TY - JOUR A1 - Heinze, Christoph A1 - Schwenk, Christopher A1 - Rethmeier, Michael T1 - Numerical calculation of residual stress development of multi-pass gas metal arc welding under high restraint conditions JF - Materials and design N2 - During welding, residual stresses build-up created by the steep thermal gradient that occurs in the weld zone from localized heating and cooling, and phase transformations appearing in low-alloyed structural steel is inevitable. Welding of rather simple test plates do not cover the actual structural effects, which have to be considered during real component welding. However, the resulting welding-induced residual stress state is highly influenced by the structural characteristics, i.e. restraint conditions, of the welded construction. Therefore, a unique large-scale testing facility providing a specific shrinkage restraint while welding and subsequent cooling was used for the present investigations. Hereby, a six bead multi-pass gas metal arc weld of 20 mm thick structural steel S355J2 + N was welded under shrinkage restraint. The residual stresses were experimentally and numerically investigated, and compared to an analysis of plates welded under force-free support and free shrinkage conditions. The experimentally determined and calculated residual stresses using both 2D and 3D numerical models are in a good agreement. Furthermore, the influence of a shrinkage restraint on the residual stress distribution is both experimentally and numerically shown for the present test set-up. KW - Welding KW - Shrinkage KW - Ferrous metals and alloys PY - 2011 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.09.021 SN - 0261-3069 SN - 0264-1275 VL - 35 SP - 201 EP - 209 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Oxford AN - OPUS4-25036 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -