TY - JOUR A1 - Eisenacher, Germar A1 - Scheidemann, Robert A1 - Neumann, Martin A1 - Droste, Bernhard A1 - Völzke, Holger T1 - Dynamic crushing characteristics of spruce wood under large deformations T2 - Wood science and technology N2 - An extensive series of large deformation crushing tests with spruce wood specimens was conducted. Material orientation, lateral constraint and loading rate were varied. Regarding material orientation, a reduction in the softening effect and the general force level was observed with a higher fiber-load angle. A comparison with characteristics gained by application of Hankinson's formula showed discrepancies in compression strength and the beginning of the hardening effect. Lateral constraint of the specimens caused a multiaxial stress state in the specimens, which was quantified with the applied measuring method. Further, a higher force level compared to specimens without lateral constraint and significant hardening effect at large deformations resulted. Thus, the influence of a multiaxial stress state on the force level could be determined. An increase in the loading rate led to higher force levels at any displacement value and material orientation. PB - Springer CY - Berlin KW - Crushing test KW - Dynamic crushing characteristics KW - Spruce wood KW - Lateral constraint KW - Multiaxial stress state KW - Hankinson's formula PY - 2013 UR - https://opus4.kobv.de/opus4-bam/frontdoor/index/index/docId/27743 AN - OPUS4-27743 SN - 0043-7719 SN - 1432-5225 VL - 47 IS - 2 SP - 369 EP - 380 AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany