Dokument-ID Dokumenttyp Autoren/innen Persönliche Herausgeber/innen Haupttitel Abstract Auflage Verlagsort Verlag Herausgeber (Institution) Erscheinungsjahr Titel des übergeordneten Werkes Jahrgang/Band ISBN Veranstaltung Veranstaltungsort Beginndatum der Veranstaltung Enddatum der Veranstaltung Ausgabe/Heft Erste Seite Letzte Seite URN DOI Lizenz Datum der Freischaltung OPUS4-49667 Buchkapitel Zorn, Sabine; Bosch, S.; Hahn, Oliver Klemm, D.; Stolzenburg, A. Materialtechnologische Untersuchungen an vier Zeichnungen Leonardo da Vincis aus dem Kupferstichkabinett Das Kupferstichkabinett der Hamburger Kunsthalle besitzt seit seiner Gründung vier Zeichnungen von Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519). Sie sind Teil eines umfangreichen Legats des Hamburger Kunsthändlers Georg Ernst Harzen, das der Stadt Hamburg für die 1869 eröffnete Kunsthalle als Besitz übereignet wurde. Die Zeichnungen gelten aufgrund ihrer Provenienzen und stilistischen Verankerung im Werk Leonardos als gesichert. Weiterführende materialtechnologische Untersuchungen wurden nun erstmals anlässlich der Ausstellung »Leonardo da Vinci - Die Zeichnungen im Hamburger Kupferstichkabinett« durchgeführt. Köthen Druckhaus Köthen Hamburger Kunsthalle 2019 Leonardo da Vinci in der Hamburger Kunsthalle 978-3-938002-56-8 128 135 2019-11-25 OPUS4-44937 Buchkapitel Wünsch, Christoph; Simon, Franz-Georg Maletz, Roman; Dornack, Christina; Ziyang, Lou The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions through the source-separated collection of household waste in Germany The production of secondary materials from waste materials requires, in most cases, significantly lower energy amounts than the primary material production of raw materials. Along with lower energy demand, the greenhouse gas emissions produced are also lower. The duty of a modern waste management system should therefore be to collect and sort the waste materials in a way that the highest amounts of single material fractions with the highest qualities can be generated. In this contribution, the greenhouse gas balances of the theoretical treatment of the household waste, if collected as mixed waste in sanitary landfills, in waste incineration plants, or in mechanical-biological treatment plants, are compared to the existing separate waste collection and treatment in Germany in 2014. The results show that the treatment of the mixed collected household waste in sanitary landfills would lead to a significant release of greenhouse gases. The treatment in MBTs with the recovery of valuables and the further disposal of the biologically stabilized fraction on landfills, as well as the treatment of the high calorific fraction (also called refuse derived fuel - RDF) in RDF plants, coal-fired power plants, or cement kilns, would lead to small amounts of avoided greenhouse gas emissions. The thermal treatment in waste incineration plants would lead to moderate amounts of avoided greenhouse gases. Only with the actually practiced separate collection and treatment of household waste were significant amounts of greenhouse gas emissions avoided. In total, this is approximately 5.5 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalents for approximately 45.5 million tons of separate collected and treated household waste in Germany in 2014. 1 Berlin Springer International Publishing 2018 Source Separation and Recycling - Implementation and Benefits for a Circular Economy 63 978-3-319-69071-1 269 287 10.1007/698_2017_35 2018-05-18 OPUS4-56290 Buchkapitel Vogel, Christian; Roesch, Philipp; Wittwer, Philipp; Simon, Franz-Georg Holm, O.; Thomé-Kozmiensky, E.; Quicker, P.; Kopp-Assenmacher, S. Per- und polyfluorierte Alkylsubstanzen (PFAS) im Klärschlamm Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of more than 4700 anionic and cationic anthrophonic substances which have been used extensively in a variety of products and industries due to their inert chemical stability and resistance to degradation by heat or acids. As a result of continuous use, mainly in aviation firefighting foams, thousands of industrial and military installations have been found to contain contaminated soil and groundwater resources. However, because of the continuous use of fluorinated consumer products, also effluents and sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been shown to be an important source of PFAS contamination into the aquatic environment. Resulting from recent stricter regulations and restrictions in the last years on the use of long chain (≥C8) PFAS, there is a significant shift in the chemical industry towards production of short (C4-C7) and ultrashort (C1-C3) chain alternatives. With the amendment of the Sewage Sludge Ordinance in 2017 the German legislation banned sewage sludge application on agricultural land, and by 2029/2032 sewage sludge will be completely prohibited from agricultural application. While environmental exposure of organic pollutants like PFAS, pesticides and pharmaceuticals are no longer desirable, phosphorus (P) from sewage sludge must still be used to produce high-quality P-fertilizers for a circular economy. Currently, plant-available P-fertilizers from sewage sludge/wastewater can be produced using a variety of treatment approaches including precipitation, leaching, and thermal treatment. However, the fate of legacy and emerging PFAS compounds during P leaching, precipitation and treatment from sewage sludge and wastewater is for the most parts still unknown. Neuruppin Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH 2022 Verwertung von Klärschlamm 5 978-3-944310-65-7 270 279 2022-11-16 OPUS4-46146 Buchkapitel Syc, M.; Simon, Franz-Georg; Biganzoli, L.; Grosso, M.; Hyks, J. Holm, O.; Thome-Kozmiensky, E. Resource recovery from incineration bottom ash: Basics, concepts, principles Waste-to-energy (WtE) is one of the leading technologies for municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment in Europe. According to Eurostat data, in 2015, 27 % of MSW was utilized in WtE plants, which represents more than 80 million tons per year. Therefore, the European annual production of incineration bottom ash (IBA) is about 20 million tons, as it is about 25 wt% of input MSW. In the European List of Waste, IBA is listed as mirror entry (i.e. waste materials which should be classified as either non-hazardous or hazardous, depending on its hazardous properties and/or content of hazardous substances) under codes 19 01 11 and 19 01 12. Recent trends indicate that WtE allows, apart from utilization of the energy content of waste, also the recovery of various valuable components. Hence, WtE can be included in the key technologies that can put the circular economy concept into practice. Secondary raw materials in the case of WtE are solid residues, especially IBA, as it is a secondary source, particularly of ferrous metals (Fe) and non-ferrous metals (NF) and glass. Moreover, the residual mineral fraction can be used for various applications in the construction industry, i.e. as aggregates substitute for bound or unbound applications, in cement manufacturing or, as indicated by recent research, also in more sophisticated applications, e.g. for ceramics production. Recovery of these metals can also cause huge greenhouse gas savings. Alone in Europe, metal recovery from IBA reduces greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 3.2 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. 1 Neuruppin Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH 2018 Removal, Treatment and Utilisation of Waste Incineration Bottom Ash 1 978-3-944310-44-2 1 10 2018-10-05 OPUS4-48476 Buchkapitel Skrotzki, Birgit; Simon, Franz-Georg; Czichos, Horst Hennecke, Manfred; Skrotzki, Birgit Grundlagen der Werkstoffkunde Der Aufbau der Werkstoffe wird durch Merkmale wie Bindungsart, atomare Strukturen, Kristallstrukturen einschließlich ihrer Gitterbaufehler, Körner und Phasen bestimmt. Die Mikrostruktur (Gefüge) stellt den Verbund der Kristalle, Phasen und Gitterbaufehler auf mikroskopischer und nanoskopischer Skala dar. Die Grundlagen der Phasenumwandlungen werden behandelt und die Bedeutung von Diffusionsprozessen erläutert. Werkstoffe sind bedeutend für Kultur, Wirtschaft, Technik und Umwelt. Ihre Herstellung benötigt Ressourcen und Energie. Recycling ist eine Möglichkeit zur Erhöhung der Ressourcenproduktivität. 35. Berlin, Heidelberg Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland 2019 HÜTTE – Das Ingenieurwissen 978-3-662-57492-8 1 31 10.1007/978-3-662-57492-8_27-1 2019-07-16 OPUS4-49715 Buchkapitel Simon, Franz-Georg; Quicker, P. Elvers, B. Waste, Evaluation Methods It is difficult to decide which waste management system fulfills best predefined sustainability goals such as maximum materials and energy recovery, least environmental impact, and lowest societal cost. Such decisions are based on many parameters. However, several evaluation methods exist with different scope and output, and the application of one or more evaluation methods provides an objective comparison of alternatives. 1. Weinheim Wiley-VCH Verlag 2019 Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 978-3-52730-673-2 1 10 10.1002/14356007.o28_o02.pub2 2019-11-27 OPUS4-48816 Buchkapitel Simon, Franz-Georg; Meggyes, Tamas Meyers, Robert A. Sustainable remediation methods for metals and radionuclides Since it was realized that sites contaminated with metals and radionuclides needed treatment, various remediation methods have been and are being developed. Depending on the size of the contaminated site and urgency of intervention, conventional or recently introduced techniques have been used. Conventional techniques include excavation and removal for treatment of soil and contaminants, or the so-called "pump-and-treat" method, in which contaminated groundwater is removed from the ground by pumping and treated in a treatment plant on the surface. It has the advantage of using proven techniques and is easy to control, and the treated groundwater can be reinjected into the ground or discharged in rivers or lakes. Novel methods include permeable reactive barriers, biomineralization, and electrokinetic remediation. 1 Heidelberg Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2019 Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology 978-1-4939-2493-6 1 37 10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_63-3 2019-09-02 OPUS4-58018 Buchkapitel Simon, Franz-Georg; Meggyes, Tamas Zhang, H. X. Sustainable Remediation Methods for Metals and Radionuclides Sustainability has become the conscientious and future-oriented principle of modern resource management and environmental protection because caring for the future is tantamount to providing manageable and healthy surroundings for ourselves. For the foreseeable future, geotechnical and environmental engineers must therefore be concerned with ensuring a healthy balance between extraction, processing, manufacturing, utilization, recycling, and disposal of materials and products. 1 Berlin, Heidelberg Springer Science+Business Media 2023 Water Sustainability 978-1-0716-2465-4 251 284 10.1007/978-1-0716-2466-1_63 2023-08-03 OPUS4-47989 Buchkapitel Simon, Franz-Georg; Holm, Olaf; Kalbe, Ute Thiel, S.; Thome-Kozmiensky, E.; Pretz, T.; Senk, D. G.; Wotruba, H. Antimon in Rostaschen aus der Müllverbrennung - Auslaugverhalten und Rückschlüsse für die Aufbereitung Antimon (Sb) wird industriell vorwiegend als Flammschutzmittel in Kunststoffen verwendet. Am Ende des Lebenszyklus landet etwa die Hälfte des produzierten Sb, vorwiegend über entsprechend dotierte Kunststoffe, in Haus- und vor allem Industrieabfällen und in der Folge auch in relevanten Mengen in Rostaschen aus der Verbrennung dieser Abfälle. Zwar werden in den Produkten Sb-Verbindungen in der Oxidationsstufe 3 eingesetzt, in den Aschen liegt Sb jedoch wegen der leichten Oxidierbarkeit überwiegend in der Oxidationsstufe 5 als Oxyanion vor (Sb(OH)6- oder Sb2O74-). Die Freisetzung beim Kontakt mit Wasser ist zunächst gering, weil die Antimonate schwerlösliche Verbindungen mit Ca2+ bilden. Durch die Carbonatisierung der Aschen während der vorgeschalteten Lagerung sinkt der pH-Wert im Eluat. Die Konzentration von Ca im Eluat nimmt mit fortschreitender Elutionsdauer ab, wodurch sich das Lösungsgleichgewicht verschiebt und Antimonate gelöst werden können. Dieses Verhalten wird durch einen Langzeitversuch mit Lysimetern bestätigt. Experimentelle Daten aus unterschiedlichen Elutionstests wurden mit dem Solver-Modul in MS Excel gefittet. Daraus ergibt sich Ca(Sb(OH)6)2xCa0.78(OH)1.56 als mögliche Verbindung für in Rostaschen enthaltenes Ca-Antimonat. Laut Entwurf der MantelVO ist für Sb in Rostaschen eine Regulierung vorgesehen. Die darin vorgesehenen Grenzwerte könnten ein Problem für Rostaschen darstellen und gefährden die Verwertung der mineralischen Fraktion. In den meisten Bundesländern geschieht der Vollzug derzeit nach dem LAGA Merkblatt M20. Die darin festgelegten Parameter zur Bewertung berücksichtigen im Prinzip nur eine Richtung, bei der sich die Materialeigenschaften im Zuge der Alterung von Rostaschen verbessern. Dieser Zusammenhang ist bei Sb nicht gegeben, was bei der Beurteilung des Gefahrenpotentials aber Berücksichtigung finden sollte. Das entgegengesetzte Verhalten von Sb stellt Aufbereiter und Verwerter möglicherweise vor Probleme. Die Einführung einer Ersatzbaustoffverordnung im Rahmen der MantelVO soll bundeseinheitliche Rechtssicherheit bei der Verwertung von mineralischen Recyclingmaterialien schaffen. Damit würde dann auch eine Grundlage für Investitionen in verbesserte Aufbereitungsverfahren geschaffen werden. Da im Hinblick auf Sb aus dargestellten Zusammenhängen jedoch eher das Gegenteil zu befürchten ist, besteht Forschungsbedarf, um dieses Problem zu lösen. 1 Nietwerder TK-Verlag 2019 Mineralische Nebenproduckte und Abfälle 6, Aschen, Schlacken und Baurestmassen 6 978-3-944310-47-3 148 164 2019-05-20 OPUS4-56724 Buchkapitel Schumacher, Julia Scott, B.; Mesarich, C. Role of light in the life cycle of Botrytis cinerea The fungus Botrytis cinerea (Botryotinia fuckeliana) infects more than 500 plant species and causes a wide range of symptoms: soft rots, accompanied by collapse and water-soaking of tissues followed by the appearance of gray masses of conidia on leaves and soft fruits (gray mold), and spots that may turn brown to full-scale soft rotting on flower petals (Botrytis blight). In general, B. cinerea is responsible for severe economic losses that are either due to the damage of growing plants in the field or the rot of harvested fruits, flowers, and vegetables during storage under cold and humid conditions. B. cinerea has adapted to the plant host and its environment by evolving strategies to use plant tissues for proliferation in terms of a necrotrophic lifestyle, and to survive biotic stresses (host responses) as well as abiotic factors of the host's environment such as sunlight and concomitant stresses. B. cinerea maintains a complex regulatory network of light-sensitive proteins and signal transduction pathways to use light for coordinating stress responses, virulence, and reproduction. Different light-controlled reproduction cycles enable B. cinerea to live in moderate climate zones by infecting and propagating in summer and resting in winter when green host tissues are unavailable. Springer, Cham 2023 Plant Relationships. The Mycota 5 329 346 10.1007/978-3-031-16503-0_14 2022-12-28 OPUS4-58910 Buchkapitel Rimon, Hasia; Rabin, Ira Fuller, R.E.; Lange, A. Conservation of the Dead Sea Scrolls The current state of preservation of the DSS results from the synergetic effect of various factors such as great age, post-discovery treatments, poor storage conditions, environmental influences and exhibitions. With rare exceptions, neither the initial state nor a list of the treatments performed on each DSS fragment is known. Reconstruction of the individual fragment history will have to rely upon advanced analytical techniques to identify the treatments and their effects. Management of the scrolls may be divided roughly into three periods: a) the scholarly archiving period, from 1948 to the mid-1960s; b) first attempts at conservation, from the mid-1960s to late-1980s; c) Israel Antiquities Authority Scrolls Lab, from 1991 onwards. Leiden / Boston Brill 2023 Textual History of the Bible. 3D 102 105 2023-11-27 OPUS4-51720 Buchkapitel Rabin, Ira; Hahn, Oliver Michel, C.; Friedrich, M. Detection of Fakes: The Merits and Limits of Non-Invasive Materials Analysis This paper addresses the sensitive issue of authenticating unprovenanced manuscripts of high monetary value to certify they are genuine. Over the last decade, the popularity of material studies of manuscripts using non-destructive testing (NDT) has increased enormously. These studies are held in especially high esteem in the case of suspicious writings due to the methodological rigour they are reputed to contribute to debate. We would like to stress that materials analysis alone cannot prove that an object is genuine. Unfortunately, audiences with a humanities background often tend to disregard the technical details and treat any published interpretation of instrumental analysis as an objective finding. Four examples are outlined here to illustrate what questionable contributions the natural sciences can make in describing manuscripts that have actually been forged. Berlin/Boston Walter de Gruyter GmbH 2020 Studies in Manuscript Cultures 20 978-3-11-071422-7 281 290 urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-517202 10.1515/9783110714333 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de 2020-12-03 OPUS4-58914 Buchkapitel Rabin, Ira; Caldararo, N.; Rimon, H. Russel, R.E.; Lange, A. The Role of DNA Analysis in the Study of the Biblical Manuscripts Interest in the type of skin used in scriptural materials and preparation methods increased from the nineteenth into the twentieth century. This was due partly to the number of newly discovered fragments and to the invention of new instruments and scientific procedures to identify animal skins and produce qualitative means to demonstrate specific preparation reagents and techniques. The invention of various means of analyzing the DNA of organic materials brought about a revolution in archaeology and in conservation. Difficulties in overcoming contamination of archaeological samples resulted in a number of controversies but also produced advances and improvement in the techniques of ancient DNA analysis and interpretation of results. Leiden / Boston Brill 2023 Textual History of the Bible 3D 120 123 2023-11-27 OPUS4-58912 Buchkapitel Rabin, Ira Russel, R.E.; Lange, A. Non-invasive Analytic Tools in Studies of Manuscripts Physico-chemical analyses of writing materials offer insight into various questions associated with historical, cultural, and conservational aspects of manuscript studies. The catalogue of questions that can be addressed with these methods includes authenticity, dating, the attribution of various parts of the text to different scribes and the relation between the primary and secondary texts. Similarly, preservation of the manuscripts requires knowledge of the composition of the original materials versus old repairs, identification of damage, as well as recognition of natural aging and degradation processes. The material sciences can contribute data about the chemical compositions of the writing materials, elucidation of the techniques of their production and the absolute age of organic components, as well as characterization of corrosion effects, evaluation of conservation treatment, and monitoring of the preservation state. Leiden / Boston Brill 2023 Textual History of the Bible 3D 114 116 2023-11-27 OPUS4-58913 Buchkapitel Rabin, Ira Russel, R.E.; Lange, A. Ancient Inks In the last decade scientists and scholars have accumulated more knowledge on black ink used for writing in Antiquity and the early Middle Ages. Ready availability of non-destructive testing instruments employed in interdisciplinary projects on historic manuscripts have made it possible to determine the composition of ink and to compare it with the extant records. Leiden / Boston Brill 2023 Textual History of the Bible 3D 117 120 2023-11-27 OPUS4-46324 Buchkapitel McMahon, Dino Peter; Wilfert, L.; Paxton, R.J.; Brown, M.J.F. Emerging viruses in bees: From molecules to ecology Emerging infectious diseases arise as a result of novel interactions between populations of hosts and pathogens, and can threaten the health and wellbeing of the entire spectrum of biodiversity. Bees andtheir viruses area case in point. However, detailed knowledge of the ecological factors and evolutionary forces that drive disease emergence in bees and other host-pathogen communities is surprisingly lacking. In this review, we build on the fundamental insight that viruses evolve and adapt over timescales that overlap with host ecology. At the same time, we integrate the role of host community ecology, including community structure and composition, biodiversity loss, and human driven disturbance, all of which represent significant factors in bee virus ecology. Both of these evolutionary and ecological perspectives represent major advances but, in most cases, it remains unclear how evolutionary forces actually operate across different biological scales (e.g., from cell to ecosystem). We present a molecule-to-ecology framework to help address these issues, emphasizing the role of molecular mechanisms as keybottom-up drivers of change at higher ecological scales. We consider the bee-virus system to be an ideal one in which to apply this framework. Unlike many other animal models, bees constitute a well characterized and accessible multispecies assemblage, whose populations and interspecific interactions can be experimentally manipulated and monitored in high resolution across space and time to provide robust tests of prevailing theory. 2018 Advances in Virus Research 101 251 291 10.1016/bs.aivir.2018.02.008 2018-10-19 OPUS4-46618 Buchkapitel Lübben, S.; Enzner, V.; Holm, Olaf Thiel, S.; Thome-Kozmiensky, E.; Friedrich, B.; Pretz, T.; Quicker, P.; Senk, D. G.; Wotruba, H. Aufbereitung von Teilströmen der Abfallverbrennungsasche zu hochwertigen Zuschlagstoffen und deren Einsatz als Recyclingprodukte in der Baustoffindustrie In the framework of the project OPTIMIN a fractionation of BA in different grain size distributions with an integrated washing step has been carried out. Due to further treatment and measurements of the resulting three fractions 0-0.2 mm, 0.2-2 mm and 2-25 mm, the possible application in asphalt, concrete or cement has been investigated. One option could be the use of fresh BA which has been treated prior to the ageing processes. The preliminary results show the shifting of pollutants to the fine fraction but also components responsible for the ageing processes. Parts of the fine fraction hold the limit values for the cement plant of the project partner. On the other hand, the Contents of copper and zinc exceed the standard values for the process. The coarser fractions are free from mineral coatings and are not agglomerated in the case of the use of fresh BA. A following industrial separation step of glass has been successful. From the physical point of view an application in asphalt or concrete for the coarser fractions seems to be feasible. However, in leaching experiments a high release of different metals, especially copper, could be detected. This is probably due to the poorly conceived washing process but needs to be further investigated. 1 Neuruppin TK Verlag 2018 Mineralische Nebenprodukte und Abfälle 5 978-3-944310-41-1 152 172 2018-11-19 OPUS4-51442 Buchkapitel Lessovaia, S.N.; Gerrits, Ruben; Gorbushina, Anna; Polekhovsky, Y.S.; Dultz, S.; Kopitsa, G.G. Frank-Kamenetskaya, O.V.; Vlasov, D.; Panova, E.G.; Lessovaia, S.N. Modeling Biogenic Weathering of Rocks from Soils of Cold Environments Morphologically simple and microbially dominated ecosystems termed "biofilms" have existed on Earth for a long period of biosphere evolution. A model biofilm combining one heterotroph and one phototroph component was used in a laboratory experiment to simulate biogenic weathering with two different specimens of basic rock samples from the soil profiles. The rocks fragments from the regions of cold environments of Eurasia,where abiotic physical processes, including rock disintegration initiated by freezing-thawing cycles, represent the most probable Scenario of rock weathering, were subjected to biological colonization. The rock Fragments were represented by dolerite and metagabbro amphibolites. Polished sections of the rock samples were inoculated with the model microbiological consortium of the oligotrophic fungus and the phototrophic cyanobacteria (biofilm). After 3 month runtime of the experiment the progress of rock weathering was derived from the growth of the biofilm on the rock surfaces. The model biofilm visualization on the rock surface of polished sections illustrated their stronger development namely on dolerite in comparison with metagabbro amphibolite. The findings confirmed the higher sensitivity of dolerite to biogenic weathering due to (i) mineral association, in which quartz was absent and (ii) porosity providing higher specific surface area for biotic—abiotic interaction influenced by the occurrence of micro-porosity in the rock. Springer 2020 Processes and Phenomena on the Boundary Between Biogenic and Abiogenic Nature 501 515 10.1007/978-3-030-21614-6_27 2020-10-21 OPUS4-51472 Buchkapitel Kunte, Hans-Jörg; Schwarz, T.; Galinski, E. A. Lee, N. M. The compatible solute ectoine: protection mechanisms, strain development, and industrial production Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya can adapt to saline environments by accumulating compatible solutes in order to maintain an osmotic equilibrium. Compatible solutes are of diverse chemical structure (sugars, polyols, amino acid derivatives) and are beneficial for bacterial cells not only as osmoregulatory solutes but also as protectants of proteins by mitigating detrimental effects of freezing, drying, and high temperatures. The aspartate derivative ectoine is a widespread compatible solute in Bacteria and possesses additional protective properties compared with other compatible solutes and stabilizes even whole cells against stresses such as ultraviolet radiation or cytotoxins. Here, it is our intention to go beyond a simple description of effects, but to depict the molecular interaction of ectoine with biomolecules, such as proteins, membranes, and DNA and explain the underlying principles. The stabilizing properties of ectoine attracted industry, which saw the potential to market ectoine as a novel active component in health care products and cosmetics. In joint efforts of industry and research, a large-scale fermentation procedure has been developed with the halophilic bacterium Halomonas elongata used as a producer strain. The development and application of ectoine-excreting mutants from H. elongata ("leaky" mutants) allow for the annual production of ectoine on a scale of tons. The details of the strain development and fermentation processes will be introduced. De Gruyter 2020 Biotechnological Applications of Extremophilic Microorganisms 978-3-11-042773-8 121 136 2020-10-28 OPUS4-46551 Buchkapitel Kratz, S.; Adam, Christian; Vogel, Christian Holm, O.; Thome-Kozmienski, E.; Quicker, P.; Kopp-Assenmacher, S. Pflanzenverfügbarkeit und agronomische Effizienz von klärschlammbasierten Phosphor (P)-Recyclingdüngern Die agronomische Effizienz von Düngemitteln wird üblicherweise im Vegetationsversuch geprüft. Vegetationsversuche erlauben die Betrachtung unterschiedlicher Kulturpflanzen und deren Strategien der Nährstoffmobilisierung und -Aneignung ebenso wie die Berücksichtigung verschiedener Substrattypen und deren Eigenschaften hinsichtlich Nährstofffixierung und -freisetzung. Solche Versuche, selbst wenn sie nicht im Feld, sondern nur im Gefäß durchgeführt werden, sind jedoch sowohl zeit- als auch kostenintensiv. In erster Näherung wird die Pflanzenverfügbarkeit insbesondere von Phosphor (P)-Düngemitteln daher herkömmlicherweise mit Hilfe standardisierter chemischer Extraktionsmethoden abgeschätzt, deren Durchführung in der deutschen ebenso wie in der europäischen Düngemittelverordnung normiert ist. Diese Methoden werden auch im Rahmen der staatlichen Düngemittelverkehrskontrolle genutzt, um die Einhaltung düngemittelrechtlicher Vorgaben zu überprüfen. Wie jüngere Arbeiten gezeigt haben, ist jedoch die Übertragung herkömmlicher Standardextraktionsmethoden auf neue Dünger aus Recyclingmaterialien wie Klärschlamm mit einigen Schwierigkeiten verbunden. Korrelationen zwischen P-Aufnahme im Vegetationsversuch und chemischer Löslichkeit im Standardextrakt sind oft nur mäßig bis schwach oder überhaupt nicht signifikant. Die vorliegende Literaturübersicht gibt einen Überblick zum aktuellen Stand des Wissens über die chemische Löslichkeit von klärschlammbasierten P-Recyclingdüngern, deren Effizienz im Vegetationsversuch und statistische Relationen zwischen beiden Parametern. Anschließend werden alternative Methoden zur Abschätzung der P-Verfügbarkeit von Recyclingdüngern vorgestellt, die derzeit Gegenstand der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion sind. Neuruppin Thome-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH 2018 Verwertung von Klärschlamm 978-3-944310-43-5 391 408 2018-11-12