Dokument-ID Dokumenttyp Autoren/innen Persönliche Herausgeber/innen Haupttitel Abstract Auflage Verlagsort Verlag Herausgeber (Institution) Erscheinungsjahr Titel des übergeordneten Werkes Jahrgang/Band ISBN Veranstaltung Veranstaltungsort Beginndatum der Veranstaltung Enddatum der Veranstaltung Ausgabe/Heft Erste Seite Letzte Seite URN DOI Lizenz Datum der Freischaltung OPUS4-45416 Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband Simon, Franz-Georg; Kalbe, Ute; Bandow, Nicole Potential use of incineration bottom ash in construction - Evaluation of environmental impact The results from a long-term lysimeter experiment with incineration bottom ash irrigated with artificial rain are reported. Whereas chloride concentration dropped significantly, the release of antimony increased during the course of the experiment as a result of aging processes. 2018 Proceedings WASCON 2018, No Cradle, no Grave - Circular Economy 978-951-758-631-3 10th International Conference on the Environmental and Technical Implications of Construction with Alternative Materials, WASCON 2018 Tampere, Finland 06.06.2018 08.06.2018 108 110 2018-07-11 OPUS4-45336 Zeitschriftenartikel Simon, Franz-Georg; Holm, Olaf Resources from recycling and urban mining: Limits and prospects Direct and indirect effects (DIERec) of the recovery of secondary resources are in the range of 500 million tons per year in Germany; energy savings are 1.4 million TJ. These savings are between 10 and 20% of the total. The effects of materials recovery exceed those of energy recovery by far except for secondary plastic material, where DIERec from energy recovery is higher by factor of 2.7. Untapped potential for the recovery of secondary resources exists in the fine fraction of bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration, mainly Cu and precious metals, and in urban mining. Padua, Italy CISA Publisher 2018 Detritus 02 24 28 urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-453364 10.31025/2611-4135/2018.13665 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de 2018-07-03 OPUS4-45206 Posterpräsentation Simon, Franz-Georg Approach for analysis of environmental impact of geosynthetics in aquatic systems by example of the Baltic Sea Whereas the behavior of geosynthetics in landfill engineering is well studied and documented since decades, little is known on application in applications such as coastal protection or ballast layers for wind energy plants. However, due to the rapid expansion of offshore wind energy, rising water levels and more extreme weather conditions as a result of climate change more and more hydraulic engineering projects will be realized in the future. Construction with geosynthetics has various advantages, but it has to be ensured that there is no negative environmental impact from the application of geosynthetics in hydraulic engineering. It is expected that any effect will be visible only on the long-term. Therefore, accelerated testing is needed to derive requirements for geosynthetics in hydraulic engineering. 2018 7th IEEE/OES Baltic Symposium, Clean and Safe Baltic Sea and Energy Security for the Baltic countries Klaipeda, Lithuania 12.06.2018 15.06.2018 2018-06-18 OPUS4-44937 Buchkapitel Wünsch, Christoph; Simon, Franz-Georg Maletz, Roman; Dornack, Christina; Ziyang, Lou The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions through the source-separated collection of household waste in Germany The production of secondary materials from waste materials requires, in most cases, significantly lower energy amounts than the primary material production of raw materials. Along with lower energy demand, the greenhouse gas emissions produced are also lower. The duty of a modern waste management system should therefore be to collect and sort the waste materials in a way that the highest amounts of single material fractions with the highest qualities can be generated. In this contribution, the greenhouse gas balances of the theoretical treatment of the household waste, if collected as mixed waste in sanitary landfills, in waste incineration plants, or in mechanical-biological treatment plants, are compared to the existing separate waste collection and treatment in Germany in 2014. The results show that the treatment of the mixed collected household waste in sanitary landfills would lead to a significant release of greenhouse gases. The treatment in MBTs with the recovery of valuables and the further disposal of the biologically stabilized fraction on landfills, as well as the treatment of the high calorific fraction (also called refuse derived fuel - RDF) in RDF plants, coal-fired power plants, or cement kilns, would lead to small amounts of avoided greenhouse gas emissions. The thermal treatment in waste incineration plants would lead to moderate amounts of avoided greenhouse gases. Only with the actually practiced separate collection and treatment of household waste were significant amounts of greenhouse gas emissions avoided. In total, this is approximately 5.5 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalents for approximately 45.5 million tons of separate collected and treated household waste in Germany in 2014. 1 Berlin Springer International Publishing 2018 Source Separation and Recycling - Implementation and Benefits for a Circular Economy 63 978-3-319-69071-1 269 287 10.1007/698_2017_35 2018-05-18 OPUS4-44940 Vortrag Simon, Franz-Georg Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in waste management The production of secondary materials from waste materials requires, in most cases, significantly lower energy amounts than the primary material production of raw materials. Along with lower energy demand, the greenhouse gas emissions produced are also lower. The duty of a modern waste management system should therefore be to collect and sort the waste materials in a way that the highest amounts of single material fractions with the highest qualities can be generated. In this contribution, the greenhouse gas balances of the theoretical treatment of the household waste, if collected as mixed waste in sanitary landfills, in waste incineration plants, or in mechanical-biological treatment plants, are compared to the existing separate waste collection and treatment in Germany in 2014. 2018 Richtlinienausschuss VDI 3925 Insel Vilm, Germany 08.05.2018 08.05.2018 2018-05-18 OPUS4-44942 Vortrag Simon, Franz-Georg Economic and legal aspects of secondary resource management Direct and indirect effects (DIERec) of the recovery of secondary resources are in the range of 500 million tonnes per year in Germany; energy savings are 1.4 million TJ. These savings are between 10 and 20% of the total. The effects of materials recovery exceed those of energy recovery by far with the exception of secondary plastic material where DIERec from energy recovery is higher by factor of 2.7. Untapped potential for the recovery of secondary resources exist in the fine fraction of bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration, mainly Cu and precious metals and in urban mining. 2018 Travelling Conference Resource efficiency and environmental compatibility in waste management (REECO-WM) Seoul, Ho-Chi-Minh-City, Perth 29.01.2018 06.02.2018 2018-05-18 OPUS4-46146 Buchkapitel Syc, M.; Simon, Franz-Georg; Biganzoli, L.; Grosso, M.; Hyks, J. Holm, O.; Thome-Kozmiensky, E. Resource recovery from incineration bottom ash: Basics, concepts, principles Waste-to-energy (WtE) is one of the leading technologies for municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment in Europe. According to Eurostat data, in 2015, 27 % of MSW was utilized in WtE plants, which represents more than 80 million tons per year. Therefore, the European annual production of incineration bottom ash (IBA) is about 20 million tons, as it is about 25 wt% of input MSW. In the European List of Waste, IBA is listed as mirror entry (i.e. waste materials which should be classified as either non-hazardous or hazardous, depending on its hazardous properties and/or content of hazardous substances) under codes 19 01 11 and 19 01 12. Recent trends indicate that WtE allows, apart from utilization of the energy content of waste, also the recovery of various valuable components. Hence, WtE can be included in the key technologies that can put the circular economy concept into practice. Secondary raw materials in the case of WtE are solid residues, especially IBA, as it is a secondary source, particularly of ferrous metals (Fe) and non-ferrous metals (NF) and glass. Moreover, the residual mineral fraction can be used for various applications in the construction industry, i.e. as aggregates substitute for bound or unbound applications, in cement manufacturing or, as indicated by recent research, also in more sophisticated applications, e.g. for ceramics production. Recovery of these metals can also cause huge greenhouse gas savings. Alone in Europe, metal recovery from IBA reduces greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 3.2 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. 1 Neuruppin Thomé-Kozmiensky Verlag GmbH 2018 Removal, Treatment and Utilisation of Waste Incineration Bottom Ash 1 978-3-944310-44-2 1 10 2018-10-05 OPUS4-48816 Buchkapitel Simon, Franz-Georg; Meggyes, Tamas Meyers, Robert A. Sustainable remediation methods for metals and radionuclides Since it was realized that sites contaminated with metals and radionuclides needed treatment, various remediation methods have been and are being developed. Depending on the size of the contaminated site and urgency of intervention, conventional or recently introduced techniques have been used. Conventional techniques include excavation and removal for treatment of soil and contaminants, or the so-called "pump-and-treat" method, in which contaminated groundwater is removed from the ground by pumping and treated in a treatment plant on the surface. It has the advantage of using proven techniques and is easy to control, and the treated groundwater can be reinjected into the ground or discharged in rivers or lakes. Novel methods include permeable reactive barriers, biomineralization, and electrokinetic remediation. 1 Heidelberg Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2019 Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology 978-1-4939-2493-6 1 37 10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_63-3 2019-09-02 OPUS4-49715 Buchkapitel Simon, Franz-Georg; Quicker, P. Elvers, B. Waste, Evaluation Methods It is difficult to decide which waste management system fulfills best predefined sustainability goals such as maximum materials and energy recovery, least environmental impact, and lowest societal cost. Such decisions are based on many parameters. However, several evaluation methods exist with different scope and output, and the application of one or more evaluation methods provides an objective comparison of alternatives. 1. Weinheim Wiley-VCH Verlag 2019 Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 978-3-52730-673-2 1 10 10.1002/14356007.o28_o02.pub2 2019-11-27 OPUS4-50881 Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband Simon, Franz-Georg; Barqawi, Haitham; Chubarenko, B.; Esiukova, E.; Putna-Nimane, I.; Barda, I.; Strode, E.; Purina, I. Köppen, S.; Reckermann, M. EI-GEO environmental impact of geosynthetics in aquatic systems EI-GEO is a multinational research project (Germany, Latvia, Russia) funded under the ERA.Net RUS Plus Call 2017. Aim of the project is the investigation whether geosynthetics in hydraulic engineering applications could be a source of microplastics (MPs) and other contaminants to the aquatic environment causing negative effects to aquatic organisms. Whereas the behavior of geosynthetics in landfill engineering is well studied and documented since decades, little is known on application in applications such as coastal protection or ballast layers for wind energy plants. However, due to the rapid expansion of offshore wind energy, rising water levels and more extreme weather conditions as a result of climate change more and more hydraulic engineering projects will be realized in the future. Applied methods are artificial ageing of geosynthetics in environmental simulation chambers, storage of samples under environmental condition for comparison with laboratory simulation, sample characterization by microscopic methods and ecotoxicological testing of water in contact with geosynthetics. In parallel a case study at the Baltic Sea shore at Kaliningrad Oblast (Russia) will be performed. The aim of study is to estimate the level of pollution of the beaches by geosynthetic debris and identify the possible sources. Geesthacht International Baltic Earth Secretariat Publications Helmholtz Zentrum 2020 Earth system changes and baltic sea coasts - Conference proceedings of the 3rd baltic earth conference 3rd Baltic Earth Conference Online meeting 02.06.2020 03.06.2020 151 152 2020-06-17 OPUS4-51622 Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband Kalbe, Ute; Vogel, Christian; Simon, Franz-Georg Antimony in incineration bottom ash - Leaching behavior and conclusions for treatment processes Antimony (Sb) is used in industrial products mainly as flame retardant in plastic material. Due to such additives in plastics, about a half of Sb ends up in municipal solid waste incineration at the end-of-life and consequently in relevant amounts in the generated bottom ash. In contact with water, the initial leachability is low, as antimonates form sparingly soluble compounds with Ca2+. Following the carbonation of the incineration bottom ash (IBA) during the proceeding ageing the pH in the leachates decreases. With decreasing concentration of Ca in the eluate the solution equilibrium changes and antimonates dissolve. In Germany it is intended to regulate Sb in IBA with the planned implementation of the so called Mantelverordnung (MantelVO, containing provisions on the utilisation of mineral waste) in the near future. The limit values set in the draft might be critical for IBA and therefore pose a risk for the utilisation of the mineral fraction of IBA in the well-established recycling routes. International Waste Working Group (IWWG) 2020 SUM 2020 Proceedings SUM 2020 – 5th Symposium on Urban Mining and Circular Economy Online meeting 18.11.2020 20.11.2020 1 4 2020-11-23 OPUS4-53965 Vortrag Simon, Franz-Georg EI-GEO (S&T CALL 2017), Environmental impact of geosynthetics in aquatic systems 2021 marks the 10th anniversary of the first ERA.Net RUS joint call for European-Russian STI cooperation projects. Pooling the resources of more than 20 European and Russian funding agencies, more than 150 projects were funded with an estimated budget of about € 60 million. Being even larger than many thematic ERA.NETs, the ERA.Net RUS Plus has been the biggest and most successful regional ERA.NET so far. Indicating a strong demand for scientific cooperation, the smaller-scale projects funded within the ERA.Net RUS (Plus) calls perfectly complement Russian participation in the EU Framework Programmes. Not least of all, the ERA-Net RUS calls are examples of successful collaboration at a time when cooperation in other fields is complicated by the politically challenging situation. These calls contributed to keeping the communication channels open. Against this background a dedicated event in late 2021 highlighted what has been achieved within the first decade of the initiative. The project EI-GEO coordinated by BAM was selected as best practice project. The presentation displays the main results of the project and discusses the key success factors. 2021 ERA.Net RUS: Celebrating ten years of multilateral European-Russian Research and Innovation cooperation Online meeting 09.12.2021 10.12.2021 2021-12-10 OPUS4-53431 Zeitschriftenartikel Simon, Franz-Georg; Vogel, Christian; Kalbe, Ute Antimony and vanadium in incineration bottom ash - leaching behavior and conclusions for treatment processes Due to its large mineral fraction, incineration bottom ash (IBA) from municipal solid waste incineration is an interesting raw material that can be used for road construction or to produce secondary building materials. However, leaching chloride, sulfate, and potentially harmful heavy metals may cause problems in using IBA in civil engineering. Investigating leaching behavior is crucial for the assessment of the environmental compatibility of IBA applications. Various test procedures are available for that purpose. In the present study, a long-term leaching test of a wet-mechanically treated IBA was performed in a lysimeter for almost six years. While concentrations of chloride, sulfate and the majority of the heavy metals started to decrease rapidly with progressive liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S), antimony (Sb) and vanadium (V) behaved differently. At the beginning of the lysimeter test, the Sb and V concentrations were low, but after approximately one year of operation at an L/S ratio of around 0.8 L/kg, a steady increase was observed. It was shown that this increase is the result of low Ca concentrations due to the formation of CaCO3. With the data, the solubility products from Ca-antimonate and Ca-vanadate were calculated. The unusual leaching behavior of Sb and V should be kept in mind when considering field scenarios and evaluating the impact on the environment. Padua CISA International Waste Working Group (IWWG) 2021 Detritus 16 75 81 urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-534317 10.31025/2611-4135/2021.15115 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de 2021-09-30 OPUS4-55216 Beitrag zu einem Sammelband Abis, M.; Bruno, M.; Simon, Franz-Georg; Grönhom, R.; Kuchta, K.; Fiore, S. Medici, F. A Novel Dry Treatment for Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash for the Reduction of Salts and Potential Toxic Elements The main obstacle to bottom ash (BA) being used as a recycling aggregate is the content of salts and potential toxic elements (PTEs), concentrated in a layer that coats BA particles. This work presents a dry treatment for the removal of salts and PTEs from BA particles. Two pilotscale abrasion units (with/without the removal of the fine particles) were fed with different BA samples. The performance of the abrasion tests was assessed through the analyses of particle size and moisture, and that of the column leaching tests at solid-to-liquid ratios between 0.3 and 4. The results were: the particle-size distribution of the treated materials was homogeneous (25 wt % had dimensions <6.3 mm) and their moisture halved, as well as the electrical conductivity of the leachates. A significant decrease was observed in the leachates of the treated BA for sulphates (44%), chlorides (26%), and PTEs (53% Cr, 60% Cu and 8% Mo). The statistical analysis revealed good correlations between chloride and sulphate concentrations in the leachates with Ba, Cu, Mo, and Sr, illustrating the consistent behavior of the major and minor components of the layer surrounding BA particles. In conclusion, the tested process could be considered as promising for the improvement of BA valorization. Basel MDPI 2022 Recovery of Waste Materials, Technological Research and Industrial Scale-Up 978-3-0365-3063-5 57 71 urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-552161 10.3390/ma14113133 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.de 2022-07-11 OPUS4-55671 Vortrag Simon, Franz-Georg Product testing and performance Geosynthetic materials are applied in measures for coastal protection. Weathering or any damage of constructions, as shown by a field study in Kaliningrad Oblast (Russia), could lead to the littering of the beach or the sea (marine littering) and the discharge of possibly harmful additives into the marine environment. The ageing behavior of a widely used geotextile made of polypropylene was studied by artificial accelerated ageing in water-filled autoclaves at temperatures of 30 to 80° C and pressures of 10 to 50 bar. Tensile strength tests were used to evaluate the progress of ageing, concluding that temperature rather than pressure was the main factor influencing the ageing of geotextiles. Using a modified Arrhenius equation, it was possible to calculate the half-life for the loss of 50% of the strain, which corresponds to approximately 330 years. 2022 EuroGeo-7, Session Geosynthetics, Sustainability and Current Industry Challenges Warschau, Poland 04.09.2022 07.09.2022 2022-09-14 OPUS4-56875 Forschungsdatensatz Vogel, Christian; Simon, Franz-Georg; Scholz, Philipp The chemical state of antimony and vanadium species in municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash Due to the large quantity as residual mineral waste, municipal solid waste incineration - bottom ash (MSWI-BA) is an interesting secondary raw material that can be utilized for road construction. However, leaching of chloride, sulfate and potentially hazardous heavy metals from MSWSI-BA into the environment may cause problems in utilization of it in civil engineering. In a previous study, we performed a long-term leaching test of MSWI-BA in a lysimeter for almost six years to investigate the efficiency of the treatment process on the release of hazardous substances. While concentrations of chloride, sulfate and the majority of the heavy metals started to decrease rapidly with progressive liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S), the ecotoxic hazardous elements antimony (Sb) and vanadium (V) behaved differently. To unravel these unusual release behaviors and the oxyanion-formation of Sb and V we will apply HERFD-XANES spectroscopy to analyze their chemical state. Grenoble European synchroton Radiation Facility ESRF 2023 10.15151/ESRF-ES-1020936484 2023-01-26 OPUS4-58018 Buchkapitel Simon, Franz-Georg; Meggyes, Tamas Zhang, H. X. Sustainable Remediation Methods for Metals and Radionuclides Sustainability has become the conscientious and future-oriented principle of modern resource management and environmental protection because caring for the future is tantamount to providing manageable and healthy surroundings for ourselves. For the foreseeable future, geotechnical and environmental engineers must therefore be concerned with ensuring a healthy balance between extraction, processing, manufacturing, utilization, recycling, and disposal of materials and products. 1 Berlin, Heidelberg Springer Science+Business Media 2023 Water Sustainability 978-1-0716-2465-4 251 284 10.1007/978-1-0716-2466-1_63 2023-08-03 OPUS4-59160 Zeitschriftenartikel Simon, Franz-Georg; Haas, Marco; Pienkoß, Fabian; Kwiatkowski, Robert Wet-mechanical treatment: Processing of bituminous road construction waste in a jigging machine Jigging machines are used in processing technology in many areas. Examples are the processing of coal, ores, and primary and secondary raw and waste materials. Even small differences in density are offen sufficient for successful sorting. In the work presented here, milled material from road construction waste contaminated with bitumen is to be separated from uncontaminated material. In this way, scarce landfill space could be saved and mineral material be returned to the material cycle. Gütersloh Bauverlag BV GmbH 2023 AT Mineral Processing Europe 64 12 46 51 2023-12-18 OPUS4-59186 Vortrag Simon, Franz-Georg Secondary building materials in a circular economy Half of the global material consumption is mineral material. The circularity is still low so that enhanced use of secondary building material is required to close loops. Three different secondary building materials are discussed based on exemplary research results: construction and demolition waste (C&D waste), soil-like material and incineration bottom ash (IBA). Focus was laid on the environmental compatibility of the materials examined mainly by standardized leaching tests. C&D waste was investigated after a wet treatment using a jigging machine, soil-like material and IBA were characterized with respect to their material composition. The environmental compatibility in particular was studied using standard leaching tests (batch tests and column tests). It was concluded that soil-like material can mostly be utilized even when the precautionary limit values set are exceeded by a factor of less than 2. For C&D waste the fine fraction below 2 mm and the content of brick material is problematic. IBA fulfills quality level HMVA-2 following German regulation. Higher quality levels of utilization might be achievable with better treatment technologies. 2023 15th International Conference on Ecomaterials (ICEM15) Iki, Japan 26.11.2023 30.11.2023 2023-12-20