TY - CONF A1 - Wu, Shu-Han T1 - Sodium Storage Mechanisms and Performance Improvement of Synthetic Hard Carbon Materials N2 - Hard carbons (HCs) are promising anodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high capacity and low cost. However, their broader use is limited by an incomplete understanding of sodium storage mechanisms. Internal porosity is key to high capacity, but tuning its chemical functionality remains challenging. In this study, we designed core–shell carbon materials featuring closed pores and tailored surface chemistry to distinguish reversible sodium storage from irreversible capacity losses associated with solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation. Our results reveal that external porosity can be clearly converted into internal porosity, leading to enhanced sodium storage performance, with capacities exceeding those of lithium in graphite. T2 - Advanced Automotive Battery Conference (AABC) 2025 CY - Mainz, Germany DA - 23.06.2025 KW - Sodium-ion batteries KW - Hard carbon KW - Core-shell materials PY - 2025 AN - OPUS4-65133 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -