TY - JOUR A1 - Fernández, D. A1 - Vermeirssen, E.L.M. A1 - Bandow, Nicole A1 - Munoz, K. A1 - Schäfer, R.B. T1 - Calibration and field application of passive sampling for episodic exposure to polar organic pesticides in streams T2 - Environmental pollution N2 - Rainfall-triggered runoff is a major driver of pesticide input in streams. Only few studies have examined the suitability of passive sampling to quantify such episodic exposures. In this study, we used Empore-TM styrene-divinylbenzene reverse phase sulfonated disks (SDB disks) and event-driven water samples (EDS) to assess exposure to 15 fungicides and 4 insecticides in 17 streams in a German vineyard area during 4 rainfall events. We also conducted a microcosm experiment to determine the SDB-disk sampling rates and provide a free-software solution to derive sampling rates under time-variable exposure. Sampling rates ranged from 0.26 to 0.77 L d-1 and time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations from 0.05 to 2.11 µg/L. The 2 sampling systems were in good agreement and EDS exceeded TWA concentrations on average by a factor of 3. Our study demonstrates that passive sampling is suitable to quantify episodic exposures from polar organic pesticides. PB - Elsevier Ltd. CY - New York, NY [u.a.] KW - Passive sampling KW - Pesticide KW - Water monitoring KW - Freshwater PY - 2014 UR - https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/frontdoor/index/index/docId/31277 AN - OPUS4-31277 SN - 0269-7491 SN - 0013-9327 SN - 1873-6424 VL - 194 SP - 196 EP - 202 AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany