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Although research on public service motivation (PSM) is vast, there is little evidence regarding the effects of PSM on observable behavior. This article contributes to the understanding of the behavioral implications of PSM by investigating whether PSM is associated with prosocial behavior. Moreover, it addresses whether and how the behavior of other group members influences this relationship. The article uses the experimental setting of the public goods game, run with a sample of 263 students, in combination with survey‐based PSM measures. A positive link is found between PSM and prosocial behavior. This relationship is moderated by the behavior of other group members: high‐PSM people act even more prosocially when the other members of the group show prosocial behavior as well, but they do not do so if the behavior of other group members is not prosocial.
Handlungsorientierter Leitfaden zum erfolgreichen Management von Kooperationen zwischen Wissenschaft und Industrie.
Liefert Impulse für Forschungsmanager, Wissenschaftler, Projektträger und Partner aus Politik und Wirtschaft.
Wissenschaftlich fundierte und in der Praxis erprobte Erkenntnisse aus prämierter Forschungsarbeit.
a documentation and analysis of every-day practices in berlins the modernist housing estates from the seminar `architecture city space´(ACS): whose architecture? whose city?:
whose architecture? whose city? modernist.housing.estates.berlin
architecture city space seminar winter 2014 / 2015
brandenburgische technische universität
lehrstuhl baukonstruktion und entwerfen / lehrstuhl entwerfen und gebäudekunde
concept: Katrin Rheingans / Lukas Staudinger
Hufeisensiedlung - LIVING (THE) HERITAGE? - Katarzyna Berent / Barbara Tusk
Weisse Stadt - SOUND AND SPACE PERCEPTION - Gabrielle Grasnick / Marta Mancini
Siemensstadt - THE SOCIAL BALCONY - Karolina Grenda / Miran Oh
Hufeisensiedlung - FLANERIE - Marina Petrova / Anna Titova
Siedlung Schillerpark - PERCEPTION OF ORNAMENTATION - Lea Brönner / Lindsay Langstaff
Weisse Stadt - PUBLIC DIALOGUES INDOOR - Anna Kozlova / Evgeniya Panova
Wohnstadt Carl Legien - WHOSE SPACE? PRIVATE OR PUBLIC - Karina Golubenko / Frederike Weissleder
Handlungsorientierter Leitfaden zum erfolgreichen Management von Kooperationen zwischen Wissenschaft und Industrie.
Liefert Impulse für Forschungsmanager, Wissenschaftler, Projektträger und Partner aus Politik und Wirtschaft.
Wissenschaftlich fundierte und in der Praxis erprobte Erkenntnisse aus prämierter Forschungsarbeit.
Energy debates in the public sphere are often loaded with emotions. This is especially so following energy catastrophes which call for a more thorough understanding of affective rationality in the energy context. This research contributes to this effort by carrying out an in-depth effort to capture qualitative imageries and quantitative imagery-specific affect associated with nuclear, coal, natural gas, solar, and wind energy sources. Additionally, a detailed analysis of changes to energy imageries and imagery-specific affect in the aftermath of an energy catastrophe (i.e., Fukushima nuclear accident) is carried out. Two hundred and seventy-five German young adults took part in the study between December 2010 and January 2011 (before the Fukushima incident) while 452 young adults participated in the second round of the study between May and August 2011 (after the Fukushima incident). Word associations are used to elicit mental imageries and affect toward multiple energy sources. Content-analysis of imageries and quantitative analysis of the affective evaluation of such imageries revealed several interesting findings. Results provide insights into aspects of each energy source eliciting high levels of concern/support (as indicated by imageries associated with strong negative/positive affect). The robust association of each energy source with particular imageries is found to remain persistent after the Fukushima nuclear accident. While no change in affect toward nuclear and wind imageries are observed, some changes in affect toward imageries associated with coal, natural gas and solar are found. Nevertheless, the observed stability in the majority of qualitative imageries and quantitative imagery-specific affect after the Fukushima incident suggests that affective energy imageries are deeply anchored in people’s minds and point to a potential lock-in of affective mental associations in the energy context. Implications for future research, policy, and managerial decision-makers are discussed.
This study represents an in-depth effort to investigate divergence and multidimensionality in energy evaluations. Two forms of evaluative responses are investigated, namely affective energy perception and cognitive energy beliefs. Specifically, we assessed the role of education background and gender in influencing affective energy perception. Additionally, we examined for multidimensionality in cognitive energy beliefs, 399 university students from engineering and business disciplines and students from a non-university institution participated in a survey in 2011 to assess their affective energy perception as well as their beliefs of social, economic and environmental harms and benefits associated with diverse energy sources. Findings relating to nuclear and fossil-based (i.e., coal, natural gas and oil) energy sources are presented in this paper. Analyses indicate significant divergence in affect towards nuclear energy between young adults from different education disciplines and levels. Findings are also suggestive of an additive effect of education background and gender on energy perception. Furthermore, participants not only significantly differentiated between social, economic and environmental dimensions in their energy beliefs, they also exhibited a general confounding of harm and benefit beliefs. Implications for energy management and interdisciplinary energy research collaborations are discussed.
Past energy development decisions can influence and constrain future choices, leading to a lock-in to a certain energy development path. As a large socio-technical system, such lock-in effects in an energy system extend beyond the techno-institutional environments to its human dimension. This paper represents an exploratory attempt to bridge the gap between individual and group level analyses of the human side of energy systems. A mix-methods study investigated how French engineering students view nuclear energy and why nuclear energy is perceived the way it is. Sixty-seven students participated in a survey and forty-three of them additionally took part in focus groups. Survey findings showed that participants not only strongly associated nuclear energy with specific imageries; they also exhibited a positive perceptual bias toward nuclear energy. Through focus group discussions, we identified six factors contributing to the observed positive nuclear perception namely historical development, education system, political environment, economy, media coverage and societal influences. These factors constitute sources of lock-in and represent barriers to societal support of energy developments that has relevance beyond France and nuclear energy. Implications of study findings for future research and energy decision-makers engaged in the task of changing a nation's energy system are discussed.
Here we present a dataset with a description of portrayed emotions in the movie ”Forrest Gump”. A total of 12 observers independently annotated emotional episodes regarding their temporal location and duration. The nature of an emotion was characterized with basic attributes, such as arousal and valence, as well as explicit emotion category labels. In addition, annotations include a record of the perceptual evidence for the presence of an emotion. Two variants of the movie were annotated separately: 1) an audio-movie version of Forrest Gump that has been used as a stimulus for the acquisition of a large public functional brain imaging dataset, and 2) the original audio-visual movie. We present reliability and consistency estimates that suggest that both stimuli can be used to study visual and auditory emotion cue processing in real-life like situations. Raw annotations from all observers are publicly released in full in order to maximize their utility for a wide range of applications and possible future extensions. In addition, aggregate time series of inter-observer agreement with respect to particular attributes of portrayed emotions are provided to facilitate adoption of these data.
A Numerical Approach to the Solution of Dynamic Boundary Value Problems for Fluid-Saturated Solids
(2015)
A dynamic boundary value problem for a fluid-saturated solid can be represented as two coupled boundary value problems for one-phase media. This allows us to solve the problem with a commercial computer program without a built-in procedure for the solution of dynamic problems with non-zero permeability, provided that the user is able to establish the required coupling between the two problems. This approach has been implemented in the present paper with the computer program Abaqus/Standard using the dynamic analysis for one-phase media as a built-in procedure without the need to construct a user-defined finite element.
A FE implementation in the commercial program ABAQUS® of the high cycle accumulation model for sand is discussed. Due to the large gradients of the predicted accumulation, elements with enhanced assumed strains are used. Application of EAS to constitutive models formulated in rates (incrementally non-linear and path dependent) requires, apart from return mapping and equilibrium iterations, an additional iterative process for determination of the enhanced strain. It is demonstrated that EAS elements can cope well with difficult accumulation fields and with the strong material nonlinearity as required by the HCA model.
Der vorliegende Artikel thematisiert die Fragestellungen, wie Altersbilder entstehen und welche individuellen und gesellschaftlichen Bedingungen ihnen zugrunde liegen. Dafür wird die Theorie der psychosozialen Entwicklung von Erik H. Erikson (1902-1994) einerseits unter dem Aspekt analysiert, wie Alter konzeptionalisiert wird und andererseits, wie sich diese Konzeptionalisierung mit zunehmendem Alter Eriksons verändert hat. Als Ergebnis lassen sich vier Phasen der Auseinandersetzung mit dem Alter in Eriksons Werk ausmachen, die sich jeweils dem Alterslob, der Altersschelte, dem Alterstrost und der Altersklage zuordnen lassen. Abschließend wird Joan M. Eriksons Konzept der Gerotranscendance vorgestellt, das als (tröstende) Lösung und Loslösung von altersbedingten Konflikten gesehen werden kann.
The aim of this paper is to achieve a better understanding of the impact of bilingualism on children, considering the dimensions of languages, language use and identity. Since 2009, we have been observing German-Brazilian children in an institutional out-of-home-setting in Bonn, Germany, as a case study. Our main question is: “which role does bilingualism play in constructing children’s identities?” The research techniques are participant observation and informal interviews with families. The results show the need of an updated concept that enables us to understand interactions between languages, cultures and societies. This paper represents a work in progress and is submitted as a contribution to the wider ongoing project of developing the concept of “ Mehrraum ” as an added value space.
In der Kindertagespflege können Menschen auch ohne pädagogische Vorbildung im Anschluss an eine Umschulung tätig sein. Für die betreffenden Personen handelt es sich um eine neue berufliche Perspektive und einen nicht-normativen Übergang. Mithilfe der Analyse narrativ-fokussierter Interviews mit zwei Tagesmüttern soll der Frage nach den Motiven nachgegangen werden, die der Entscheidung für diese berufliche Neuorientierung zugrunde liegen.
Helga Sedlmayer, Große Thermen, Palästra, Macellum und Schola im Zentrum der Colonia Carnuntum
(2015)
In diesem Beitrag wird nach einer berufspädagogischen Einordnung und theoretischen Begründung ein Gesamtkonzept eines Entwicklungs- und Prüfungsportfolios über drei Mastersemester in der beruflichen Lehrerbildung der Gesundheits- und Pflegewissenschaft vorgestellt. Das Konzept wurde von der Autorin entwickelt und mit der Arbeitsgruppe der Fachdidaktik der Gesundheits- und Pflegewissenschaft an der TUM School of Education an der Technischen Universität München erfolgreich umgesetzt. Es wurde auf dem Lernweltenkongress in Berlin 2014 zusammen mit drei Lehramtsstudierenden des 8. und 9. Fachsemesters präsentiert.
Die Sprache gilt als wesentliche Schlüsselkompetenz, welche sich auf nahezu alle anderen Entwicklungsbereiche eines Kindes auswirkt. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es nicht verwunderlich, dass die kindliche Sprachentwicklung unter besonderer elterlicher, erzieherischer und ärztlicher Beobachtung steht. In der nationalen Fachliteratur wird immer wieder zur Diskussion gestellt, dass die Zahl von Sprachentwicklungsstörungen einschließlich der daraus resultierenden Lern- und Verhaltensstörungen in den letzten Jahren drastisch angestiegen sei. Um dieser Frage nachzugehen, wurden die vollständigen Datensätze des Kinder- und Jugendärztlichen Dienstes (KJÄD) der Einschulungsuntersuchungen der Jahre 2008/2009, 2009/2010 und 2010/2011 des Gesundheitsamtes Dresden ausgewertet. Für die Erfassung von Sprachentwicklungsauffälligkeiten kommt seit dem Schuljahr 2004/05 das Screening des Entwicklungsstandes S-ENS zum Einsatz. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die aktuellen Prävalenzraten kindlicher Sprachentwicklungsauffälligkeiten in Dresden zu ermitteln. Für die Beurteilung möglicher sozialer Einflüsse auf die Sprachentwicklung wurde ein weiterer unabhängiger Datensatz der Kommunalen Bürgerumfrage aus dem Jahr 2010 hinzugezogen. Die Ergebnisse bestätigten im Untersuchungszeitraum einen leichten Anstieg der auffälligen Testergebnisse des KJÄD von insgesamt 2,8 Prozent, welcher zwischen den einzelnen Ortsämtern sehr stark divergiert. Der Extremgruppenvergleich zeigte anhand der Daten der KBU mögliche Hinweise für soziale Einflüsse auf die Sprachentwicklung des Kindes auf. Die Ergebnisse unterscheiden sich mit 12,5 Prozent zwischen den Punktwertresultaten des S-ENS und der Gesamtbeurteilung des Sprachergebnisses der Ärzte deutlich. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit bestätigen keinen eindeutigen Anstieg der kindlichen Sprachauffälligkeiten in Dresden. Eine weitere Erfassung des Sprachstandes mit Hilfe des S-ENS sollte kritisch überdacht werden. Ein kausaler Einfluss sozioökonomischer Faktoren auf die Sprachentwicklung war anhand der Datensätze nicht beurteilbar und sollte in weiteren Studien untersucht werden.
Aktuelle Studien und populärwissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen weisen auf einen Rückgang motorischer Fähigkeiten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen hin. Dadurch ist, forciert durch die Verfolgung unterschiedlicher Interessen, ein Bild des generellen motorischen Leistungsverlustes entstanden, das mit Blick auf die gesellschaftliche Leistungsfähigkeit unter anderem physiotherapeutische Interventionen im Vorschulbereich postuliert. Die hier vorliegende Studie widmet sich dieser Thematik und untersucht den Status konditioneller Fähigkeiten von Vorschulkindern. Dabei wurden ausgewählte Kindergärten des Großraumes Dresden mittels Deutschem Motorik – Test unter weitestgehend standardisierten Feldbedingungen analysiert. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass im Bereich der konditionellen Fähigkeiten nur die Kraftausdauer der Bauchmuskulatur und die aerobe Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit Defizite aufweisen.
Letzteres verdeutlicht sich signifikant bei 6-jährigen Vorschulkindern, die in altersgemischten Gruppen betreut werden. Insgesamt ist zu schlussfolgern, dass ein weit angelegter Einsatz physiotherapeutischer Interventionen für die gezogene Stichprobe im Bereich der Dimension „konditionelle Fähigkeiten“ nicht notwendig ist. Unter primärpräventivem Charakter ist aber die Kräftigung der Bauchmuskulatur (hier Kraftausdauer) und die Verbesserung der aeroben Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit nachzusteuern.
A standardization lacking and the insufficient attention to quality criteria analysis when using therapeutic assessments lead to not loadable intervention results. Therefore these investigations must represent the basis for any uses of assessment. The goniometry is inevitable for the documentation of the mobility of joints. The kind of test procedures and their quality are however most contentious. The present study examined in a three-way blinded, randomized test-retest design, with for each n=10 test person and k=20 examiners, the intertester reliability (IER) and Intratester reliability (IAR) of the measuring procedures: “short and long goniometer”, “visual estimation”, “electrical goniometer” and “Vitronic Body Scanner with and without localization markers”. For the test procedures short, long and electrical goniometer weak IER and IAR (ICC 0,05). A diffuse international data situation makes a closing classification of the results more difficult and suggests the necessity for a high-quality meta-analysis to the topic.
Cold therapy is a common postoperative treatment that is applied in different forms. Many studies reported which influence different refrigerant have on lowering the skin temperature, to the sensation of pain and the reabsorbing edema. In conclusion it can be stated that a lack of quality and low number of available studies, the efficacy of cryotherapy do not assign and the application after hip and knee arthroplasty is even contradictory. Striking are the various types of information with regard to the duration of application, shape and intensity. Because of the missing evidence for sensibility of application intensity this study aimed to determine influential parameters with moderate cold (11°C) for improving the intensity control. 15 healthy subjects aged 23.2±1.26 were tested. The parameters BMI, fat mass and muscle mass were recorded. All subjects received a cold application by the invented and developed IceCube at the right knee joint for 15 minutes. The temperature was measured for six times with an infrared thermometer at five standardized points of the knee joint. During application and till the last measurement subjects were immobilized. The applied cold application resulted in a significant decrease of temperature in all measuring points concerning the pre-post-comparison. 20 minutes after removing the cuff significant temperature increases in 3 measurement points, still keeping below starting level, were remarked. Furthermore it is evident that the temperature differences of the muscular measuring points are significantly higher than those of the not muscular measuring points. Besides a higher fat portion leads due to the isolation effect in relation to musculature to significantly fewer variations in temperature. This realization is to be considered for an adequate intensity regulation. In order to confirm the force of expression of the results, it requires further investigations with higher test person numbers.
In the context with the high meaning of work for the human, the enormous job-specific demands on psychophysical performance and the need for a rapid return to working life in case of injury or disease, the importance of the diagnosis of occupational performance in therapy is high. Diagnostically and therapeutically challenging to workers are mainly the biomechanical, the sensomotoric and psychosocial strain in the workplace. In case of illness with rehabilitative requirements should therefore medical therapy be dovetailed with work and work-related activities. That connection is a necessary development of rehabilitative care system in Germany, not least in view of the legal order of the German Pension Insurance to help injured patients and to support their return to work. In the work-related orientation of medical rehabilitation is the professional life of rehabilitation involved in all phases of therapy. The instruments for the diagnosis of occupational problems are both objectively and subjectively oriented Questionnaires with external and self-assessment, FCE systems (functional capacity evaluation) and medical documentation systems. The Ergos® Work Simulator is a psychophysical FCE system, which captures the individual motor skills in relation to the performance of job-specific requirement profiles. The evaluation of job performance is based on a profile pool of about 14,000 professional activities. The tests are standardized and analyze frequent physical aspects of the work (eg lifting, carrying) to ensure a realistic assessment.
We propose a new heuristic approach to overcome convergence order restrictions implied by the low regularity of the optimal control due to the activity interface of control constraints. Aligning the mesh with the interface yields an improved approximation of the control. Utility of the approach is demonstrated by numerical experiments.
Using the on-state-Vbe,sat-voltage for temperature estimation of SiC-BJTs during normal operation
(2015)
Temperature measurement of power semiconductor devices in real-life application is a desired goal to implement health monitoring methods like thermal impedance spectroscopy. During on-state, the base-emitter voltage of current driven SiC bipolar transistors shows dependency on the collector current but also on the temperature. It is planned to measure the virtual junction temperature of a SiC-BJT through electric sensitive parameters during onstate.
Sequentielle Genogrammarbeit
(2015)
Das Nachschlagewerk erfasst relevante Stichwörter für die Soziale Arbeit in Praxis und Forschung aus dem Bereich der Rekonstruktiven Sozialen Arbeit mit engem Bezug zur qualitativ-rekonstruktiven Sozialforschung. Es enthält außerdem einen Serviceteil mit weiterführenden Informationen rund um die Rekonstruktive Soziale Arbeit sowie zusammenfassende Beiträge von bedeutsamen Klassikerstudien. Ein unverzichtbares Arbeitsmittel für alle, die in der Sozialen Arbeit rekonstruktiv arbeiten und sich in diesem Feld weiter engagieren möchten.
Most of the dozens of essential climate variables monitored each year in this report continued to follow their long-term trends in 2014, with several setting new records. Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—the major greenhouse gases released into Earth’s atmosphere—once again all reached record high average atmospheric concentrations for the year. Carbon dioxide increased by 1.9 ppm to reach a globally averaged value of 397.2 ppm for 2014. Altogether, 5 major and 15 minor greenhouse gases contributed 2.94 W m–2 of direct radiative forcing, which is 36% greater than their contributions just a quarter century ago.
Accompanying the record-high greenhouse gas concentrations was nominally the highest annual global surface temperature in at least 135 years of modern record keeping, according to four independent observational analyses. The warmth was distributed widely around the globe's land areas, Europe observed its warmest year on record by a large margin, with close to two dozen countries breaking their previous national temperature records; many countries in Asia had annual temperatures among their 10 warmest on record; Africa reported above-average temperatures across most of the continent throughout 2014; Australia saw its third warmest year on record, following record heat there in 2013; Mexico had its warmest year on record; and Argentina and Uruguay each had their second warmest year on record. Eastern North America was the only major region to observe a below-average annual temperature.
But it was the oceans that drove the record global surface temperature in 2014. Although 2014 was largely ENSO-neutral, the globally averaged sea surface temperature (SST) was the highest on record. The warmth was particularly notable in the North Pacific Ocean where SST anomalies signaled a transition from a negative to positive phase of the Pacific decadal oscillation. In the winter of 2013/14, unusually warm water in the northeast Pacific was associated with elevated ocean heat content anomalies and elevated sea level in the region. Globally,
upper ocean heat content was record high for the year, reflecting the continued increase of thermal energy in the oceans, which absorb over 90% of Earth’s excess heat from greenhouse gas forcing. Owing to both ocean warming and land ice melt contributions, global mean sea level in 2014 was also record high and 67 mm greater than the 1993 annual mean, when satellite altimetry measurements began. Sea surface salinity trends over the past decade indicate that salty regions grew saltier while fresh regions became fresher, suggestive of an increased
hydrological cycle over the ocean expected with global warming. As in previous years, these patterns are reflected in 2014 subsurface salinity anomalies as well. With a now decade-long trans-basin instrument array along 26°N, the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation shows a decrease in transport of –4.2 ± 2.5 Sv decade–1.
Precipitation was quite variable across the globe. On balance, precipitation over the world’s oceans was above average, while below average across land surfaces. Drought continued in southeastern Brazil and the western United States. Heavy rain during April–June led to devastating floods in Canada’s Eastern Prairies. Above-normal summer monsoon rainfall was observed over the southern coast of West Africa, while drier conditions prevailed over the eastern Sahel. Generally, summer monsoon rainfall over eastern Africa was above normal, except in parts of western South Sudan and Ethiopia. The south Asian summer
monsoon in India was below normal, with June record dry.
Across the major tropical cyclone basins, 91 named storms were observed during 2014, above the 1981–2010 global average of 82. The Eastern/Central Pacific and South Indian Ocean basins experienced significantly above-normal activity in 2014; all other basins were either at or below normal. The 22 named storms in the Eastern/Central Pacific was the basin's most since 1992. Similar to 2013, the North Atlantic season was quieter than most years of the last two decades with respect to the number of storms, despite the absence of El Niño conditions during both years.
In higher latitudes and at higher elevations, increased warming to be visible in the decline of glacier mass balance, increasing permafrost temperatures, and a deeper thawing layer in seasonally frozen soil. In the Arctic, the 2014 temperature over land areas was the fourth highest in the 115-year period of record and snow melt occurred 20–30 days earlier than the 1998–2010 average. The Greenland Ice Sheet experienced extensive melting in summer 2014. The extent of melting was above the 1981–2010 average for 90% of the melt season, contributing to the second lowest average summer albedo over Greenland since observations began in 2000 and a record-low albedo across the ice sheet for August. On the North Slope of Alaska, new record high temperatures at 20-m depth were measured at four of five permafrost observatories.
In September, Arctic minimum sea ice extent was the sixth lowest since satellite records began in 1979. The eight lowest sea ice extents during this period have occurred in the last eight years. Conversely, in the Antarctic, sea ice extent countered its declining trend and set several new records in 2014, including record high monthly mean sea ice extent each month from April to November. On 20 September, a record large daily Antarctic sea ice extent of 20.14 × 106 km2 occurred.
The 2014 Antarctic stratospheric ozone hole was 20.9 million km2 when averaged from 7 September to 13 October, the sixth smallest on record and continuing a decrease, albeit statistically insignificant, in area since 1998.
A New Class of Quality Controls for Micrometeorological Data in Complex Tropical Environments
(2015)
Quality control is a particularly demanding problem for micrometeorological studies in complex environments. With the transition to electronic sensing and storage of climate data in high temporal resolution, traditional approaches of homogenization are insufficient for addressing the small-scale variability and spatial heterogeneity of the data. This problem can be successfully addressed by introducing a new class of control procedures based on the physical and climatological relations between different climate variables. The new approach utilizes knowledge about the interdependency of air temperature, precipitation, radiation, relative air humidity, cloud cover, and visibility to develop empirical functions for determining the probability margins for the co-occurrence of specific conditions in tropical mountains and deserts. It can also be applied to other geographic settings by adjusting the parameters derived from the data itself. All procedures are integrated into a processing chain with feedback loops and combined with conventional logical and statistical checks, which enables it to detect small errors that normally pass unnoticed. The algorithms are also adapted to incorporate the short time steps of the original data to retain the potential for detailed process analyses.
Als Beitrag zu einer Veranstaltungsreihe zum zeitdiagnostischen Begriff der „Absoluten Gegenwart“ im Berliner Technoclub ://about blank und dem Leipziger Institut für Zukunft haben wir einen explorativen Stadtspaziergang um das Ostkreuz entwickelt und durchgeführt. Auf unserer Tour wollten wir zum einen den Thesen der ‚Absoluten Gegenwart‘ anhand gegenwärtiger Stadtentwicklungspraktiken an einem konkreten Ort nachgehen. Zum anderen wollten wir diese Gelegenheit nutzen, um über die in den letzten Jahren aufgekommene These, in Berlin vollzöge sich gegenwärtig ein Paradigmenwechsel hin zu einer ‚selbstgemachten‘ Stadtentwicklung ‚von unten‘ nachzudenken
Dieses Interview mit Yaşar Adnan Adanalı stellt das kollektive Datensammel- und Kartierungsprojekt The Networks of Dispossession (Netzwerke der Enteignung) vor, das die Zusammenhänge zwischen Stadtentwicklungsprojekten und der Konzentration von Kapital und Macht in der Türkei untersucht. Wie im Verlauf des Interviews deutlich wird, ist das dem Kartierungsprojekt zugrundeliegende Verständnis von Enteignung sehr breit angelegt. Es bezieht sich auf den Verlust von natürlichen Ressourcen, Stadträumen, Nachbarschaften, Wohnungen und Leben als Folge von Stadtentwicklungsprozessen.
Zur Klausur in die Wüste
(2015)
We study generalized parametric optimization problems in Banach spaces, given by continuously Fréchet differentiable mappings and some abstract constraints, in terms of local Lipschitz continuity of the optimal value function. Therefore, we make use of the well-known regularity condition by Kurcyusz, Robinson and Zowe, an inner semicontinuity property of the solution set mapping and some earlier results by Mordukhovich, Nam and Yen. The main theorem presents a handy formula which can be used in order to approximate the Clarke subdifferential of the optimal value function, provided that the conditions mentioned above are satisfied and hence the optimal value function is locally Lipschitz continuous. Throughout the paper we avoid any compactness assumptions.
Scapuladyskinesien
(2015)
Interrater reliability of the modified scapular assistance test with and without handheld weights
(2015)
Im Sommer des Jahres 1914 vollendet Maurice Ravel sein Klaviertrio im baskischen Küstenstädtchen Saint-Jean-de-Luz, unweit seines Geburtsorts Ciboure. Zwischen ausgedehnten Strandspaziergängen und kühlenden Bädern in den Fluten des Atlantiks kehrt Ravel in diesen Tagen immer wieder an seinen Schreibtisch zurück, um dem kammermusikalischen Gespräch zwischen Klavier, Violine und Violoncello zu seiner letztendlichen Form zu verhelfen. Dem geheimem Sog seiner kompositorischen Gedanken folgend, bringt er mit präzisen Strichen nach und nach seine innere musikalische Welt zu Papier.
Genau hundert Jahre später, im Sommer des Jahres 2014, brüte ich in einem Berliner Dachzimmer über Ravels vollendeter Partitur. Während ich meinen Blick immer wieder auf die vor mir liegenden Punkte, Balken und Bögen des ästhetischen Drucks aus dem Hause Durand hefte, glaube ich zuweilen, dass sich die unzähligen Zeichen auf wundersame Weise in mir zu bewegen beginnen; dann wieder scheinen sie kühl und reglos zu verharren wie der unnahbare Blick einer geheimnisvollen Sphinx. Wenn es mir gelingt, den tieferen Zusammenhang einer Notenfolge im Text aufzuspüren und die plastisch werdende Gestalt differenziert in mir abzubilden, durchschießt mich ein plötzliches Gefühl des Glücks; wenn ich den Faden verliere und mich endlos im Labyrinth der Zeichen verirre, tritt das Gegenteil ein und ich spüre ein tiefes Ungenügen an den beengenden Grenzen meiner musikalischen Vorstellungskraft. Glück und Unglück, Einsicht und Missverständnis, Bewegung und Stillstand: In den intensiv verrinnenden Stunden ziehen sie an mir vorüber, unberechenbar und wechselhaft wie das weiße Treiben der Wolken am blauen Sommerhimmel über mir. Im Durchleben dieses doppelten Schauspiels beginne ich zu ahnen, dass mein Ringen um die Wiedererweckung eines schlummernden Notentextes nicht nur Einiges mit Ravels zurückliegendem Schöpfungsprozess, sondern darüber hinaus auch so Manches mit einer ganz allgemeinen Kunst des Lebens zu tun haben könnte.
Das Brandenburger Tor strahlte im gleißenden Licht der Morgensonne, die beiden Fontänen sprudelten heiter in ihren Grünstreifen und die ersten Menschentrauben mäanderten bereits über den Boulevard Unter den Linden, als die Teilnehmer des Symposiums anlässlich des 65. Geburtstages von Ulrich Mahlert in hochsommerlicher Stimmung nach und nach aus allen Himmelsrichtungen eintrudelten. Ihr Weg führte sie an diesem Morgen des 17. Juli 2015 hinauf in die lichten und angenehm temperierten Räume des Max Liebermann Hauses, von wo aus ihr Blick wahlweise über den grünen Tiergarten auf der westlichen oder über die imposante Kulisse des Pariser Platzes auf der östlichen Seite schweifen konnte. Ein lebendiger Ort für eine lebendige Fragestellung: Musizieren und Glück, ein wenig schwebend in den hellen Etagen über dem geschichtsträchtigen Pflaster, ein zentrales Thema, behandelt im pulsierenden Herzen der Republik. Veranstaltet wurde das Symposium von der Universität der Künste Berlin in Kooperation mit der Stiftung Brandenburger Tor, der Pro Musica Viva – Maria Strecker-Daelen Stiftung und der Friedrich Stiftung. Mit großem Engagement organisiert und konzipiert wurde es von Katharina Bradler von der Universität der Künste Berlin im Verbund mit ihren Kollegen Martin Losert von der Universität Mozarteum Salzburg und Andrea Welte von der Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover.
Ecological modernist approaches to climate change are premised upon knowing carbon emissions. I ask how corporate environmental managers know and do carbon, i.e., shape the reality of emissions. I argue that for managers’ practical purposes carbon exists as malleable data. Based on ethnographic fieldwork over a period of 20 months in a Fortune 50 multinational corporation, I show that managers materially-discursively arrange heterogeneous entities – databases, files, paper, words, numbers – in and between office spaces, enabling them to stage emission facts as stable and singular. Employing Annemarie Mol’s work on multiplicity, I show that multiple enactments of carbon hang together not by an antecedent body (CO2) but through ongoing configurations of data practices. Disillusioning promissory economic discourses of ‘internalisation’, I demonstrate: Management is materially premised upon preventing purportedly internalised carbon realities from entering capitalist core processes. This undermines carbon economics’ realist promises. Staging some carbon realities as in control is premised upon managers’ ongoing, reflexive, partial and always situated configuration of, e.g., standards, formal meetings or digital data practices in which humans do carbon-as-data. Carbon practices are materially-discursively aligned, forming a configuration. This configuration effects carbon as a malleable and locally configurable space rather than as a closed fact. Reconstructing managers’ practices as configuring carbon-as-dataspace, I argue, allows grasping adequately the contingency and constraints of managing carbon as a particular material-discursive form of environment. In conclusion I generalise the environmental management office as a space that can be configured to stage, beyond carbon, other global environments as well.
We propose an analysis of environmental management (EM) as work and as practical activity. This approach enables empirical studies of the diverse ways in which professionals, scientists, NGO staffers, and activists achieve the partial manageability of specific “environments”. In this introduction, we sketch the debates in Human Geography, Management Studies, and Science and Technology Studies to which this special issue contributes. We identify the limits of understanding EM though the framework of ecological modernisation, and show how political ecology and work-place studies provide important departures towards a more critical approach. Developing these further, into a cosmopolitical direction, we propose studying EM as sets of socially and materially situated practices. This enables a shift away from established approaches which treat EM either as a toolbox whose efficiency has to be assessed, or as simply the implementation of dominant projects and the materialisation of hegemonic discourse. Such a shift renders EM as always messy practices of engagement, critique and improvisation. We conclude that studying the distributed and situated managing agencies, actors and their practices allows to imagine new forms of critical interventions.
We study the uniqueness of minimal liftings of cut-generating functions obtained from maximal lattice-free polyhedra. We prove a basic invariance property of unique minimal liftings for general maximal lattice-free polyhedra. This generalizes a previous result by Basu et al. (Math Oper Res 37(2):346–355, 2012) for simplicial maximal lattice-free polytopes, thus completely settling this fundamental question about lifting for maximal lattice-free polyhedra. We further give a very general iterative construction to get maximal lattice-free polyhedra with the unique-lifting property in arbitrary dimensions. This single construction not only obtains all previously known polyhedra with the unique-lifting property, but goes further and vastly expands the known list of such polyhedra. Finally, we extend characterizations from Basu et al. (2012) about lifting with respect to maximal lattice-free simplices to more general polytopes. These nontrivial generalizations rely on a number of results from discrete geometry, including the Venkov-Alexandrov-McMullen theorem on translative tilings and characterizations of zonotopes in terms of central symmetry of their faces.
Let ϕ be a real-valued valuation on the family of compact convex subsets of Rn and let K be a convex body in Rn. We introduce the ϕ-covariogram gK,ϕ of K as the function associating to each x∈Rn the value ϕ(K∩(K+x)). If ϕ is the volume, then gK,ϕ is the covariogram, extensively studied in various sources. When ϕ is a quermassintegral (e.g., surface area or mean width) gK,ϕ has been introduced by Nagel [26]. We study various properties of ϕ-covariograms, mostly in the case n=2 and under the assumption that ϕ is translation invariant, monotone, and even. We also consider the generalization of Matheron's covariogram problem to the case of ϕ-covariograms, that is, the problem of determining an unknown convex body K, up to translations and point reflections, by the knowledge of gK,ϕ. A positive solution to this problem is provided under different assumptions, including the case where K is a polygon and ϕ is either strictly monotone or ϕ is the width in a given direction. We prove that there are examples in every dimension n≥3 where K is determined by its covariogram but it is not determined by its width-covariogram. We also present some consequence of this study in stochastic geometry.
Lattice-free sets (convex subsets of Rd without interior integer points) and their applications for cutting-plane methods in mixed-integer optimization have been studied in recent literature. Notably, the family of all integral lattice-free polyhedra which are not properly contained in another integral lattice-free polyhedron has been of particular interest. We call these polyhedra Zd-maximal.
It is known that, for fixed d, the family Zd-maximal integral lattice-free polyhedra is finite up to unimodular equivalence. In view of possible applications in cutting-plane theory, one would like to have a classification of this family. However, this turns out to be a challenging task already for small dimensions.
In contrast, the subfamily of all integral lattice-free polyhedra which are not properly contained in any other lattice-free set, which we call Rd-maximal lattice-free polyhedra, allow a rather simple geometric characterization. Hence, the question was raised for which dimensions the notions of Zd-maximality and Rd-maximality are equivalent. This was known to be the case for dimensions one and two. On the other hand, Nill and Ziegler (2011) showed that for dimension d≥4, there exist polyhedra which are Zd-maximal but not Rd-maximal. In this article, we consider the remaining case d=3 and prove that for integral polyhedra the notions of R3-maximality and Z3-maximality are equivalent. As a consequence, the classification of all R3-maximal integral polyhedra by Averkov, Wagner and Weismantel (2011) contains all Z3-maximal integral polyhedra.
For each dimension d, d-dimensional integral simplices with exactly one interior integral point have bounded volume. This was first shown by Hensley. Explicit volume bounds were determined by Hensley, Lagarias and Ziegler, Pikhurko, and Averkov. In this paper we determine the exact upper volume bound for such simplices and characterize the volume-maximizing simplices. We also determine the sharp upper bound on the coefficient of asymmetry of an integral polytope with a single interior integral point. This result confirms a conjecture of Hensley from 1983. Moreover, for an integral simplex with precisely one interior integral point, we give bounds on the volumes of its faces, the barycentric coordinates of the interior integral point and its number of integral points. Furthermore, we prove a bound on the lattice diameter of integral polytopes with a fixed number of interior integral points. The presented results have applications in toric geometry and in integer optimization.
Interpolation of Rotations and Coupling of Patches in Isogeometric Reissner– Mindlin Shell Analysis
(2015)
This work is concerned with the development of an efficient and robust isogeometric Reissner–Mindlin shell formulation. The basic assumption of shell theories is a dimensional reduction of the three-dimensional continuum to a two-dimensional surface embedded in the three-dimensional space. Consequently, the geometry is described by a reference surface in combination with a director vector field, which defines the expansion in the thickness direction. The main objective of isogeometric analysis is to use the same model description for design and analysis. Thin-walled structures are usually defined by a reference surface and an associated thickness in industrial design software. Thus, the usage of isogeometric shell elements can avoid costly conversions to volumetric geometry descriptions.The usage of NURBS surfaces (Non-Uniform Rational B-splines) possibly yields high continuity between elements. This requires a rethinking of all concepts used in conventional shell elements, which base on linear Lagrange basis functions. The shell formulation presented in this work is derived from the continuum theory and uses an orthogonal rotation described by Rodrigues' tensor to compute the current director vector. Large deformations and finite rotations can be described accurately. The discretization requires nodal director vectors which interpolate the normal vector as exact as possible. A new method for the definition of nodal basis systems and nodal director vectors is derived. Basing on this, a criterion for the automatic assignment of the correct number of rotational degrees of freedom for each node is proposed. This allows stable computations of geometries with kinks while requiring neither the usage of drilling rotation stabilization nor manual user interaction. The main part of this work is the derivation of various concepts for the interpolation of the current director vector, which is a function of the rotational state. The respective concepts differ in the quantity which is actually interpolated and in the chosen update formulation for the rotations. The influence of each concept on the global deformation convergence behavior is assessed with the help of numerical examples. The results suggest that proper convergence behavior for all orders of NURBS basis functions can only be attained if interpolated director vectors are rotated. Concepts of this type are more accurate and expensive than concepts which rotate nodal director vectors. But the higher computational effort pays off for geometries with arbitrary curvature and for basis functions of higher order. Geometries with kinks require a multiplicative rotational update formulation for concepts that rotate interpolated director vectors.Three different integration rules are considered within the numerical examples. Besides full and reduced Gauss integration also a new non-uniform Gauss integration concept following Adam et al. (2015) is assessed. A special focus is put on the interaction between the chosen rotational concept and the integration scheme. The reduction of the number of integration points from full to reduced integration slightly alleviates locking effects. The further reduction entailed by non-uniform integration significantly reduces locking effects in some examples. But this only yields higher accuracy if a concept which rotates interpolated director vectors is chosen. The reduction of locking deteriorates the accuracy of deformation results in other cases. The efficiency of the presented shell formulation is compared to standard shell formulations in terms of computational costs to attain a pre-defined error level. The most effective combination of integration scheme and rotational concept is shown to be competitive to standard shell formulations.A further main concern of this work is the derivation of a mortar-type method for the coupling of non-conforming NURBS surface patches. Methods to handle non-conforming patches without mutual refinement are essential for an efficient application of NURBS-based isogeometric analysis. The proposed method bases on a substitution relation, which is derived from the weak fulfillment of the equality of mutual displacements along the interface. A static condensation can be performed with the help of this substitution relation in order to attain a coupled global system of equations. The variational formulation is not altered and the global stiffness matrix remains positive definite. Numerical examples show the applicability of the method. A comparison to reference results and to computations with the Lagrange multiplier method is given. The applicability of the coupling method for the presented Reissner-Mindlin shell formulation is shown with the help of two nonlinear examples.
A NURBS based hybrid collocation-Galerkin method for the analysis of boundary represented solids
(2015)
The paper is concerned with a new numerical method, NURBS based hybrid collocation–Galerkin method (NURBS-HCGM), to solve the in-plane motion problem of elastic solids. It combines the merits of the so-called scaled boundary finite-element method (SB-FEM) and the isogeometric collocation method. For the analysis, the boundary scaling technique of SB-FEM is adopted. It leads to a formulation, where only the boundary of a structure is discretized. Here, the NURBS basis functions are employed for the description of the geometry of the boundary as well as for the approximation of the displacements at the boundary. This is in accordance with the boundary representation modeling technique, which is commonly employed in computer aided design software. The inner domain is described by a radial scaling parameter. Applying the weak form only in circumferential direction the governing partial differential equations of elasticity are transformed to an ordinary differential equation (ODE) of Euler type, where the unknown displacements are a function of the radial scaling parameter. In the present work a NURBS based collocation scheme is introduced to solve this equation. NURBS basis functions are suggested for the approximation of the displacements in scaling direction. The higher continuity provided by NURBS allows to use collocation to solve the ODE directly instead of using the weak form in scaling direction. The proposed approach is validated by comparison with the eigenvalue solution of the ODE. It is remarked that the eigenvalue solution is restricted to linear problems, whereas the proposed method could be extended to nonlinear problems. In general, the presented formulation will allow to model patches bounded by an arbitrary number of contour boundaries. The accuracy of the proposed approach is analyzed and estimated with respect to analytical solutions. The computational cost is investigated with the help of numerical examples and is compared to isogeometric Galerkin approach.
In this contribution, a mortar‐type method for the coupling of non‐conforming NURBS (Non‐Uniform Rational B‐spline) surface patches is proposed. The connection of non‐conforming patches with shared degrees of freedom requires mutual refinement, which propagates throughout the whole patch due to the tensor‐product structure of NURBS surfaces. Thus, methods to handle non‐conforming meshes are essential in NURBS‐based isogeometric analysis. The main objective of this work is to provide a simple and efficient way to couple the individual patches of complex geometrical models without altering the variational formulation. The deformations of the interface control points of adjacent patches are interrelated with a master‐slave relation. This relation is established numerically using the weak form of the equality of mutual deformations along the interface. With the help of this relation, the interface degrees of freedom of the slave patch can be condensated out of the system. A natural connection of the patches is attained without additional terms in the weak form. The proposed method is also applicable for nonlinear computations without further measures. Linear and geometrical nonlinear examples show the high accuracy and robustness of the new method. A comparison to reference results and to computations with the Lagrange multiplier method is given.
This paper presents a numerical method to solve the three-dimensional elasticity problem of surface represented solids. A surface oriented formulation is derived, in which the three-dimensional solid is described by its boundary surfaces and a radial scaling center. Scaling the boundary surfaces with respect to the scaling center yields a parameterization of the complete solid. The definition of the boundary surfaces is sufficient for the description of the solid. Thus, the formulation conforms ideally to the boundary representation modeling technique used in CAD. In the present approach, no tensor-product structure of three-dimensional objects is exploited to parameterize the physical domain. The weak form of the equation of motion and the weak form of the Neumann boundary conditions are enforced only at the boundary surfaces. It leads to a transformation of the governing partial differential equations of elasticity to an ordinary differential equation (ODE) of Euler type. Solving the ODE leads to the displacement in the radial scaling direction. In the present approach, the isogeometric Galerkin finite element method is employed to describe the geometry of the boundary surfaces and also to approximate the displacement response of the boundary surfaces. It exploits two-dimensional NURBS objects to parameterize the boundary surfaces. The final Euler type ODE is solved by the NURBS based collocation method. The displacement response in the radial scaling direction is approximated by the NURBS basis functions. Hence, the method can be extended to nonlinear problems. The accuracy of the method is validated against analytical solutions. In general, the proposed formulation is able to model solids bounded by an arbitrary number of surfaces.
Optimal control problems are considered with linear elliptic equations in polar coordinates. The objective contains L¹-type norms, which promote sparse optimal controls. The particular iterated structure of these norms gives rise to either annular or sectorial sparsity patterns. Optimality conditions and numerical solution approaches are developed.
We consider optimization problems in Banach spaces involving a complementarity constraint, defined by a convex cone K. By transferring the local decomposition approach, we define strong stationarity conditions and provide a constraint qualification, under which these conditions are necessary for optimality. To apply this technique, we provide a new uniqueness result for Lagrange multipliers in Banach spaces. In the case that the cone K is polyhedral, we show that our strong stationarity conditions possess a reasonable strength. Finally, we generalize to the case where K is not a cone and apply the theory to two examples.
We consider an optimal control problem governed by an evolution variational inequality arising in quasistatic plasticity with linear kinematic hardening. A regularization of the time-discrete problem is derived. The regularized forward problem can be interpreted as system of coupled quasilinear PDEs whose principal parts depend on the gradient of the state. We show the Fréchet differentiability of the solution map of this quasilinear system. As a consequence, we obtain a first order necessary optimality system. Moreover, we address certain convergence properties of the regularization.
Trees from drought deciduous forests (“bosque seco”) in northern Peru and southern Ecuador regularly shed their leaves at the onset of seven months-long periods without rain. This way they very effectively reduce the bulk water consumption by leaf transpiration, still loosing small amounts of water through their bark, but at the risk of too little or no carbon gain when leaf-less. Seven species studied here have good developed green cortex tissue on stems and axes, as especially evident for the “bottle tree” Ceiba trischistandra (A. Gray) Bakhuisen (Bombacaceae). In several leaf-less tree species at the end of summer drought, when xylem sap flows are very low, indications of higher xylem flows at night as compared to day-time were found, which led to the question of whether the trees are capable of performing CAM in their axes. However, although quite low in some cases, the pH of the cortex tissues did not fluctuate diurnally. In addition, no night-time carbon uptake could be observed. Although no net carbon gain was measured in C. trischistandra and Erythrina smithiana Krukoff (Fabaceae) photosynthetic activity of the green cortex was sufficient to re-assimilate between 50% to 60% of the carbon released by mitochondrial respiration. In contrast, the obligate CAM plant Cereus diffusus (Britton & Rose) Werdermann (Cactaceae), which was studied as a reference in the same environment, showed both diurnal pH-fluctuations in its green tissue with lowest values before sun rise, and net carbon fixation at night.