TY - CONF A1 - Winckelmann, Alexander A1 - Hoffmann, V. A1 - Richter, Silke A1 - Abad, Carlos T1 - Fluorine Depth Profiling in Lithium-Ion Battery Materials by GD-OES N2 - Lithium-ion batteries are a key technology for tackling challenges in energy and climate crisis, but up to 30 % are discarded right after production. Quality is closely related to the homogeneity of the used materials and coatings. Fluorine compounds, both in the polymer and from degradation of the electrolyte, are of special interest for the formation and aging of LIBs. Glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES) emerged as a fast and convenient method for depth-profiling of battery materials. However, fluorine remains a spectroscopic challenge due to a high excitation energy and only few strong emission lines in the UV/Vis spectral range. We investigated the partial substitution of argon with neon in the plasma gas. The main emission line at 685.603 nm was monitored by both photo multiplier tube (PMT) with Czerny-Turner monochromator at 20 µm slit-size, and charge-coupled device (CCD) with 1200 lines/mm grating. For calibration, we used a set of hot-pressed copper cylinders with varying calcium fluoride amount fraction, ranging from 1.6 % to 4.4 %. Plasma gas mixtures with a mole fraction of 5 %, 10 % and 20 % neon in argon were used. Sensitivity in comparison to pure argon was increased by factor 4, 7 and 14, respectively. In general, PMT detection was more sensitive than CCD. As expected, sputter rates decreased with higher neon content in the plasma gas. Depth-profiling of the cathodes was performed in pulsed mode at constant voltage and pressure, which resulted in stable plasma conditions. We achieve matrix-independent quantitative information on fluorine distribution by correction based on sputter rates. This advancement in GD-OES provides a more accurate analytical approach for evaluating the homogeneity of lithium-ion battery materials, potentially leading to more sustainable and cost-effective manufacturing processes. T2 - 6th International Glow Discharge Spectroscopy Symposium CY - Liverpool, United Kingdom DA - 21.04.2024 KW - Lithium Ion Batteries KW - GD-OES KW - depth-profiling KW - fluorine PY - 2024 AN - OPUS4-60200 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -