FG Automatisierungstechnik
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- Human-Robot-Collaboration (2)
- Robot Farming (2)
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- Handguiding (1)
- Information system; automated processes; screwing control; process parameterization (1)
- Intelligent knowledge-based system (1)
- Knowledge management in production; Mass customization (1)
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Due to the extensive changes along with Industry 4.0 many established barriers drop. One of those barriers which increasingly disappears separates the workspace between human beings and robots and thus prevents a versatile collaborating environment. This change has led to the development of a wide field of research focusing on the prevention of human-robot impacts and/or the minimization of related risks. This paper is focused on safety regulations introduced as a consequence of those developments over the last ten years and particularly on an approach for demonstrating the unintended gap arising between human and robot due to those regulations. Modularity and integrability as two of the key characteristics in the concept of Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems (RMS), serve as the comparative parameters.
This work describes three technical improvements to the handling assistant, a collaborative robot for handling and commissioning, concerning the depth of information the robot can extract from the teaching process. The teaching process involves an unskilled worker setting up the robots movements and actions through hand guiding to instruct the robot to perform a given task. The possibilities of improvements in picking, placement and path demonstrated are identified and solutions for the same are presented. The task of picking of the part is improved through the use of null space motion of the robot and exploiting part symmetry. The task of placement of parts is improved through the use of data collected during the demonstration. Finally the path of the robot is optimized using regression with a cost function targeted minimizing the time required for path movement. The developed methods are implemented and validated on a test case using a handling assistant which has a KUKA iiwa robot and collaborative gripper.
As Convolutional Neural Network based models become reliable and efficient, two questions arise in relation to their applications for industrial purposes. The usefulness of these models in industrial environments and their implementation in these settings. This paper describes the autonomous generation of Region based CNN models trained on images from rendered CAD models and examines their applicability and performance for part handling application. The development of the automated synthetic data generation is detailed and two CNN models are trained with the aim to detect a car component and differentiate it against another similar looking part. The performance of these models is tested on real images and it was found that the proposed approach can be easily adopted for detecting a range of parts in arbitrary backgrounds. Moreover, the use of syntheic images for training CNNs automates the process of generating a detector.
Industry 4.0 is still in its development phase and it promises to bring remarkable benefits to the manufacturing industry around the world when employing the Smart Factory application in large organizations and their supply chains. However, there is a risk of a miss-match when trying to introduce Industry 4.0 to Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) as the concept is mainly being developed around large manufacturing companies. The purpose of this research is to analyze the readiness level and feasibility of implementing Industry 4.0 technologies for SME’s in the federal state of Brandenburg (Germany). The work is based on the survey of 20 SME’s assessing their current problems emphasizing on automation, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), CAD/CAM, factory layout planning and logistics. Five SME’s from different domains out of the 20 surveyed are taken as case studies to evaluate the potential benefits, trade-offs and barriers from an implementation of these integrated technologies. The findings revealed that the companies are still coping with the issues relating to planning, logistics and automation. It was also found that all the concepts of i4.0 may not be necessary or even beneficial to an enterprise in the current scenario and new strategies need to be developed for its realization in SME’s.
In addition to the already required functionality, future production systems should consider the requirements of flexible and demand-oriented resource utilization. Those are not only related on fields of energy, but also material-efficient and time-efficient use of available means of production. Modular system architectures and modular solutions facilitate the planning and implementation of these requirements. Using service-oriented architectures in automation allow an approach for new or modified system components that can be integrated in the available plant environment without a high additional investment of project engineering. This aspect is interesting for companies with manageable machinery, which are able to react immediately and flexible to changes. Service-oriented solutions include among other things the identification, classification and synchronization of possible services. The paper will show general prerequisites for an implementation of a service-oriented architecture in a module-based test field.
Fertigungsanlagen flexibel gestalten – Konzept einer plattform- und serviceorientierten Lösung
(2016)
Die steigende Produktvielfalt und die Anforderung nach höherer Flexibilität in der Produktion sowie nach Steigerung der Produktivität erfordern im industriellen Umfeld eine Erhöhung des Automatisierungsgrades. Vor diesem Hintergrund steigert sich der Robotereinsatz in der Industrie seit Jahren. Jedoch liegt der Automatisierungsgrad im Montagebereich immer noch auf einem niedrigen Niveau, weil entweder der hohe Zeitbedarf zur Entwicklung eines Robotersystems und/oder der hohe Aufwand zur Umsetzung ins Zielsystem hinderlich auf die Erhöhung des Automatisierungsgrads wirken. In diesem Paper wird eine neue Methode zur Entwicklung eines Robotersystems für Montageaufgabe vorgestellt. Diese Methode zielt auf Erstellung einer Montageaufgabe durch Anwendung der Erweiterten Realität (Augmented Reality, Abkürzung AR). Eine virtuelle Montageaufgabe mit virtuellen Bauteilen wird händisch ausgeführt, dadurch wird diese Montageaufgabe visualisiert dargestellt und automatisch im Zielsystem erstellt.
In this paper the use of a mobile lightweight robot is evaluated to perform an assembly task while simultaneously moving. The motion of the mobile platform results into a variable end effector position in space. The paper assesses
the existing method of placing a screw in an assembly where the location of placement is variable due to end effector movement. Experiments have been conducted to evaluate the task performance by monitoring the applied force on the
end effector, the position data and the task time. The results show that with impedance configuration, a moveable compliant robot is a possible solution for use in assembly operation.
This paper presents a novel approach for automated smart factory based on the ideas of Internet of Things (IoT) and the usage of mobile technology of the german „Industry 4.0“ [6]. IoT enables the achievement of greater value and service by exchanging data between different devices and the manufacturer. The data collected from all devices will be exchanged via wireless networks. Mobile technology can be used to cover non value-added processes [3] i.e. transportation in the manufacturing. By combining transportation tasks and value adding production steps, waste of production time, cost and effort can be reduced. This paper presents the first step toward this approach [7]: the mobile robot moves alongside the moving object and executes the manufacturing tasks during its transportation. For the demonstration of the developed solution a mobile
platform and an optical measurement system was used. The synchronization between the mobile platform and the object will be experimentally tested. Consequently the results will demonstrate how the mobile robot is able to follow the moving object.
Die in diesem Artikel beschriebene, praktische, Verwendung einer Augmented Reality Umgebung findet statt für die Fehlerbeseitigung und Fehlerkorrektur bei der Arbeit in einer Laboranlage, die verschiedene Fehler simuliert kann. Innerhalb der Anlage sind alle wesentlichen Komponenten mit Sensorik ausgestattet, so dass jederzeit Informationen über
den Zustand des Systems in Echtzeit bereitliegen. Sobald sich einen Fehler innerhalb der Anlage befindet, kann das Steuerungssystem durch die vorliegenden Sensordaten dieses
Problem identifizieren. Die verschiedenen Teile der Anlage sind mit Positions-Markern zur Identifizierung eines
Anlagenbereiches ausgerüstet. Wird die Anlage durch einen Fehler gestoppt ist, muss der Mitarbeiter die Anlage mit Hilfe des Kamerasystems eines mobilen Endgerätes (mit dem
Tablet) erfassen. Die erfassten Daten aus diesem Scan werden mit Hilfe der Software verarbeitet. Durch die visuelle Rückmeldung (z.B., auf dem Tablet) erhält der Anwender die Information über den aufgetretenen Fehler innerhalb der Anlage und zur Behebung des Zustandes. Auf
Grundlager der erkannten Marker können positionsgenau Objekte eingeblendet werden die dem Anwender den Ort des Fehlers anzeigen und Hinweise zur Bedienerführung zur
Aufnahme des ordnungsgemäßen Betriebs der Anlage geben. Der Anlagenführer wird in die Lage versetzt, die Fehlerbeseitigung und Fehlerkorrektur schnell und erfolgreich zu realisieren. Ein Einsatz des Systems für Schulungsprozesse ist vorgesehen, da sich dies
positiv auf die Verringerung von Stillstandszeiten auswirkt. So demonstriert das beschriebene, realisierte Verfahren wie die praktische Verwendung der
AR zur Reduzierung des zeitlichen Aufwandes für die Fehlerbeseitigung und die Fehlerkorrektur der Maschinenumgebung bei der Mensch-Maschinen-Integration in Industrie 4.0 Umgebungen beiträgt und den gesamten Integrationsprozess zwischen Mensch und Maschine vertiefet.
In this paper a flexible robot system for assembly operations in a semi structured environment is proposed. The system uses a moveable robot equipped with an arbitrarily mounted 3D camera and a 2D camera on the robot gripper for accurate object detection. The system is developed based on the Robot Operating System (ROS) and uses the state of the art trajectory planner MoveIt for collision free robot motion planning. The object recognition for the system is performed using a combination of the two camera's and robot end effector and the deviation of objects in the robot workspace is found to be in the range of 2.2 mm along X and Y axes. Furthermore, an implementation procedure of the proposed system for assembly task is explained.
Synchronisation von mobilen Robotern zu einer kontinuierlichen Fließfertigung für Montageaufgaben
(2015)
A variant-flexible assembly cell for hydraulic valve sections using a sensitive lightweight robot
(2016)
Strategies for Energy-oriented Process-Control: Requirements on Use Case of Container Handling.
(2014)
Technical conditions for the use of autonomous systems: A general approach for holistic engineering
(2013)
Increasing Robotic Machining Accuracy Using Offline Compensation Based on Joint-Motion Simulation
(2014)
Offline Path Compensation to Improve Accuracy of Industrial Robots for Machining Applications
(2013)
The automotive industry is experiencing several limitations due to high mass customization on product side and the consequent evolution of newer ones as well as the expansion of existing production setups. There exist various complexities in planning and control of istributed production setups. This paper addresses issues related to planning using knowledge management approaches in the decentralized manufacturing domain with two distinct cases. The first case relates to the higher level planning methodology to automate experts’ knowledge in production ramp-up whereas the second case relates to optimization of production processes using knowledgebase as an intelligent assistance system for optimization.
The optimization processes in production planning often encounter problems due to unavailability of skilled workers in the concerned production departments since the decisions made in uncertain situations rely mainly on the knowledge possessed by the relevant planners. This paper further presents and elaborates the unified web-based knowledge based decision support system concept to automate and reuse implicit knowledge generated during interaction with the dedicated software tools as well as during interaction with real hardware setups in an industrial environment. The unified concept has been devised considering two pilot cases i.e. decision making on eco-efficient decentralized production schemes for manufacturing customized products and decision support for solving problems in ramp-up management process. This paper further discusses the development issues concerning web-based knowledge based decision support system to demonstrate the unified concept. The software modules from both pilot cases are validated considering two pilot cases.
The automotive industry is facing challenges due to high mass customization and consequent decentralization of manufacturing systems. Currently, the evaluation and optimization of eco-efficiency of production processes is complicated due to time consuming LCA simulations and inexperience of production planners to make respective decisions. This paper addresses this issue by developing ontology based intelligent assistance system to support planner in environmental assessment of manufacturing of customized production in decentralized manufacturing networks as well as decision making in production planning.
Sophisticated screwing processes in modern screwing equipment are marked with complex parameter settings of the
screwing operations and with their assessment requirements. To gain the potential for improvement, the screwing processes must be handled using a special strategy. To determine the exact parameters and to achieve improved process quality requires development of analysis tools to diagnose the parameter attributes. Increased requirements in the screwing processes demand operator best fit training procedures. A continuous improvement concept for the process control is required to enhance work quality. An information system with a maturity degree for automated screwing processes is developed. To avoid the technical risks, some mechanisms were developed, which automatically extract the process related data and provide it to operator afterwards. By using the information system, information (process and control data) about the parameterization of the screwing control with standardized correlations and a clear tracing of working steps is provided. In this way the running, modification and optimization of the screwing process can be implemented without errors. The developed information system was evaluated on an experimental platform for screwing process in the research laboratory. Thereby, the functionalities of the platform and their components are described and a validation of the developed system is carried out. The development and assembly of the components is presented. Data interrelations are also described in detail. With the developed information system the correct parameterization of the screwing processes with a degree of maturity of the process parameters were achieved. The evaluation of the maturity degree is made with the help of functional properties of the parameters. Consequently, an obvious minimization of the mistakes and a simple screwing process control is achieved.
Insbesondere die produzierenden Unternehmen in der Automobilindustrie müssen auf kürzere
Produktlebenszyklen und steigende Vielfalt zeitnah und wirtschaftlich reagieren, um langfristigen
Unternehmenserfolg zu sichern. Diese Anforderungen können heute verfügbare
Systeme oftmals nicht leisten. Die kognitiven Fähigkeiten der Mitarbeiter ermöglichen in der
manuellen Montage eine hohe Anpassungsfähigkeit. Erwünschte Produktivitätssteigerungen
werden durch Erhöhung des Automatisierungsgrades angestrebt, wobei die Fähigkeiten der
Mitarbeiter nur selten genutzt werden und die Anpassungsfähigkeit abnimmt. Zukunftsweisende
Montagekonzepte können nur durch entsprechende Zielsetzung und methodische
Vorgehensweisen erreicht und umgesetzt werden. Ziel des „Robot Farming“ Konzeptes ist
es, die Mitarbeiterproduktivität unter voller Nutzung ihrer kognitiven Fähigkeiten zu steigern.
Im Beitrag werden die Vorgehensweise zur Konzeptentwicklung, ausgewählte Bausteine des
„Robot Farming“ und ein Planungssystem für „Robot Farming“ Konzepte in der Montage vorgestellt.