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The evaluation of beekeeping management practices (BMPs) is important for beekeepers worldwide because their choice affects health and survival of managed honeybee (A. mellifera L.) colonies and touches ethical and economic questions. This study focusses on queen excluders, a common hive addition in contemporary beekeeping. Its impacts are controversially discussed but have not been studied scientifically yet. Within a 4-year participatory on-farm experiment, we assessed the effects on colony dynamics in 64 hives in 8 apiaries during one season in Germany using the Liebefeld estimation method. We found no significant deviation for parameters of colony dynamics between hives managed with and without queen excluders. A qualitative decision-making tool (Pugh decision matrix) facilitated concept selection only for specific beekeepers.
An important component regarding the climate and energy crisis and its implications is the upheaval in energy production and supply as a fundamental transition in favor of low-carbon energy. The regions of the German-Polish border area studied in this paper encounter different development paths of coal and renewable energy sources. One emblematic recent case in this context, is the legal dispute over the closure of the Turów coal mine. The authors investigate to what extent these energy spaces develop between European frameworks, nation-state policies as well as regional and local implementations. The analysis is based on regional discourses of German and Polish newspapers with the highest circulation in the border area. The combination of a discourse analysis and a multidimensional, space-theoretical approach overcomes a simplification of socio-spatial strategies and enables a differentiation of the borderlands. Additionally, the examination of the discursive practices provides insights on scaling and network activities as well as on strategies of place-protection in socio-material energy spaces in the German-Polish borderland.
Volunteering is seen as an effective way to address a wide range of issues that are present in modern societies, in particular in rural areas. In order to gain insight into the current state of volunteering, a survey was carried out with the aim of providing an inventory of the digitalisation of volunteering and addressing the influence of spatiality in this context. This article examines the traditional data collection methods of surveys that have been used in the past to collect information on volunteering and presents a different sampling procedure based on a random sample of municipalities, due to insufficient data available from official authorities. Finally, the article discusses the results of the survey and analyses how the unique sampling procedure differs from previous approaches. The comparison with a larger survey shows that the different sampling methods produce largely identical results, at least for the central variable of organisational area. As long as no structured data are available from the public authorities, there will always be a trade-off with regard to sampling strategies and the method of contact when doing research on volunteering organisations
Rural communities have experienced significant changes in their social, economic and demographic structures, leading to an increased importance of volunteering. Such activities are related to traditional association structures, which seem to be declining in popularity. One of the current hopes for strengthening rural volunteering is digitalisation. This article examines the extent to which digitalisation has found its way into volunteering and how this is related to rural areas. It summarises the discourses on volunteering, rural areas and digitalisation and introduces a mixed-methods approach at the organisational level. Based on a nationwide survey and in-depth interviews with volunteers and experts, we present a digitalisation index to illustrate that digitalisation has found its way into rural volunteering, but not to the same extent everywhere. We suggest that the sparse use of distance-bridging digital tools is due to structural peculiarities of rural voluntary organisations rather than stereotypical rural backwardness.