FG Automatisierungstechnik
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- Human-Robot-Collaboration (2)
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- Handguiding (1)
- Information system; automated processes; screwing control; process parameterization (1)
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Due to the extensive changes along with Industry 4.0 many established barriers drop. One of those barriers which increasingly disappears separates the workspace between human beings and robots and thus prevents a versatile collaborating environment. This change has led to the development of a wide field of research focusing on the prevention of human-robot impacts and/or the minimization of related risks. This paper is focused on safety regulations introduced as a consequence of those developments over the last ten years and particularly on an approach for demonstrating the unintended gap arising between human and robot due to those regulations. Modularity and integrability as two of the key characteristics in the concept of Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems (RMS), serve as the comparative parameters.
This work describes three technical improvements to the handling assistant, a collaborative robot for handling and commissioning, concerning the depth of information the robot can extract from the teaching process. The teaching process involves an unskilled worker setting up the robots movements and actions through hand guiding to instruct the robot to perform a given task. The possibilities of improvements in picking, placement and path demonstrated are identified and solutions for the same are presented. The task of picking of the part is improved through the use of null space motion of the robot and exploiting part symmetry. The task of placement of parts is improved through the use of data collected during the demonstration. Finally the path of the robot is optimized using regression with a cost function targeted minimizing the time required for path movement. The developed methods are implemented and validated on a test case using a handling assistant which has a KUKA iiwa robot and collaborative gripper.
As Convolutional Neural Network based models become reliable and efficient, two questions arise in relation to their applications for industrial purposes. The usefulness of these models in industrial environments and their implementation in these settings. This paper describes the autonomous generation of Region based CNN models trained on images from rendered CAD models and examines their applicability and performance for part handling application. The development of the automated synthetic data generation is detailed and two CNN models are trained with the aim to detect a car component and differentiate it against another similar looking part. The performance of these models is tested on real images and it was found that the proposed approach can be easily adopted for detecting a range of parts in arbitrary backgrounds. Moreover, the use of syntheic images for training CNNs automates the process of generating a detector.
Industry 4.0 is still in its development phase and it promises to bring remarkable benefits to the manufacturing industry around the world when employing the Smart Factory application in large organizations and their supply chains. However, there is a risk of a miss-match when trying to introduce Industry 4.0 to Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) as the concept is mainly being developed around large manufacturing companies. The purpose of this research is to analyze the readiness level and feasibility of implementing Industry 4.0 technologies for SME’s in the federal state of Brandenburg (Germany). The work is based on the survey of 20 SME’s assessing their current problems emphasizing on automation, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), CAD/CAM, factory layout planning and logistics. Five SME’s from different domains out of the 20 surveyed are taken as case studies to evaluate the potential benefits, trade-offs and barriers from an implementation of these integrated technologies. The findings revealed that the companies are still coping with the issues relating to planning, logistics and automation. It was also found that all the concepts of i4.0 may not be necessary or even beneficial to an enterprise in the current scenario and new strategies need to be developed for its realization in SME’s.
In addition to the already required functionality, future production systems should consider the requirements of flexible and demand-oriented resource utilization. Those are not only related on fields of energy, but also material-efficient and time-efficient use of available means of production. Modular system architectures and modular solutions facilitate the planning and implementation of these requirements. Using service-oriented architectures in automation allow an approach for new or modified system components that can be integrated in the available plant environment without a high additional investment of project engineering. This aspect is interesting for companies with manageable machinery, which are able to react immediately and flexible to changes. Service-oriented solutions include among other things the identification, classification and synchronization of possible services. The paper will show general prerequisites for an implementation of a service-oriented architecture in a module-based test field.
Fertigungsanlagen flexibel gestalten – Konzept einer plattform- und serviceorientierten Lösung
(2016)
Die steigende Produktvielfalt und die Anforderung nach höherer Flexibilität in der Produktion sowie nach Steigerung der Produktivität erfordern im industriellen Umfeld eine Erhöhung des Automatisierungsgrades. Vor diesem Hintergrund steigert sich der Robotereinsatz in der Industrie seit Jahren. Jedoch liegt der Automatisierungsgrad im Montagebereich immer noch auf einem niedrigen Niveau, weil entweder der hohe Zeitbedarf zur Entwicklung eines Robotersystems und/oder der hohe Aufwand zur Umsetzung ins Zielsystem hinderlich auf die Erhöhung des Automatisierungsgrads wirken. In diesem Paper wird eine neue Methode zur Entwicklung eines Robotersystems für Montageaufgabe vorgestellt. Diese Methode zielt auf Erstellung einer Montageaufgabe durch Anwendung der Erweiterten Realität (Augmented Reality, Abkürzung AR). Eine virtuelle Montageaufgabe mit virtuellen Bauteilen wird händisch ausgeführt, dadurch wird diese Montageaufgabe visualisiert dargestellt und automatisch im Zielsystem erstellt.
In this paper the use of a mobile lightweight robot is evaluated to perform an assembly task while simultaneously moving. The motion of the mobile platform results into a variable end effector position in space. The paper assesses
the existing method of placing a screw in an assembly where the location of placement is variable due to end effector movement. Experiments have been conducted to evaluate the task performance by monitoring the applied force on the
end effector, the position data and the task time. The results show that with impedance configuration, a moveable compliant robot is a possible solution for use in assembly operation.