Dokument-ID Dokumenttyp Autoren/innen Persönliche Herausgeber/innen Haupttitel Abstract Auflage Verlagsort Verlag Herausgeber (Institution) Erscheinungsjahr Titel des übergeordneten Werkes Jahrgang/Band ISBN Veranstaltung Veranstaltungsort Beginndatum der Veranstaltung Enddatum der Veranstaltung Ausgabe/Heft Erste Seite Letzte Seite URN DOI Lizenz Datum der Freischaltung OPUS4-38502 Zeitschriftenartikel Freitas, R.; Almeida, Ângela; Calisto, V.; Velez, C.; Moreira, A.; Schneider, Rudolf; Esteves, V. I.; Wrona, F. J.; Figueira, E.; Soares, A. M. V. M. The impacts of pharmaceutical drugs under ocean acidification: Newdata on single and combined long-term effects of carbamazepine on Scrobicularia plana Ocean acidification and increasing discharges of pharmaceutical contaminants into aquatic systems are among key and/or emerging drivers of environmental change affecting marine ecosystems. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that ocean acidification can have direct and indirect impacts on marine organisms although combined effects with other stressors, namely with pharmaceuticals, have received very little attention to date. The present study aimed to evaluate the impacts of the pharmaceutical drug Carbamazepine and pH 7.1, acting alone and in combination, on the clamScrobicularia plana. For this, a long-termexposure (28 days)was conducted and a set of oxidative stress markers was investigated. The results obtained showed that S. plana was able to develop mechanisms to prevent oxidative damage when under low pH for a long period, presenting higher survival when exposed to this stressor compared to CBZ or the combination of CBZ with pH 7.1. Furthermore, the toxicity of CBZ on S. plana was synergistically increased under ocean acidification conditions (CBZ + pH 7.1): specimens survival was reduced and oxidative stress was enhanced when compared to single exposures. These findings add to the growing body of evidence that ocean acidification will act to increase the toxicity of CBZ to marine organisms,which has clear implications for coastal benthic ecosystems suffering chronic pollution from pharmaceutical drugs. Elsevier B.V. 2016 Science of the Total Environment 541 977 985 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.138 2016-11-30 OPUS4-38508 Zeitschriftenartikel Cruz, D.; Almeida, Ângela; Calisto, V.; Esteves, V. I.; Schneider, Rudolf; Wrona, F. J.; Soares, A. M. V. M.; Figueira, E.; Freitas, R. Caffeine impacts in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum: Alterations on energy reserves, metabolic activity and oxidative stress biomarkers Caffeine is known to be one of the most consumed psychoactive drugs. For this reason, caffeine is continuously released into the environment with potential impacts on inhabiting organisms. The current study evaluated the biochemical alterations induced in the clam species Ruditapes philippinarum after exposure for 28 days to caffeine (0.5, 3.0 and 18.0 mg/L). The results obtained showed that, with the increasing caffeine concentrations, an increase in clams defense mechanisms (such as antioxidant and biotransformation enzymes activity) was induced which was accompanied by an increase in protein content. Nevertheless, although an increase on defense mechanisms was observed, clams were not able to prevent cells from lipid peroxidation that increased with the increase of caffeine concentration. Furthermore, with the increase of exposure concentrations, clams increased their metabolic activity (measured by electron transport activity), reducing their energy reserves (glycogen content), to fight against oxidative stress. Overall, the present study demonstrated that caffeine may impact bivalves, even at environmentally relevant concentrations, inducing oxidative stress in organisms. The present study is an important contribution to address knowledge gaps regarding the impacts of long-term exposures to pharmaceuticals since most of the studies assessed the effects after acute exposures, most of them up to 96 h. Elsevier Ltd. 2016 Chemosphere 2016 160 95 103 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.068 2016-11-30