FG Bautechnikgeschichte
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Documentation and analysis of the free-handed vaulting technique at the Toor Caravanserai, Iran
(2022)
This paper discusses the development of shell structures in the context of the application of early reinforced concrete in the Russian Empire. Following a short discussion of the context and general conditions, the main construction methods are addressed. Different types of buildings are analysed in the paper, covering the period from the first structures in 1888 until the revolution of 1917. Special attention is given to shell constructions and their supporting structures. As they are intricate and technically advanced, these structures arguably represent the highest point in the development of early reinforced concrete.
The research was based on Soviet era and later construction history publications, archival documents, and drawings as well as historical technical literature on the topic in Russian, French, German, and English. Such a broad overview has allowed the history of the development of early reinforced concrete constructions to be seen from different perspectives.
The Introduction of the Hennebique Reinforced Concrete System in the Russian Empire, 1898-1907
(2021)
As a part of the research field concerning the transfer of European knowledge to the Russian Empire, this paper concentrates on the transfer of technical knowledge. It describes the introduction and application of a reinforced concrete construction method developed around I886 by the French bricklayer and construction site supervisor François Hennebique. The Hennebique system was promoted by his worldwide professional network, including in the Russian Empire. Paul de Monicourt, a French engineer, was the main figure associated with the promotion of this method throughout the Russian Empire. He established his first office in southwestern Ekaterinoslav specialized in industrial buildings and bridges. After sharing his construction and calculation methods with the engineers of Russian Railways, he lost his monopoly hold on bridge construction in the Russian Empire. Moving his focus to the north, he established an additional office in Saint Petersburg, where he began to work in dome construction. In I905, de Monicourt began a partnership with a local construction company. His involvement in this partnership makes it difficult to trace his later activity and individual achievements since this company took over the spread of Hennebique system in the Russian Empire.