FG Digitale Entwurfsmethoden
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Since its first description in 1892, the adaptation of internal bone structure to changing loading conditions over time, known as Wolff 's Law, has inspired a wide range of research and imitation. This investigation presents a new bone-inspired algorithm, intended for the structural design of technical structures and capable of optimizing the shape and size of three-dimensional lattice structures. Unlike conventional structural optimization methods, it uses interacting artificial agents that closely follow the cellular behaviour of the biological blueprint. Agents iteratively move, alter cross-sections, and reposition axes in the latticework. The efficacy of the algorithm is tested and evaluated in two case studies. This agent-based approach lays the theoretical foundation for an implementation of adaptive structural building components and provides a tool for further research into the spatial aspects of natural ossification.
Central courtyards are primary components of vernacular architecture in Iran. The directions, dimensions, ratios, and other characteristics of central courtyards are critical for studying historical passive cooling and heating solutions. Several studies on central courtyards have compared their features in different cities and climatic zones in Iran. In this study, deep learning methods for object detection and image segmentation are applied to aerial images, to extract the features of central courtyards. The case study explores aerial images of nine historical cities in Bsk, Bsh, Bwk, and Bwh Köppen climate zones. Furthermore, these features were gathered in an extensive dataset, with 26,437 samples and 76 geometric and climactic features. Additionally, the data analysis methods reveal significant correlations between various features, such as the length and width of courtyards. In all cities, the correlation coefficient between these two characteristics is approximately +0.88. Numerous mathematical equations are generated for each city and climate zone by fitting the linear regression model to these data in different cities and climate zones. These equations can be used as proposed design models to assist designers and researchers in predicting and locating the best courtyard houses in Iran’s historical regions.