TY - JOUR A1 - Schröder, Volkmar A1 - Molnarne, M. T1 - Hazardous properties of hydrogen and hydrogen containing fuel gases T2 - Process Safety and Environmental Protection 130 (2019) N2 - The paper provides a summary of safety characteristics of hydrogen and hydrogen fuel gases. The inves-tigations focus on water electrolysis, the feeding of hydrogen into the natural gas grid and the use ofhydrogen for the fermentation process in biogas plants. The safety characteristics of hydrogen such as avery low minimum ignition energy, very large explosion range and high flame velocity with the resultingrapid pressure increase of hydrogen explosions are of particular importance for explosion protection andthey differ strongly from those of natural gas. Explosion ranges of hydrogen-methane-carbon dioxidemixtures have been measured for the use of hydrogen in biomethane production. The paper also showsand discusses explosion ranges of hydrogen and hydrogen-natural gas mixtures. Pressure and tempera-ture dependencies of the explosion limits of mixtures were investigated. Furthermore, pressure rise rates(KGvalues) were measured with regard to constructive explosion protection. The maximum experimen-tal safe gaps were determined for the classification of the mixtures and assignment to explosion groupsaccording to the European ATEX directives. It was found that admixture of 10% hydrogen to natural gashas only a minor influence on the safety characteristics of gas explosions. PB - Elsevier KW - Hydrogen safety KW - Biogas KW - Renewable energy KW - Natural gas mixtures KW - Flammability PY - 2019 UR - https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/frontdoor/index/index/docId/49032 AN - OPUS4-49032 SN - 0957-5820 VL - 130 SP - 1 EP - 5 AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany