TY - GEN A1 - Hoffmann, Marie T1 - Recovery potential of Scandium and other critical raw materials from European industrial by-products N2 - Technological evolution and modern advances in the field of renewable energies are connected to an increasing demand on critical raw materials and especially technological metals. Recently, interest in the element scandium (Sc) has started to grow due to its positive influence on material properties e.g. in high performance-alloys, solid-oxide-fuel cells and solid-state lasers. Therefore, a rise in value and demand is expected in the near future. This study focuses on the reliable and sufficient methodology of measuring Sc and other critical raw materials in secondary waste products from the Al2O3- and Ti2O producing industry. It also targets the examination of Sc-bearing phases and their potential influence in the recovery of Sc from above mentioned materials. Essentially, chemical and structural analyses and characterization of European red muds and its Sc-bearing mineral phases are carried out. Furthermore, analogue investigations are performed for filter cakes and acid slurries that incur during TiO2 production. Red muds and TiO2 filter cakes from several European countries have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction, X-ray-fluorescence, ICP-MS and -OES. Analytical procedures performed are based on previous studies and different methods are tested and compared to ensure reliable data from ICP-MS and -OES measurements. Red mud samples were found to contain ~60-100 mg/kg Sc. Main mineral phases are Hematite, Gibbsite, Boehmite, Cancrinite, Diaspore, Perovskite, Rutile, Katoite and Quartz in variable amounts. Samples from TiO2-production contain up to 400 mg/kg of Sc and significant amounts of niobium and cerium. The main mineral phases are Rutile, Calcite, Quartz, Graphite and Iron-Oxide-Chloride. Generally, it is assumed that Sc is associated with iron and titanium-bearing phases such as Ilmenite and Rutile as it was found in REE deposits in China. Hence, These phases are studied in more detail with advanced structural analyses such as X-ray Absorption near edge structure (XANES) and point-based mineral chemistry analyses by electron microprobe. The study is incorporated in the SCALE project (GA No. 730105) funded by European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and aims to secure a European supply chain for Sc from metallurgical by-products. T2 - GeoBremen 2017 CY - Bremen, Germany DA - 24.09.2017 KW - Red mud KW - Critical raw materials KW - Industrial byproducts PY - 2017 UR - https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/frontdoor/index/index/docId/43452 AN - OPUS4-43452 AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany