TY - CHAP A1 - Radnik, Jörg ED - Wandelt, K. T1 - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for investigation of heterogeneous catalytic process T2 - Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry: Surface Science and Electrochemistry N2 - Heterogeneous catalysis is a key technology in modern industrial societies. The main steps of a catalytic process take place at the surfaces of complex materials. For the investigations of these surfaces X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is widely used and fits ideally. At some suitable examples, it will be explained how XPS can help to understand such catalysts better. The focus is on selective oxidation catalysts, one of the main challenges of present research. Here it will illustrate, how changes in the near surface region influence the catalyst performance and, herewith the different stages (activation, maximum performance and deactivation) in the life of catalysts. Additionally, it will be stressed out how important information at different depth regions (surface, near-surface region, bulk) can be useful for comprehensive understanding of the material. Another important subject is nanostructured catalysts with molecular sieves as supports or defined complexes as precursors. Finally, the combination of XPS with other methods used in the analysis of catalysts, e.g. electron microscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and low energy ion scattering will be discussed. KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy KW - Depth information KW - Heterogeneous catalysis KW - Structure-properties relationships PY - 2018 SN - 978-0-12-809739-7 VL - 1 SP - 607 EP - 614 PB - Elsevier AN - OPUS4-44876 LA - eng AD - Bundesanstalt fuer Materialforschung und -pruefung (BAM), Berlin, Germany ER -