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We explore the possibilities of enforcing and preventing consensus in continuous opinion dynamics that result from modifications in the communication rules. We refer to the model of Weisbuch and Deffuant, where n agents adjust their continuous opinions as a result of random pairwise encounters whenever their opinions differ not more than a given bound of confidence ε. A high ε leads to consensus, while a lower ε leads to a fragmentation into several opinion clusters. We drop the random encounter assumption and ask: How small may ε be such that consensus is still possible with a certain communication plan for the entire group? Mathematical analysis shows that ε may be significantly smaller than in the random pairwise case. On the other hand, we ask: How large may ε be such that preventing consensus is still possible? In answering this question, we prove Fortunato's simulation result that consensus cannot be prevented for ε 0.5 for large groups. Next, we consider opinion dynamics under different individual strategies and examine their power to increase the chances of consensus. One result is that balancing agents increase chances of consensus, especially if the agents are cautious in adapting their opinions. However, curious agents increase chances of consensus only if those agents are not cautious in adapting their opinions.
The standard screening test for the recognition of autoimmune diseases is the proof of autoantibodies in serum of patients by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) based on HEp‐2 cells. Manual evaluation of this test is very subjective, slow, and there are no objective parameters as guidelines available. Interlaboratory tests showed occasionally large deviations in the test evaluation resulting in a high variance of results. The aim of this project is fast, objective, safe, and economical automatic analysis of HEp‐2 IIF patterns. Images of IIF patterns were completely and automatically captured using an inverse motorized fluorescence microscope. Thereby, device‐specific parameters were controlled automatically, too. For fast analysis of IIF patterns new algorithms of image processing were developed. Artifacts were recognized and excluded from analysis by the developed software. Analysis of more than 80,000 images clearly demonstrated full automatization and fast processing of IIF patterns. Additionally serum‐specific fluorescence could be easily distinguished from background. Even very weak but positive patterns can be recognized and used for diagnosis. A detailed separation into different basic patterns is possible. Objective, fast, and disease‐related economical analysis of HEp‐2 immunofluorescence patterns is feasible. The implemented software algorithms allowed a mathematical way of describing IIF patterns and can therefore be a useful tool for the needed standardization process.
Numerical modelling of site effects incorporation non-linearity and groundwater level changes
(2007)
In the past decades, the necessity for detailed earthquake microzonation studies was recognized worldwide. Therefore, different approaches were established and applied. Unfortunately, the majority of these approaches are not based on pre-existing field data but require extensive seismic measurements and investigations. Furthermore, these approaches incorporate non-linearity inadequately and cannot take groundwater level changes into account. For this purpose, notably numerical models are most suitable. These models require a good knowledge of the local geological conditions (especially of the uppermost unconsolidated units), information about the geotechnical parameters of these units, and a hydrogeological model of the investigated area. Most of this information can be obtained from geotechnical investigations and surveys that have already been carried out in most densely populated areas. In a case study for Bucharest City, non-linear analyses were performed using software that is based on the visco-hypoplastic constitutive law. The results indicate that groundwater level changes have an important influence on duration and amplitude of ground response and thus should be considered for seismic microzonation studies. This approach can be used to display site effects and to identify different microzones taking different earthquake magnitudes and groundwater levels into account.
Within the CRC461 project in 2004 field investigations concerning the near surface layers in Bucharest were performed. These tests include Seismic Cone Penetration Tests (SCPTU) and seismic refraction measurements for shallow depths. SCPTU is used to obtain a detailed distribution of the shear wave velocities and in situ state parameters of soils. The results are used for site response analysis with linear and nonlinear wave-propagation models. A 1-D wave propagation model is used to study the influence of the non-linear effects in the site response analysis. This numerical approach is based on the hypoplastic constitutive laws which can describe the non-linear plastic behaviour of soil during dynamic loading. It is also able to simulate the liquefaction of saturated granular materials, as well as the diffusion of pore water excess during earthquakes. A comparison of both models subjected to input signals of different magnitudes is presented
The text presents an attempt towards the appropriation of Erikson’s theory for identity development, important in the fields of education and psychology. In order to make Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development empirically accessible, James E. Marcia developed the “Identity Interview Status” (ISI), that searches within the topics of “profession”, “relationship/family” and “values/ideology” for the variable “commitment” and “exploration” crises with the final output being the “identity status” of the individual. This paper presents a reflection and further development of the ISI. How is the concept of “identity status” theoretically deduced based on Erikon’s theory in the ISI? Regarding methodology, it is questioned if “identity status” is appropriate for the inquiry of identity and if the ISI is an adequate instrument to investigate this. Are the constructions of the researcher based on the constructions of the person interviewed? How is the perspective of the individual interviewed integrated in the research process? The concerns raised by these questions directed us to find an improvement to the ISI, called the “Modified Identity Status Interview” (MISI) and for the development of a process model of the identity crisis. Keywords: identity; Erik H. Erikson; process model of identity crisis; Identity Status Interview Modified (MISI).