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Human Rights and Social Work
(2023)
This report contains the outcomes of the symposium “Human Rights and Social Work: Critical Approaches for Social Work Education across Europe”. It took place in Ghent (Belgium) in the autumn of 2022. The symposium was funded by the European Association of Schools of Social Work and initiated by its Special Interest Group “Human Rights and Social Work”. The symposium’s objectives were to gain insights into how human rights are implemented in social work study programmes and how human rights education takes place in individual programmes through the inputs of social work lecturers and researchers. Furthermore, it aimed to promote exchange among the participants from across Europe.
The project report provides an overview of the implementation of human rights into social work curricula at selected European universities. In addition, it summarizes key findings from the presentations and draws general conclusions on how human rights education can be further strengthened in social work study programmes.
How is tolerance reflected in urban space? Which urban actors are involved in the practices and narratives of tolerance? What are the limits of tolerance? The edited volume answers these questions by considering different forms of urban in/exclusion and participatory citizenship. By drawing together disparate yet critical writings, Doing Tolerance examines the production of space, urban struggles and tactics of power from an interdisciplinary perspective. Illustrating the paradoxes within diverse interactions, the authors focus on the conflict between heterogeneous groups of the governed, on the one hand, and the governing in urban spaces, on the other. Above all, the volume explores the divergences and convergences of participatory citizenship, as they are revealed in urban space through political, socio-economic and cultural conditions and the entanglements of social mobilities.
The position paper provides a basis for professional ethical and professional self-understanding in social work with refugees and for socio-political demands that contribute to demanding the necessary framework conditions. It specifies standards, required knowledge, skills and attitudes, points out the necessary employment conditions and problematises requirements that are contrary to the mandate. In this way, it encourages quality development processes in the field of work that are more strongly oriented towards the needs of those who use them, i.e. the refugees themselves.
Background
Simulations are part of nursing education. To obtain good results, simulation facilitators need to be competent in simulation pedagogy. Part of this study was the transcultural adaptation and validation of the Facilitator Competency Rubric into German (FCRG) and the evaluation of the factors associated with higher competencies.
Method
A written-standardized cross-sectional survey was conducted. N = 100 facilitators (mean age: 41.0 (9.8), female: 75.3%) participated. Test–re-test, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and ANOVAs were conducted to evaluate the reliability and validity of, and the factors associated with, FCRG. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values > .9 indicate excellent reliability.
Results
The FCRG achieved good intra-rater reliability (all ICC > .934). A moderate correlation (Spearman-rho .335, p < .001) with motivation indicates convergent validity. The CFA showed sufficient to good model fits (CFI = .983 and SRMR = .016). Basic simulation pedagogy training is associated with higher competencies (p = .036, b = 17.766).
Conclusion
The FCRG is a suitable self-assessment tool for evaluating a facilitator’s competence in nursing simulation.
Background
Evidence shows that living with diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) in adolescent age is particularly challenging and difficult to manage. A high level of health literacy is important to prevent and avoid debilitating complications. Despite the increasing prevalence and incidence of T1DM by adolescent and the large use of digital
health interventions, little is known about the association between this use and health literacy. This systematic review provides an overview on the impact of digital health interventions for adolescents with type 1 diabetes on health literacy and derive recommendations for further research.
Methods
Electronic searches were performed in five databases in Medline (Medline, PubMed + via PubMed), The Cochrane Library, EMBASE (via Ovid), Web of Science and PsycINFO from 2011 to 2021. In addition, grey literature searches were conducted in Google Scholar, OAlster and Trip. Relevant studies that have been missed by electronic and hand-searching strategies were searched in the reference lists of all included studies. The review followed PRISMA guidelines. Two researchers independently screened abstracts for initial eligibility and applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria to the relevant full-text articles. Quality was assessed using the tools RoB2 Cochrane, ROBINS I, NOS (Newcastle–Ottawa Scale), CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme) for primary studies and Amstar-2 for secondary
studies.
Results
Out of 981 studies, 22 were included in the final review. Most primary studies included in this review were judged as moderate overall risk of bias or with some concerns and most of the secondary studies as critically low quality reviews. Our findings suggest that the interplay of health care providers (HCP) and patients through social media helps the management of the disease. This corroborates Bröder et al.’ (2017) dimension of ‘communication and interactions’ in their concept of health literacy.
Conclusions
For adolescents with T1DM, social media may be a specific and beneficial intervention for an improved communication and interaction with their HCP. Further research should investigate what specific form of social media suits best for which adolescents.
Trial registration
The study protocol was registered on the 15th of November 2021 on Prospero (reg. NR: CRD42021282199).
Aim
Alcohol-related illnesses represent a major burden and challenge to families and pose health risks for all involved. Therefore, health promotion attempts need to focus on these vulnerable families and identify effective interventions. A systematic review was conducted of approaches to health promotion and prevention and their effectiveness for families with addiction concerns. The
review focused on parental alcohol dependency.
Subject and methods
A systematic search of relevant databases was conducted, followed by a multistep screening process
and a narrative synthesis of results.
Results
A total of 20 studies were included that evaluated 14 intervention programmes. The main target group was children
with any form of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and their caregivers. The study sample was dominated by behavioural
approaches. The evidence base was heterogeneous. There was limited evidence of the effectiveness of combined counselling
and coaching interventions that aimed to strengthen psychosocial resources.
Conclusion
The robustness of the results is limited by the moderate methodological quality of the studies. Because of the
search strategy, which focused on studies with outcomes for parents with alcohol dependence, and the systematic review
methodology, almost all studies reviewed featured behavioural prevention interventions. Very few studies provided specific
information on the effectiveness of interventions for alcohol-dependent parents with a focus on environmental changes. The
selected approach provided a limited mapping of the field of interest. However, these review findings provide the foundation for an evidence-based approach to health promotion for families with parental alcohol dependence.
The goal of this in-depth interview study was to gain knowledge about important, needed and developed competencies ofexecutives. Supplementary design factors and implementation barriers were examined as framework conditions for compe-tency development. The study (N= 66) gathers information from three different subject groups: executives (n= 22), freelancetrainers (n= 23), and corporate HR professionals responsible for executive development (n= 21). A total of 13 importantcompetencies were extracted from the answers of all respondents. Groups agreed on five competencies (leading, communi-cation, achievement motivation, organizing and strategy, social influence) which are therefore classified as needed. Design fac-tors and implementation barriers were classified, ranked according to relevance and evaluated in general and on a group-specific basis. The two most important design factors mentioned by all subject groups are: 1) to ensure the practical rele-vance of development programs; and 2) to include time for discussion and reflection. The three most common barriers aredaily business, conflicting old habits and lack of motivation. Results also show that other competencies are also developed,but are not classified as needed (e.g., openness for novelty, and self-reflection). These findings provide insight and guidancefor creating training and development programs for sales executives that focus on the competencies that are needed andhow these can be developed.
Activation is an efficacious policy paradigm in modern welfare states. Taking the case of Germany, we study the relationship between the embeddedness of benefit recipients in activating labor market institutions and individual labor supply. Using panel data, we estimate the effects of transitions between key institutional states with different degrees of activation on reservation wages (RWs). We show that RWs react to activation: the transition from gainful employment to unemployment benefit receipt leads to an average decrease of 3.1% in RWs. The transition from gainful employment to welfare benefit receipt—an institutional state with far more rigorous activation—leads to a stronger decrease of 4.9%. Mediation analyses show that the income associated with different institutional states is the predominant mechanism that drives the effect on RWs. However, subjective social status also partly mediates the effect. Implications of these findings for active labor market policies are discussed.
Medication management for chronically ill older adults with a history of migration can be associated with specific challenges, for instance language barriers. This study examined healthcare provider perspectives on interprofessional cooperation and digital medication management tools as approaches for increasing medication safety for chronically ill older adults of Turkish descent in Germany. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 healthcare providers, including general practitioners, pharmacists, a geriatric consultant, a hospital social worker, and an expert on digitalization in nursing care. The interviews were analyzed by means of qualitative structuring content analysis. This article presents selected results of the analysis relating to medication management, barriers to optimal medication management, interprofessional cooperation, and digital tools. Compliance was perceived to be high among chronically ill older adults of Turkish descent and the involvement of family members in medication management was rated positively by respondents. Barriers to medication management were identified in relation to health literacy and language barriers, systemic problems such as short appointments and generic substitution, and racism on behalf of healthcare providers. Additionally, the respondents highlighted structural barriers to interprofessional communication in the German healthcare system. Furthermore, two technology acceptance models presented in this article to illustrate the respondents' perspectives on a) a digital application for medication management to be used by chronically ill older adults of Turkish descent and b) a digital tool for interprofessional communication. The discussion highlights the implications of the results for medication management within the German healthcare system.
Family caregivers of migrants with dementia constitute a population group that is hard to reach for research participation due to factors such as shame about the disease and past experiences of discrimination. In this article, research-ethical challenges associated with participant recruitment and qualitative data collection among relatives of migrants with dementia are discussed. Over a period of 8 years, 3 studies were conducted to investigate the experiences of family caregivers for persons with dementia of Turkish descent in Germany. Across these studies, a total of 32 family caregivers were interviewed. In this article, based on the “Principles of Biomedical Ethics” according to Beauchamp and Childress (2009), research-ethical conflicts associated with sampling methods and the presence of third parties during qualitative interviews are discussed. The potential risks emanating from sampling strategies and the presence of third parties during interviews regarding the voluntary nature of study participation are examined. Additionally, this article formulates recommendations for ensuring truly voluntary participation and protecting both the participants (family caregivers) and relatives with dementia from harm. These practical recommendations aim to help future researchers to avoid ethical pitfalls and represent a roadmap for making necessary methodological decisions.
Design:Across-sectional study was conducted inDecember 2020/January 2021 in the five significant cities of Germany.
Sample: 135 of 244 identified service institutions took part in the evaluation.
Measurements: This evaluation included changes in institutions’ operating hours as well as capacity for homeless people. Service institutions described changes in guests’ characteristics, moods, and mental burden. Finally, equipment including face masks, coveralls, and gloves was investigated. In addition, the study examined how the cooperation with the health authorities works.
Results: Institutions reduced their operating hours and capacity for guests (62.4%). Increased costs, which they had to cover themselves, were reported by 70.9% of institutions. Institutions reported, that guests showed more symptoms of aggression (15%), anxiety (25%), and desperation (32%) and fewer signs of being relaxed (75%). The institutions reported room for improvement in PPE supplies and collaboration with health authorities.
Conclusions: Services are limited for a vulnerable population, which shows changes in moods and mental health. Health authorities are not sufficiently engaged to take over the role of institutions in caring for homeless people. In the future, in-depth investigation to improve this is necessary.
Connections of personality and career success factors like obtained wages are
well documented. Important cognitive wage-related outcomes such as wage
expectations or the acceptance wage, i.e., the minimum acceptable wage for
individuals to take on a job, are neglected by empirical research. This study
proposes an integrated theoretical framework of personality effects on obtained,
expected, and accepted wages. We empirically test this framework using the
German PASS survey data (N = 5.636) of working age that contains personality
measures as well as wage measures. We replicate previous studies that showed
direct effects of extraversion and neuroticism on obtained wages. Extending this
causal chain to expected and accepted wages, we demonstrate that both
personality traits are associated with expected and accepted wages trough an
indirect effect via obtained wages. For extraversion, however not for neuroticism,
we show that even when controlling for obtained wage, a direct effect of this
personality trait on expected and accepted wages prevails. We discuss the results
in terms of relationships of personality to exaggerated wage expectations and
extraversion.
This research examined the legislative process that led to the passing of the new Prohibition on Consumption of Prostitution law (temporary order) in Israel, focusing on the participation of sex workers in this process. It aimed to get a deeper understanding of the different voices that took part in the discussion, and specifically the role that sex workers voices played in the debate. Data was gathered both from interviews and documents and was analyzed thematically and through content analysis accordingly. The theoretical framework of the discussion was based on Foucault's perception of power and Gallagher's work on participation. The findings indicated that the main narrative represented in the legislation process was a radical feminist narrative, led by politicians, activists, and aid service workers. Prostitution survivors who used aid services were invited to participate; however, the participation of sex workers who opposed the law was limited, and they received disrespectful and hostile treatment. Even though sex workers did not manage to stop the law from passing, they are not powerless, and continue the effort to resist it both in and out of the Knesset.
Parents Asking Parents – An Inclusive Architecture for Local Research Co-operation in Germany
(2018)
Für einen über Erasmus+ organisierten Austausch mit der Western Norway University of Applied Sciences in Bergen/Norwegen im März 2018 wurde die erste ElfE-Förderphase (2015-2018) im Überblick dargestellt. Auf dem Poster finden sich Informationen zu den Projektzielen, der Projektstruktur, dem Peerforschungsprozess sowie zu den Ergebnissen in abstrahierter Form.
The demand for professional physiotherapy is evident worldwide. Members of Alice Salomon University of Applied Sciences Berlin (ASH) visited Gambia´s capital Banjul to meet colleagues at Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital in February 2019. The delegation around Heidi Höppner, professor for physiotherapy at ASH, intended to get an impression on how physiotherapy and general healthcare are organized and conducted under scarce resources in the West African state. The movie shows the efforts to educate future professionals in the field and to expand the infrastructure of the only teaching institution for physiotherapy in Gambia. In short interviews with administrators, teachers, students and delegates similarities and differences to the German healthcare system are addressed and interpreted. The visit was founded by the DAAD.