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Family caregivers of migrants with dementia constitute a population group that is hard to reach for research participation due to factors such as shame about the disease and past experiences of discrimination. In this article, research-ethical challenges associated with participant recruitment and qualitative data collection among relatives of migrants with dementia are discussed. Over a period of 8 years, 3 studies were conducted to investigate the experiences of family caregivers for persons with dementia of Turkish descent in Germany. Across these studies, a total of 32 family caregivers were interviewed. In this article, based on the “Principles of Biomedical Ethics” according to Beauchamp and Childress (2009), research-ethical conflicts associated with sampling methods and the presence of third parties during qualitative interviews are discussed. The potential risks emanating from sampling strategies and the presence of third parties during interviews regarding the voluntary nature of study participation are examined. Additionally, this article formulates recommendations for ensuring truly voluntary participation and protecting both the participants (family caregivers) and relatives with dementia from harm. These practical recommendations aim to help future researchers to avoid ethical pitfalls and represent a roadmap for making necessary methodological decisions.
Design:Across-sectional study was conducted inDecember 2020/January 2021 in the five significant cities of Germany.
Sample: 135 of 244 identified service institutions took part in the evaluation.
Measurements: This evaluation included changes in institutions’ operating hours as well as capacity for homeless people. Service institutions described changes in guests’ characteristics, moods, and mental burden. Finally, equipment including face masks, coveralls, and gloves was investigated. In addition, the study examined how the cooperation with the health authorities works.
Results: Institutions reduced their operating hours and capacity for guests (62.4%). Increased costs, which they had to cover themselves, were reported by 70.9% of institutions. Institutions reported, that guests showed more symptoms of aggression (15%), anxiety (25%), and desperation (32%) and fewer signs of being relaxed (75%). The institutions reported room for improvement in PPE supplies and collaboration with health authorities.
Conclusions: Services are limited for a vulnerable population, which shows changes in moods and mental health. Health authorities are not sufficiently engaged to take over the role of institutions in caring for homeless people. In the future, in-depth investigation to improve this is necessary.
Connections of personality and career success factors like obtained wages are
well documented. Important cognitive wage-related outcomes such as wage
expectations or the acceptance wage, i.e., the minimum acceptable wage for
individuals to take on a job, are neglected by empirical research. This study
proposes an integrated theoretical framework of personality effects on obtained,
expected, and accepted wages. We empirically test this framework using the
German PASS survey data (N = 5.636) of working age that contains personality
measures as well as wage measures. We replicate previous studies that showed
direct effects of extraversion and neuroticism on obtained wages. Extending this
causal chain to expected and accepted wages, we demonstrate that both
personality traits are associated with expected and accepted wages trough an
indirect effect via obtained wages. For extraversion, however not for neuroticism,
we show that even when controlling for obtained wage, a direct effect of this
personality trait on expected and accepted wages prevails. We discuss the results
in terms of relationships of personality to exaggerated wage expectations and
extraversion.
This research examined the legislative process that led to the passing of the new Prohibition on Consumption of Prostitution law (temporary order) in Israel, focusing on the participation of sex workers in this process. It aimed to get a deeper understanding of the different voices that took part in the discussion, and specifically the role that sex workers voices played in the debate. Data was gathered both from interviews and documents and was analyzed thematically and through content analysis accordingly. The theoretical framework of the discussion was based on Foucault's perception of power and Gallagher's work on participation. The findings indicated that the main narrative represented in the legislation process was a radical feminist narrative, led by politicians, activists, and aid service workers. Prostitution survivors who used aid services were invited to participate; however, the participation of sex workers who opposed the law was limited, and they received disrespectful and hostile treatment. Even though sex workers did not manage to stop the law from passing, they are not powerless, and continue the effort to resist it both in and out of the Knesset.