TY - CHAP A1 - Kannengießer, Thomas A1 - Gründer, Klaus-Peter ED - Czichos, Horst T1 - Stress and strain determinaion T2 - Handbook of technical diagnostics - Fundamentals and application to structures and systems N2 - In Chap. 1 of this book, the term Technical Diagnostics has been introduced as the examination of symptoms and syndromes to determine the nature of faults or failures of technical objects. Their characteristics in different technological areas may be of very different nature. One of them is the reaction of technical objects to deform under loads. Those loads may be induced by external forces or thermal fields resulting in mechanical or thermal stresses, respectively. Another reason of deformation is the permanent presence of internal material forces mainly caused by material processing technologies at elevated temperatures such as welding, forging, rolling, or casting and referred to as residual stresses. PY - 2013 SN - 978-3-642-25849-7 SN - 978-3-642-25850-3 DO - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25850-3_5 IS - Chapter 5 SP - 69 EP - 108 PB - Springer CY - Berlin Heidelberg AN - OPUS4-27773 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -