe from 2032. In Germany, each federal state must annually report amounts and quality of agriculturally utilized sewage sludge which was 16% of the total disposal in 2019. The reports of 10 states were evaluated for 2016 and 2017 representing approx. 60% of the total agriculturally used sludge volume. In 2016, 60% of the WWTPs' sludges exceeded the recovery limit of 2 wt % P which is 70% of the amount of sludge and 85% of the phosphorus load. Other nutrients are not affected by the recovery obligation. However, many P recovery processes recover other nutrients, too. Considering three different scenarios for future German sewage sludge disposal shows that 70-77% of the P load in sewage sludge will probably be recovered in the future. At the same time, this applies for about 0-16% nitrogen, 36-52% of calcium, 31-53% of potassium, and 40-52% of magnesium. However, these recovered nutrients loads can substitute only 1% or less of the commercial fertilizer demand except from phosphorus which is up to 43% of the demand. Amsterdam Elsevier Ltd. 2022 Journal of Cleaner Production 333 1 10 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.130130 2022-01-05 OPUS4-53627 Zeitschriftenartikel Herzel, Hannes; Aydin, Zeynep; Adam, Christian Crystalline phase analysis and phosphorus availability after thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge ash with sodium and potassium sulfates for fertilizer production Phosphorus rich sewage sludge ash is a promising source to produce phosphorus recycling fertilizer. However, the low plant availability of phosphorus in these ashes makes a treatment necessary. A thermochemical treatment (800-1000 °C) with alkali additives transforms poorly plant available phosphorus phases to highly plant available calcium alkali Phosphates (Ca,Mg)(Na,K)PO4. In this study, we investigate the use of K2SO4 as additive to produce a phosphorus potassium fertilizer in laboratory-scale experiments (crucible). Pure K2SO4 is not suitable as high reaction temperatures are required due to the high melting point of K2SO4. To overcome this barrier, we carried out series of experiments with mixtures of K2SO4 and Na2SO4 resulting in a lower economically feasible reaction temperature (900-1000 °C). In this way, the produced phosphorus potassium fertilizers (8.4 wt.% K, 7.6 wt.% P) was highly plant available for phosphorus indicated by complete extractable phosphorus in neutral ammonium citrate solution. The added potassium is, in contrast to sodium, preferably incorporated into silicates instead of phosphorus phases. Thus, the highly extractable phase (Ca,Mg)(Na,K)PO4 in the thermochemical products contain less potassium than expected. This preferred incorporation is confirmed by a pilot-scale trial (rotary kiln) and thermodynamic calculation. Springer 2021 Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 23 2242 2254 urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-536276 10.1007/s10163-021-01288-3 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de 2021-10-27 OPUS4-52251 Vortrag Adam, Christian Cloop - Closing the global nutrient loop Recycled fertilizers produced using processes for the recovery of phosphate from residual materials such as wastewater, sewage sludge and sewage sludge ashes show very good bioavailability, but it is still a product largely unknown to the market. The aim of CLOOP is therefore to document the properties and effects of such fertilizers through chemical, mineralogical and ecological analyses as well as analytical method development and pot and field plant growth trials. Outotec focused on 3 points in CLOOP: Experimental campaigns, process simulations as well as economic analyses with focus on the AshDec process, respectively the design of a large-scale AshDec plant for phosphorus recovery. The laboratory scale trials as well as the semi-industrial scale campaign provided valuable insights into the operating parameters of the process and the plant. As a result, for example, the temperature range could be significantly lowered, and the additive addition reduced by approx. 20 %. They have further shown that the AshDec process is not susceptible to operating fluctuations and that the product can be consistently produced at high quality. With the selection of suitable operating parameters, heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd, (Zn)) can be removed. Within the campaign, about 1.5 t of fertilizer for the plant trials in CLOOP could be produced. An AshDec plant process was digitally created in simulation software, allowing valuable process parameters to be simulated at various operating parameters. On this basis, a full-scale plant was designed. The data obtained in the project were used for a detailed economic analysis including a sensitivity analysis. It was possible to show under which conditions this plant can be operated economically. At BAM, the AshDec fertilizer was synthesized with different additives and then applied to plant experiments at Uni Bonn. The goal hereby was to check differences in plant uptake. Because of the promising results of AshDec synthesized with sodium-carbonate and because this AshDec version does not require special off gas treatment for sulfur recovery (compared to AshDec synthesized with sodium-sulfate), all project partners agreed on continuing working with this AshDec variation. It was then used as a raw P-source for formulating it into NPK-fertilizers, by granulation with ammonium-sulfate and straw ash as potassium source. These recycling fertilizers were applied to plant- and field experiments by project partners in Brazil (University of Sao Paulo) and Australia (University of Queensland). Furthermore, in leaching experiments, the solubility of phosphorus in AshDec was compared to triple super phosphate. The experiments were carried out on soils with a varying phosphorus buffering index. Results show, that the phosphorus form in AshDec is way less soluble in water. This indicates that AshDec has the potential for a so-called next generation fertilizer - a fertilizer which's nutrients remain in the soil and supply the plant according to its needs. At the moment, this behavior gets examined more in depth in lysimeter experiments in cooperation with University of Technology Berlin. The focus of KWB is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of different NextGen fertilizers to evaluate the entire process chain from recovery to fertilizer application. The NextGen fertilizer is credited by the amount of plant available nutrients in the product, which replace nutrients from conventional fertilizer. The LCA covers N-struvite precipitation from municipal wastewater, K-struvite precipitation from industrial wastewater and the AshDec-product from sewage sludge. The LCA task is almost complete. It could be shown that struvite precipitation has comprehensive environmental benefits, mainly since positive side effects occur in sewage sludge treatment (e.g. reduced sludge volume). In principle, the energetic and ecological profile of the AshDec process compared to direct use of sewage sludge ash cannot be assessed as being generally beneficial or negative. Regarding the global warming potential, the Ashdec process shows that the expenses (e.g. energy, chemicals) cannot be covered by the P fertilizer credit. In contrast, the impact categories "terrestrial acidification potential", and "freshwater eutrophication potential" show positive results as the credits for conventional fertilizer are higher than the burdens for the process. At University Bonn, the standardized pot experiments were conducted with several AshDec variations, using ryegrass, soybean, and spinach on a slightly acidic sandy soil and an organic-free standard substrate. P-uptake and biomass production of different AshDec variations were generally like those of triple super phosphate and struvite, and clearly outperformed untreated sewage sludge ash and rock phosphate. Field trials in Australia and Brazil with sugarcane on acidic soils are still ongoing and results are expected by the end of 2021. 2021 PLANT 2030 Status Seminar 2021 (BMBF) Online meeting 10.03.2021 11.03.2021 2021-03-11 OPUS4-55749 Zeitschriftenartikel Sichler, Theresa Constanze; Adam, Christian; Barjenbruch, M.; Montag, D.; Mauch, Tatjana; Sommerfeld, Thomas; Ehm, J.H. Variation of the element composition of municipal sewage sludges in the context of new regulations on phosphorus recovery in Germany Phosphorus (P) recovery is obligatory for all sewage sludges with more than 20 g P/kg dry matter (DM) from 2029 in Germany. Nine wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were chosen to investigate variations of phosphorus contents and other parameters in sewage sludge over the year. Monthly sewage sludge samples from each WWTP were analyzed for phosphorus and other matrix elements (C, N, H, Ca, Fe, Al, etc.), for several trace elements (As, Cr, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn) and loss of ignition. Among the nine WWTPs, there are four which have phosphorus contents both above and below the recovery limit of 20 g/kg DM along the year. Considering the average phosphorus content over the year, only one of them is below the limit. Compared to other matrix elements and parameters, phosphorus fuctuations are low with an average of 7% over all nine WWTPs. In total, only hydrogen and carbon are more constant in the sludge. In several WWTPs with chemical phosphorus elimination, phosphorus fuctuations showed similar courses like iron and/or aluminum. WWTPs with chamber flter presses rather showed dilution efects of calcium dosage. As result of this study, monthly phosphorus measurement is highly recommended to determine whether a WWTP is below the 20 g/kg DM limit. Berlin Springer Nature 2022 Environmental Sciences Europe 34 1 1 12 urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-557499 10.1186/s12302-022-00658-4 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de 2022-09-19 OPUS4-50477 Zeitschriftenartikel Vogel, Christian; Sekine, R.; Huang, J.; Steckenmesser, D.; Steffens, D.; Huthwelker, T.; Borca, C.; Pradas del Real, A.; Castillo-Michel, H.; Adam, Christian Effects of a nitrification inhibitor on nitrogen species in the soil and the yield and phosphorus uptake of maize Phosphorus (P) resource availability is declining and the efficiency of applied nutrients in agricultural soils is becoming increasingly important. This is especially true for P fertilizers from recycled materials, which often have low plant availability. Specific co-fertilization with ammoniumcan enhance P plant availability in soils amended with these P fertilizers, and thus the yield of plants. To investigate this effect, we performed a pot experiment with maize in slightly acidic soil (pH 6.9) with one water-soluble (triple superphosphate [TSP]) and two water-insoluble (sewage sludge-based and hyperphosphate [Hyp]) P fertilizers and anammoniumsulfate nitrate with or without a nitrification inhibitor (NI). The dry matter yield of maize was significantly increased by the NI with the Hyp (from 14.7 to 21.5 g/pot) and TSP (from 40.0 to 45.4 g/pot) treatments. Furthermore, P uptake was slightly increased in all three P treatments with the NI, but not significantly. Olsen-P extraction and P K-edge micro-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy showed that apatite-P of the water insoluble P fertilizers mobilized during the plant growth period. In addition, novel nitrogen (N) K-edge micro-XANES spectroscopy and the Mogilevkina method showed that the application of an NI increased the fixation of ammonium in detectable hot spots in the soil. Thus, the delay in the nitrification process by the NI and the possible slow-release of temporarily fixed ammoniumin the soil resulted in a high amount of plant available Ammonium in the soil solution. This development probably decreases the rhizosphere pH due to release of H+ by plants during ammoniumuptake, whichmobilizes phosphorus in the amended soil and increases the dry matter yield of maize. This is especially important for water-insoluble apatite-based P fertilizers (conventional and recycled), which tend to have poor plant availability. Amsterdam Elsevier 2020 Science of the total environment 715 1 8 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136895 2020-03-02 OPUS4-50441 Zeitschriftenartikel Smol, M.; Adam, Christian; Preisner, M. Circular economy model framework in the European water and wastewater sector One of the key elements in the transformation towards a circular economy (CE) is providing more sustainable practices for resources and waste management. Improvement actions focused on transformation towards a CE should be targeted at all groups of materials and waste. As water is essential for human survival and well-being and plays a significant role in sustainable development (SD), the actions related to the reuse of water and the recovery of raw materials from wastewater and other water-based waste should be taken. The paper presents a proposition for a new CE model framework in the water and wastewater sector, which includes the six following actions: reduction—prevent wastewater generation in the first place by the reduction of water usage and pollution reduction at source; reclamation (removal)—an application of effective Technologies for the removal of pollutants from water and wastewater; reuse—reuse of wastewater as an alternative source of water supply (non-potable usage), recycling—recovery of water from wastewater for potable usage; recovery—recovery of resources such as nutrients and energy from water-based waste, and rethink—rethinking how to use resources to create a sustainable economy, which is `free` of waste and emissions. The novelty of the proposed CE model framework is that it presents possible ways of implementing CE principles in the water and wastewater sector, with a strong emphasis not only technological but also organisational and societal changes. Application of the proposed model may help to further transform the European economy to the CE model. Moreover, the indicated model can be significant tool supporting an assessment of local or regional progress towards CE in the water and wastewater sector and further environmental management and planning. Springer 2020 Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 1 16 10.1007/s10163-019-00960-z 2020-02-24 OPUS4-48614 Posterpräsentation Smol, M. Towards circular economy for phosphorus in Poland In the transition to the Circular Economy (CE) model, where the added value of products is kept as long as possible and waste is eliminated, the sustainable management of raw materials plays a key role. In above CE model, especial attention is paid to CRMs which are economically and strategically important for the European economy, but have a high-risk associated with their supply. One of the most important element which can not be replaced and is an essential element for human nutrition, yet limited resource is phosphorus (P). An importance of issues related to sustainable P management results from EU legislation, which indicated P as a Critical Raw Material (CRM). The sustainable management of P-resources is especially important for the Baltic region. A consequence of waterborne loads passing into the sea, mainly as wastewater with a high P content is the eutrophication of the Baltic Sea environment. Due to the largest inputs of P (37%) into the Baltic Sea originate from Poland, the development of sustainable solutions aimed at more rational P management for this country is externally important. 2019 International Phosphorus Workshop 9 Zurich, Switzerland 08.07.2019 12.07.2019 2019-08-05 OPUS4-48616 Posterpräsentation Smol, M. Possibility of recovering phosphorus from sewage sludge ash (SSA) in Poland Due to the vital importance of phosphorus (P) and its increasing scarcity as a natural resource, phosphorus recovery has recently gained significant scientific and technical interest. An interesting sources of phosphorus are sewage sludge (SS) and sewage sludge ash (SSA) due to the major part of the phosphate from P rich wastewater is transferred to the sludge (approx. 90%). Despite the fact that the raw materials base is large (PURE report indicates that in 2020 the amount of sewage sludge generated in Poland will reach 180% of the dry matter of sewage sludge produced in 2010), at present recycling of phosphorus is not a commonly used practice in Poland. 2019 International Phosphorus Workshop 9 Zurich, Switzerland 08.07.2019 12.07.2019 2019-08-05 OPUS4-49590 Vortrag Adam, Christian Phosphorus recovery from waste water, sewage sludge and sewage sludge ashes A lecture was given about the technical possibilities of phosphorus recovery from waste water, sewage sludge and sewage sludge ashes. The specific situation of Europe and Germany was explained in the context of raw materials dependencies and the legal framework. 2019 Lecture at University of Sao Paulo, Brasil Berlin, Germany and Sao Paulo, Brasil 11.11.2019 11.11.2019 2019-11-20 OPUS4-47110 Vortrag Adam, Christian Phosphorus recovery from wastewater - Developments and perspective in Germany A new sewage sludge ordinance was set in force in Germany in 2017 that makes phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge mandatory. The technological possibilities for P-recovery from waste water, sewage sludge and sewage sludge ash were presented. 2018 International Workshop Nutrient Stewardship & Next-Generation Fertilisers Heron Island, Australia 15.12.2018 19.12.2018 2018-12-21 OPUS4-46764 Vortrag Vogel, Christian Phosphorus recovery from waste streams for fertilizer production Phosphorus (P) plays an essential role in the global food security. However, the global P reservoirs have a statistic lifetime of about 385 years only. Due to the scarcity of P and the increasing world population an efficient and sustainable recycling management is required. A few biogenic waste materials are high in P contents such as sewage sludge and meat and bone meal. Thus, they are suitable for P recycling and fertilizer production. But besides the high P content sewage sludge is often highly contaminated with organic pollutants and toxic heavy metals which have to be eliminated before agricultural field application. In this presentation we show the potential of sewage sludge as secondary resource for fertilizers. This includes our developments in thermochemical processes for the production of novel P-fertilizers from recycled materials. Furthermore, for these novel P-fertilizers common extraction tests to determine the plant-available P are often unusable. Therefore, we successfully applied the Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) techniques to analyse the plant-availability of P-fertilizers from recycled materials. 2018 Eingeladener Vortrag an der University of South Australia Mawson Lakes, Australia 22.11.2018 2018-11-29 OPUS4-46942 Vortrag Adam, Christian P-recovery technologies - developments and perspective in germany Technologies for P-recovery from wastewater, sewage sludge and sewage sludge ashes were presented and discussed. 2018 InPhos Workshop II Sustainable Phosphorus Management Berlin, Germany 05.12.2018 06.12.2018 2018-12-10