TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sunder, S.
A1  - Jauregui Rozo, Maria
A1  - Deshpande, H.
A1  - Neyer, A.
A1  - Papaiya, V.
A1  - Meinel, Dietmar
A1  - Schartel, Bernhard
A1  - Ruckdäschel, H.
T1  - Char to the Rescue: Processing and Transfer of Flame-Retardant Epoxy Resins, Adjusting the Fire Behavior and Post-Fire Structural Integrity of Glass Fiber Composites
JF  - Journal of Polymer Science
N2  - Epoxy (EP) glass fiber reinforced composites (GFRCs) are extensively used in structural applications due to their excellent thermal and mechanical properties, but their inherent flammability limits fire-safe deployment. While numerous studies examine the flame retardancy of resins or individual composite systems, comprehensive studies evaluating simultaneous improvements in flame retardancy and post-fire mechanical integrity, specifically through prepreg processing, remain challenging. This study investigates the effectiveness and transferability of phosphorus-based flame retardant (FR) systems to diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and EP novolac resin matrices and their corresponding bidirectional glass fiber composites via prepregs. The FRs are chosen based on varying modes of action: ammonium polyphosphate with inorganic silicate (APP/InSi) primarily acts in the condensed phase (CP), and aluminum diethyl phosphinate with zinc hydroxystannate (AldietPO2/ZHS) is known to demonstrate both gas-phase (GP) and CP activity. Fire residues are tailored to compensate for structural defects from fire exposure. EP novolac, with higher aromaticity and cross-linking, possesses better inherent flame resistance compared to DGEBA. The novolac composites containing AldietPO2/ZHS simultaneously showed the highest retention of flexural properties after fire exposure and the best fire safety index. The experimental values of the post-fire flexural properties in the composites calibrated damage parameters in two theoretical models.
KW  - Composites
KW  - DGEBA
KW  - Epoxy novolac
KW  - Post-fire
KW  - Prepregs
PY  - 2025
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-643752
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.20250692
SN  - 2642-4169
SN  - 2642-4150
VL  - 63
IS  - 20
SP  - 4295
EP  - 4309
PB  - Wiley
AN  - OPUS4-64375
LA  - eng
AD  - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER  -