FG Denkmalpflege
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
Way of publication
- Open Access (8)
Language
- German (100)
- English (69)
- Multiple languages (3)
- Italian (2)
Keywords
- Habsburg (4)
- Militärarchitektur (3)
- Denkmalpflege (2)
- Heritage (2)
- Reconstruction (2)
- War (2)
- 19. Jahrhundert (1)
- Aleppo (1)
- Allied military bases (1)
- Architecture (1)
Institute
- FG Denkmalpflege (174)
- FG Baugeschichte (2)
- FG Bautechnikgeschichte (1)
Die Revolution von 1848/49 stellte die Habsburgermonarchie vor existentielle Herausforderungen. Nur mit militärischer Gewalt konnte dieser Staat zusammengehalten und die habsburgische Herrschaft im Inneren gesichert werden. Die folgenden Jahre waren gekennzeichnet von einer überragenden Stellung des Militärs und einer umfassenden Modernisierung des habsburgischen Staates.
Frank Rochow zeigt an Fallstudien zu Lemberg und Krakau, dass Befestigungsbauten nicht nur Ausdruck, sondern auch ein wesentliches Instrument zur Umsetzung dieses Prozesses waren. Über die detaillierte Analyse der Planungs- und Realisierungsgeschichte der Bauprojekte arbeitet er die Mechanismen heraus, mit denen der habsburgische Staat versuchte, sein Territorium gegen polnische Unabhängigkeitsbestrebungen zu behaupten und flächendeckend zu durchdringen. Die Unzulänglichkeiten des habsburgischen Verwaltungsapparates und die Herausforderungen durch lokale Akteur:innen setzten diesem Herrschaftsanspruch jedoch Grenzen, deren genauer Verlauf in der Interaktion vor Ort immer wieder neu ausgehandelt wurde. Daraus ergibt sich ein dynamisches Bild staatlicher Herrschaft zu einem kritischen Zeitpunkt des habsburgischen Staatsbildungsprozesses.
The role of the Byzantine legacy in the construction of Turkish national identity and in the definition of “national legacy” has remained a contested issue. One of the most problematic issues regarding the construction of Turkish history during the early Republican period was the question of how to integrate the Byzantine past.
Political ideology in government has always influenced the management of Byzantine heritage, execution of restoration projects, changes in the use of monuments, and even the organization of scientific meetings. These highly politicized approaches have not only been dominating Byzantine heritage but also played a significant role for decades in the cultural heritage field in Turkey.
The 10th International Congress of Byzantine Studies (ICBS) in 1955, the first in Istanbul, was a major step in the protection of the Byzantine heritage of Istanbul. The Turkish government initiated a large-scale restoration campaign that involved all the major Byzantine monuments of Istanbul. Preparations for the congress were discussed at the Grand National Assembly of Turkey.
After 66 years, the 24th ICBS was planned to take place in 2021, its second time in Istanbul. However, the conversion of Hagia Sophia of Istanbul into a mosque in July 2020 was the “final straw” after a series of decisions related to the conversions of Hagia Sophias of Iznik and Trabzon. A week after this action, the International Association of Byzantine Studies made a new declaration stating the congress would no longer be held in Istanbul, due to concerns related to “issues of heritage management”.
Focusing on these congresses as case studies, this chapter discusses the changes, transformations, and (in)consistencies in the political approach to Byzantine-built heritage in Istanbul, Turkey. These case studies bear the potential to demonstrate disputes around the iconic monuments of Byzantine heritage and contextualize both the similarities and the contrasts in the political and institutional efforts to preserve the Byzantine heritage.
Discovering and Preserving Byzantine Constantinople: Archaeology and Heritage Policies in Istanbul
(2022)
The paper presents an overview of the archaeology and heritage policies in Istanbul focusing on the physical remains of Byzantine Constantinople. The first part discusses the archaeological excavations conducted in Istanbul over the past century, during which the Byzantine archaeology of Istanbul began to be institutionalised as a scientific field and excavations were systematically recorded. A particular focus is given to the recent and lesser-known excavation projects. In the second part of the paper, the local authorities’ approaches towards architectural heritage and conservation practices of the Byzantine monuments and architectural remains in Istanbul are analysed in order to scru- tinise the contextualisation of this urban architectural heritage and elucidate how they were viewed in the past century by the various politically diverse Turkish governments.