TY  - JOUR
A1  - Meng, Xiangmeng
A1  - Putra, Stephen Nugraha
A1  - Bachmann, Marcel
A1  - Rethmeier, Michael
T1  - A statistical assessment of the laser energy absorption and keyhole stability in high-power laser welding
JF  - Journal of Manufacturing Processes
N2  - The behavior of the molten pool and final weld qualities in high-power laser welding are significantly influenced by laser absorption and keyhole stability. However, the dynamic features involved make the in-depth analyses challenging. This study addresses the challenges by conducting a thorough statistical evaluation of the effects of key welding parameters on laser absorption and keyhole fluctuations, using experimental investigations and a robustly validated multi-physics model. From a statistical aspect, the laser energy distribution and the keyhole collapse, commonly considered to be highly time-varying, show certain regularities, for example, three distinct regions of the temporally averaged energy distribution and a universal normal distribution of the keyhole collapse positions. Further discussion is performed to clarify the greater potential of the statistical data in revealing some well-known, industry-related but unclearly explained findings, such as the saturation of the weld penetration with increasing heat input and the physical basis of the contributions of different welding parameters in the porosity reduction.
KW  - Laser welding
KW  - Laser absorption
KW  - Keyhole stability
KW  - Porosity defect
KW  - Multi-physics modeling
PY  - 2025
UR  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:b43-628367
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.03.053
SN  - 2212-4616
VL  - 141
SP  - 885
EP  - 896
AN  - OPUS4-62836
LA  - eng
AD  - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
ER  -