FG Stahl- und Holzbau
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- innovative building design (1)
- lateral-torsional buckling (1)
- light steel construction (1)
- local shear buckling (1)
- monocoque (1)
- nachgiebige Verbindungen (1)
- parameter study (1)
- post-welding imperfections (1)
- residual stresses (1)
- ring stiffener (1)
- single and double-sided welds (1)
- square web openings (1)
- stainless steel (1)
- steel structures (1)
Institute
Corrugated web beams are an alternative to steel girders with flat webs. They consist of a welded Isection with a thin-walled trapezoidally corrugated web and flanges made of wide flat steel. In comparison with hot-rolled or welded I-beams with flat webs, corrugated web beams offer significant material savings and are produced fully automated. Assuming the same load-bearing capacity, corrugated web beams are lighter than those with a flat web, since the corrugated web beams can often be loaded up to their plastic resistance without reinforcement of the web. Research on the loadbearing behaviour of corrugated web beams without web openings is well-established. However, the resistance of corrugated web beams with reinforced web openings, which are necessary for installations in buildings, has not been well investigated experimentally yet. This paper examines the shear force resistance of trapezoidally corrugated web beams with reinforced square web openings. Two beam-like specimens with the same geometry but differently reinforced web openings were tested. The experimental results are compared with a Finite Element Analysis using Abaqus® and with an analytical model that allows a simplified calculation. The comparison identifies how the wall thickness of the web opening reinforcement affects the shear force resistance of perforated corrugated web beams.
Wenn an Stahlbrückenkonstruktionen Ermüdungsrisse festgestellt werden, treten
diese in der Regel an kerbscharfen Konstruktionsdetails auf. Die Instandsetzung der
betroffenen Brückenkonstruktion erfordert in den meisten Fällen umfangreiche Sa
nierungsmaßnahmen, die oft mit einer Brückensperrung und erheblichen Beein
trächtigungen der Verkehrsinfrastruktur einhergehen. Im Rahmen eines ZIM
Forschungsvorhabens [3] wird derzeit ein innovatives Reparaturverbundsystem aus
kohlenfaserverstärktem Kunststoff (CFK) entwickelt, das mithilfe von Klebetechnik
appliziert wird und das angerissene Bauteil lokal verstärkt. Das primäre Ziel dieser
verstärkenden Maßnahme besteht darin, mittels individuell gefertigter CFK-Schalen,
welche durch die Verwendung eines zweikomponentigen Klebstoffs am Hänger be
festigt werden, den Riss zu überbrücken. Auf diese Weise soll der Rissfortschritt
signifikant reduziert oder gestoppt werden. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über
die ersten Ergebnisse aus diesem Forschungsvorhaben.
Im Rahmen des Beitrags wird das Tragverhalten von Trapezstegträgern mit quadra
tischen Öffnungen und Öffnungskränzen (umlaufende Versteifung) als Verstär
kungsmaßnahme untersucht. Die Ergebnisse aus zwei Traglastversuchen und einer
umfangreichen numerischen Parameterstudie (FE-Berechnungen) zum Tragverhal
ten von Trapezstegträgern mit versteiften quadratischen Stegöffnungen werden vor
gestellt. In der Parameterstudie werden die Einflüsse der Kranzdicke und der geo
metrischen Imperfektionen auf die Querkrafttragfähigkeit der Trapezstegträger un
tersucht. Schlussendlich wird ein praxisnaher Bemessungsvorschlag zur Ermittlung
der Querkrafttragfähigkeit von Trapezstegträgern mit versteiften Stegöffnungen vor
gestellt.
Geometric Properties of Steel Components with Stability and Fatigue Risks Using 3D-Laser-Scanning
(2024)
Nowadays, 3D laser scanning technology is extensively employed in laboratory investigations of steel structural components, providing accurate geometric dimensions to reduce uncertainties caused by indeterminate geometry in experimental results. It is often used in conjunction with the Finite Element (FE) Method and analytical solutions, which are more accurate deterministic operators in the research on steel structures. However, establishing a common methodological framework for transferring or mapping 3D-scanned information into finite element models for complex steel structures with stability and fatigue risks remains an ongoing task. In light of this, this study has developed a 3D scanning platform capable of obtaining accurate geometric dimensions for various types of steel components. Different coordinate systems and point cloud mapping algorithms have been established for different types of components to construct actual finite element models with initial imperfections. The feasibility of the self-developed 3D scanning platform and finite element modelling has been validated through three experimental cases: weld details, steel girders, and cylindrical shells. The research findings demonstrate that the captured point cloud can be automatically processed and corrected using the developed algorithm. The scanned data can then be input into the numerical model using various mapping algorithms tailored to the specific geometric properties of the specimens. The differences between the experimental test results and the simulated results obtained from the 3D-scanned finite element models remain within a small range. The self-developed 3D scanning platform and finite element modelling technique effectively capture the actual dimensions of different steel components, enabling the prediction of their stability and fatigue risks through numerical simulations.
Die nicht ausdrücklich definierte Schnittstelle zwischen Kran (Maschinenbau) und Kranbahnträger (Bauwesen) führte in der Vergangenheit immer wieder zu Missverständnissen in der Praxis in Hinblick auf die Bemessung geklemmter Kranschienen mit Fußflansch (Form A). Von den Kranherstellern wird lediglich die Kontaktpressung zwischen dem Laufrad des Krans und der Schienenoberfläche nach EN 13001-3-3 nachgewiesen. Die Bemessung der Kranschiene selbst wird nicht durch die Vorschriften des Kranbaus geregelt. Auf der anderen Seite ist eine Bemessung geklemmter Kranschienen, die neben zweiachsiger Biegung auch Torsion infolge exzentrischer Lasteinleitung erfahren, bislang aufgrund fehlender Bemessungsregeln nicht ohne Weiteres nach EN 1993-6 möglich. Dieser Beitrag stellt den derzeitigen Stand der für den Normentwurf prEN 1993-6 entwickelten Bemessungsregeln vor und präsentiert Vergleiche mit realitätsnahen numerischen Untersuchungen. Darüber hinaus wird ein verbessertes Berechnungsmodell für die Längsspannungen aus zentrischer Radlast vorgestellt, das im Vergleich zum Normentwurf das tatsächliche Tragverhalten deutlich besser abbildet. Außerdem wird ein Bemessungsvorschlag für einen Ermüdungsnachweis formuliert.
Anwenderfreundlichere Regelungen zu den Einwirkungen aus Kranbetrieb im Norm-Entwurf prEN 1991-3
(2023)
Die Ergebnisse aus drei Traglastversuchen und einer umfangreichen numerischen Parameterstudie (FE-Berechnungen) zum Tragverhalten von Wellstegträgern mit quadratischen Stegöffnungen werden vorgestellt. Es werden versteifte Stegöffnungen mit einem umlaufenden Versteifungskranz betrachtet. In der Parameterstudie werden die Einflüsse der Stegöffnungsgeometrie, der Trägergeometrie und der Position der Stegöffnung auf die Querkrafttragfähigkeit der Wellstegträger untersucht.
Innovative Klebstoffe ermöglichen das zuverlässige und dauerhafte Fügen von natürlichen Baustoffen wie Holz und Holzwerkstoffen mit leistungsfähigen kohlefaserverstärkten Kunststoffen (CFK) zu neuartigen Verbundwerkstoffen. Dadurch eröffnen sich neue Einsatzmöglichkeiten für eine nachhaltige Holzbauweise, die in den letzten Jahren mit Blick auf die Nachhaltigkeitsziele Deutschlands vor allem im Wohnungs- und Geschossbau verstärkt vorangetrieben wird.
Developed numerical Analysis of Residual Stress caused by Welding and Cutting in Steel Structures
(2023)
The welding and flame‐cutting process in the steel construction are commonly used, especially for the bridge structure. Some experiments about welding and cutting have been done separately by some researchers. The results from the experiments were also compared with the results from the numerical simulation under 3D or 2D models. The agreements between those results are as good as they predicted. Therefore, the numerical simulation is a better way to analyze the quality of the steel construction after welding and cutting without time‐consuming and a large amount of cost. But there are only a few research about the numerical simulation and the some of them are aimed to verify the experiments. In this study, the calculation about the residual stresses after welding and thermo‐cutting are considered from 3D‐model into 2D‐Model. The heat source model is simply regarded as curves of time and welding energy with the algorithm methods. And no matter the change of the parameters of the model and the heat source, the heat transfer and the residual stresses can be calculated with the 2D models as fast as possible. By the means of the finite element software Abaqus, the I‐profiles are easy to receive the job results with the input parameters. The influence of the welding and cutting process are visual and direct.
The lateral-torsional buckling resistance of welded steel girders is affected by their residual stresses and geo-metric imperfections. Generally, both influences are mainly controlled by the manufacturing process, in partic-ular the welding of the girder. This paper presents experimental investigations on four laterally unbraced welded steel girders with thin-walled I-sections, whose flange-to-web junctions are welded from one or two sides to evaluate the fabrication influence. The investigations include lateral-torsional buckling tests under combined bending and torsion loading caused by three-point bending due to an eccentric vertical single force. The geometric imperfections of the welded test girders are determined by 3D laser scanning. The test results show that the influence of the geometric imperfections and the residual stresses on the lateral-torsional buck-ling resistance is limited for the tested girders.
Corrugated web beams are welded I‐sections with thin‐walled sinusoidal corrugated webs and flanges made of wide flat steel that have been developed as an alternative to steel girders with flat webs. In comparison with hot‐rolled or welded I‐beams with flat webs, corrugated web beams are connected with considerable material savings and fully automated production. Assuming the same load‐bearing capacity, corrugated web beams are lighter than those with a flat web, since the corrugated web beams can often be loaded up to their plastic resistance without reinforcement of the web. The research on the load‐bearing behavior of corrugated web beams without web openings is relatively mature. However, the resistance of corrugated web beams with reinforced web openings, as they are often used in buildings for installations, has not well experimentally been investigated, yet. This paper deals with the shear resistance of corrugated web beams with reinforced square web openings. Three specimens of different geometry with two square web openings were tested. The experiments are compared with a Finite Element Analysis by Abaqus® and with an analytical model allowing simplified calculation. Both models can relatively accurately calculate the shear resistance. The experimental and numerical results show that the increase of the shear resistance of perforated corrugated web beams depends on the wall‐thickness and the steel grade of the web opening reinforcement.