FG VWL, insbesondere Mikroökonomik
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Institute
BTU
- nicht an der BTU erstellt / not created at BTU (81) (remove)
A Tale of Two Federalisms: Long-Term Institutional Change in the United States and in Germany
(2011)
This paper offers a comparison of government centralization in the United States and in Germany. After briefly laying out the history of federalism in both countries, we identify the instruments of centralization at work. It is argued that an initial constitutional framework of competitive federalism does not prevent the long-term centralization of competencies. Against a background of historical evidence, we discuss the political economics of government centralization. It is argued that formal institutions clearly have an effect on the pathways of government centralization, but not necessarily on the broader trend of centralization. The conclusion is reached that preservation of state and local autonomy may eventually hinge on informal political institutions.
Recent contributions to the economics of terrorism have given contradicting recommendations for campaigning against terrorism, from the proposal to deprive terrorists of their resources to the proposal of raising the opportunity costs of terrorism by increasing the wealth of the affected regions. Within a simple framework which differentiates between the decision to become an active terrorist and the decision to support terrorists and which allows for reciprocal reactions to anti-terrorism policies, it is argued here that undifferentiated deterrence may indeed backfire, but so may an increase of the opportunity costs of terrorism. A very targeted anti-terrorism policy aimed only at active terrorists would then be the most reasonable remaining approach.
Das Forschungsgebiet der Politischen Ökonomik kon-
zentrierte sich bisher vor allem darauf, das ökonomi-
sche Verhaltensmodell rational-eigeninteressierten Handelns auf den Forschungsgegenstand der Politik anzuwenden. Mit der empirischen Verhaltensökonomik gera-
ten aber strikte Annahmen individueller Rationalität zu-
nehmend in die Kritik. Dazu kommt, dass die Anreiz-
strukturen gerade bei kollektivem Handeln in der Politik nicht dafür sprechen, dass Menschen individuellen Aufwand betreiben, um vollständig rational zu handeln. Deshalb ist die Anwendung verhaltensökonomischer
Ansätze auf diesem Gebiet besonders vielversprechend.