Dokument-ID Dokumenttyp Autoren/innen Persönliche Herausgeber/innen Haupttitel Abstract Auflage Verlagsort Verlag Herausgeber (Institution) Erscheinungsjahr Titel des übergeordneten Werkes Jahrgang/Band ISBN Veranstaltung Veranstaltungsort Beginndatum der Veranstaltung Enddatum der Veranstaltung Ausgabe/Heft Erste Seite Letzte Seite URN DOI Lizenz Datum der Freischaltung OPUS4-53213 Zeitschriftenartikel Cunliffe, A. J.; Askew, P. D.; Stephan, Ina; Iredale, G.; Cosemans, P.; Simmons, L. M.; Verran, J.; Redfern, J. How do we determine the efficacy of an antibacterial surface? A review of standardised antibacterial material testing methods Materials that confer antimicrobial activity, be that by innate property, leaching of biocides or design features (e.g., non-adhesive materials) continue to gain popularity to combat the increasing and varied threats from microorganisms, e.g., replacing inert surfaces in hospitals with copper. To understand how efficacious these materials are at controlling microorganisms, data is usually collected via a standardised test method. However, standardised test methods vary, and often the characteristics and methodological choices can make it difficult to infer that any perceived antimicrobial activity demonstrated in the laboratory can be confidently assumed to an end-use setting. This review provides a critical analysis of standardised methodology used in academia and industry, and demonstrates how many key methodological choices (e.g., temperature, humidity/moisture, airflow, surface topography) may impact efficacy assessment, highlighting the need to carefully consider intended antimicrobial end-use of any product. Basel MDPI 2021 Antibiotics 10 9 1 14 urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-532138 10.3390/antibiotics10091069 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de 2021-09-16 OPUS4-47269 Zeitschriftenartikel Redfern, J.; Tucker, J.; Simmons, L.; Askew, P.; Verran, J.; Stephan, Ina Environmental and experimental factors affecting efficacy testing on nonporous plastic antimicrobial surfaces Test methods for efficacy assessment of antimicrobial coatings are not modelled on a hospital environment, and instead use high humidity (>90%) high temperature (37 ◦C), and no airflow. Therefore, an inoculum will not dry, resulting in an antimicrobial surface exhibiting prolonged antimicrobial activity, as moisture is critical to activity. Liquids will dry quicker in a hospital ward, resulting in a reduced antimicrobial efficacy compared to the existing test, rendering the test results artificially favourable to the antimicrobial claim of the product. This study aimed to assess how hospital room environmental conditions can affect the drying time of an inoculum, and to use this data to inform test parameters for antimicrobial efficacy testing based on the hospital ward. The drying time of different droplet sizes, in a range of environmental conditions likely found in a hospital ward, were recorded (n = 630), and used to create a model to inform users of the experimental conditions required to provide a drying time similar to what can be expected in the hospital ward. Drying time data demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) variance when humidity, temperature, and airflow were assessed. A mathematical model was created to select environmental conditions for in vitro antimicrobial efficacy testing. Drying time in different environmental conditions demonstrates that experimental set-ups affect the amount of time an inoculum stays wet, which in turn may affect the efficacy of an antimicrobial surface. This should be an important consideration for hospitals and other potential users, whilst future tests predict efficacy in the intended end-use environment. Internet open accsess MDPI 2018 Methods and Protocols 1 4 36, 1 10 urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-472699 10.3390/mps1040036 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de 2019-01-29 OPUS4-40790 Posterpräsentation Redfern, J. Control of humidity during simulation tests on the efficacy of antimicrobial surfaces The influence of rel. humidity on the drying of splashes on different surfaces is documented in order to investigate how Long humidity for microbiological growth is present. 2017 COST Action Clinical microbiology and infection (AMiCl) Pori, Finland 06.06.2017 08.06.2017 2017-06-28